Radiometrical and physico-chemical characterisation of contaminated glass waste from a glass dump in Sweden

Around former glass factories in south eastern Sweden, there are dozens of dumps whose radioactivity and physico-chemical properties were not investigated previously. Thus, radiometric and physico-chemical characteristics of waste at Madesjo glass dump were studied to evaluate pre-recycling storage requirements and potential radiological and environmental risks. The material was sieved, hand-sorted, leached and scanned with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). External dose rates and activity concentrations of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials from U-238, Th-232 series and K-40 were also measured coupled with a radiological risk assessment. Results showed that the waste was 95% glass and dominated by fine fractions (<11.3 mm) at 43.6%. The fine fraction had pH 7.8, 2.6% moisture content, 123 mg kg(-1) Total Dissolved Solids, 37.2 mg kg(-1) Dissolved Organic Carbon and 10.5 mg kg(-1) fluorides. Compared with Swedish EPA guidelines, the elements As, Cd, Pb and Zn were in hazardous concentrations while Pb leached more than the limits for inert and non-hazardous wastes. With K-40 activity concentration up to 3000 Bq kg(-1), enhanced external dose rates of K-40 were established (0.20 mu Sv h(-1)) although no radiological risk was found since both External Hazard Index (H-ex) and Gamma Index (I-gamma) were <1. The glass dump needs remediation and storage of the waste materials under a safe hazardous waste class 'Bank Account' storage cell as a secondary resource for potential future recycling. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.