Article
Energy & Fuels
Izabella Maj, Sylwester Kalisz, Robert Wejkowski, Marek Pronobis, Klaudiusz Golombek
Summary: This study investigated corrosion products collected from waterwalls of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Two types of corrosion spots were identified with high chlorine, potassium, and sodium contents. Laboratory corrosion tests determined the corrosion characteristics and the influence of fuel additives. Halloysite was found to be the most effective additive, and the porosity and adhesion of the oxide layer played a key role in the corrosion process.
Article
Thermodynamics
Agata Mlonka-Medrala, Tadeusz Dziok, Aneta Magdziarz, Wojciech Nowak
Summary: In this study, the potential of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in Poland was investigated, revealing significant limitations due to its high heterogeneity and contamination. Samples of fuel and fly ashes were analyzed to determine their composition and characteristics, while the impact of flue gas treatment on ash morphology and composition was also studied.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wanqiang Wu, Lunbo Duan, Yuanqiang Duan, Lin Li, Daoyin Liu, David Pallares
Summary: The Dense Discrete Phase Model (DDPM) method is successfully applied to simulate the co-combustion process of coal and sludge in a full-loop circulating fluidized bed. The predicted results of pressure profile, flue gas composition, and bed temperature match well with measurements, validating the effectiveness of the DDPM methodology in describing the gas-solid flow and combustion process. The analysis of coal and sludge co-combustion provides insights into flow characteristics, gas composition, reaction rate profile, and particle combustion characteristics.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dowon Shun, Yujin Choi, Hyunji Jun, Dong-Ho Lee, Jong-Seon Shin, Keun Hee Han, Seung Yong Lee, Dal Hee Bae
Summary: The addition of kaolinite in a commercial SRF-burning CFBC boiler has been found to reduce the decomposition of mineral chlorides, soften the hardness of deposits on heat exchange tubes, and significantly decrease particulate matter in flue gas, leading to a shift in particle size distribution towards larger sizes.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuyang Chen, Shiliang Yang, Jianhang Hu, Hua Wang
Summary: In this study, the hydrodynamics and thermochemical characteristics of dense reactive flow in a 0.1 MWth pilot-scale CFB were simulated. The impacts of key operating parameters on gas thermal properties, gas species distribution and gas-solid flux were studied. The results showed non-uniform distributions of gas-solid flow dynamics and thermochemical variables in the riser, with combustible gases mainly concentrating in the left area.
Article
Thermodynamics
Taewoo Kim, So Dam Park, Uen Do Lee, Byeong Cheol Park, Kyoung Il Park, Jongsup Hong
Summary: The proposed 2nd generation hybrid pressurized oxy-coal combustion power cycle combines fluidized-bed combustion with the Rankine cycle and gasification with the Brayton cycle, leading to an improved efficiency and performance of the system.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Chen Ge, Shiyuan Li, Linwei Wang
Summary: Oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed combustion (Oxy-CFBC) is a promising and sustainable technology for carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration in coal-fired power plants. In the past 15 years, research on Oxy-CFBC has rapidly developed, from lab-scale to industrial-scale facilities. This paper reviews the research status of Oxy-CFBC, including models, heat transfer, combustion characteristics, pollutant formation and emission, and system optimization. It also analyzes different fuels and the differences in NOx emission and desulfurization mechanism between air combustion and oxy-combustion modes. The review highlights the importance of gas staging and oxygen staging in reducing NO emissions, and discusses new generation technologies and challenges for future research and industrial application of Oxy-CFBC.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Guoliang Song, Yuan Xiao, Zhao Yang, Xueting Yang, Qinggang Lyu, Xingshun Zhang, Qingbo Pan
Summary: The study focused on investigating the operating and emission characteristics during mono-combustion of coal slime in a 75 t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler. The temperature distribution in the furnace was influenced by the fuel characteristics of coal slime and feeding location.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Haifeng Zan, Xiaoping Chen, Wenqi Zhong, Jiliang Ma, Daoyin Liu, Guoqing Lian, Pengfei Geng, Cai Liang
Summary: Pressurised circulating fluidized bed oxy-fuel combustion (PCFB-OFC) is a promising technology for CO2 capture due to its high carbon capture efficiency and net efficiency. However, there is a lack of comprehensive experimental studies on PCFB thermal state experimental devices. In this study, a 100 kWth PCFB-OFC experimental device was developed, and the effect of combustion pressure on various parameters was investigated. The results showed that increasing pressure improved combustion efficiency, temperature distribution, and reduced pollutant emissions.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mais Baqain, Can Rustu Yoruk, Dmitri Nesumajev, Oliver Jarvik, Alar Konist
Summary: The CO2-intensive oil shale power industry in Estonia produces a significant amount of ash, which is mainly disposed of in landfills. Switching to oxy-fuel technology with CO2 storage can help reduce carbon footprint. However, there are expected differences in ash formation under oxy-fuel conditions, leading to additional challenges in ash handling and environmental concerns.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bin Liang, Haolong Bai, Bo Tan, Liangliang Fu, Dingrong Bai
Summary: To solve the issue of burning wet coal slime in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, a proposal is made to dry coal slime in a low-temperature drying system and burn the dried fine powders in a CFB with a highly efficient separator. Experimental results show that the dried slime particles can be burned stably, efficiently, and cleanly with a particle size distribution similar to that of circulating ash particles. This study presents a potential opportunity to advance CFB combustion technology.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ying Cui, Ye Zou, Shujun Jiang, Wenqi Zhong
Summary: Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler has broad prospects in coal-fired power generation due to its high combustion efficiency, compact structure, and low pollution emission. Scale-up regularity research based on combustion characteristics of S-CO2 CFB boiler is crucial for its industrial applications. Accurately predicting the scale-up according to the operating performance of the S-CO2 CFB boiler is of great significance in order to simplify the workload and save time cost.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zecheng Liu, Wenqi Zhong, Xuejiao Liu, Yingjuan Shao
Summary: Replacing the steam cycle with the supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) cycle in coal-fired power generation improves efficiency, reduces carbon emissions, and increases renewable energy utilization. However, there is limited research on the techno-economic and environmental performance of S-CO2 power generation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xinyu Huang, Zhanbin Yang, Meijia Liu, Jie He, Li Li, Changhao Cui, Zechun Huang, Shifeng Wang, Dahai Yan
Summary: This study investigates the emission and environmental risks of organic pollutants during co-firing coal liquefaction residue (CLR) in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler through field tests. The results show that co-firing CLR can reduce coal consumption without significantly affecting combustion parameters. Co-firing CLR does not increase the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to pure coal combustion, and fly ash has a higher concentration of PAHs.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Haodong Fan, Boyu Deng, Jian Shi, Shuning Qin, Yupeng Feng, Zhong Huang, Baoguo Fan, Hairui Yang, Yan Jin, Man Zhang
Summary: Co-firing coal slime in CFB boilers is an effective method for utilizing industrial solid waste with high water content, viscosity, ash content, and low calorific value. The study on the morphology and drying characteristics of coal slime dough showed that the compression degree and water content influence the tensile force, with a quadratic relationship established. Predictions of breaking length at different feeding locations were made, along with calculations of temperature changes during drying inside the furnace.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Linhang Zhu, Zhongyang Zhao, Chang Liu, Wenjun Li, You Zhang, Yongxin Zhang, Chenghang Zheng, Kun Luo, Xiang Gao
Summary: This study investigates the hydrodynamics and cohesive-like characteristics of solid particles in a pseudo-2D droplet gas-solid fluidized bed using two-way coupled CFD-DEM numerical simulations. The results show that the presence of droplets leads to poorer fluidization characteristics, with increased surface tension resulting in inadequate mixing and higher liquid viscosity causing slower particle motion. The choice of contact angle is crucial for optimizing the fluidization quality, and injecting more droplets results in worse mixing, although the number of injected droplets has no significant effect on the flow pattern and particle motion.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yicun Wang, Ruipeng Cai, Changxiao Shao, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: In this study, a novel tabulated spray flamelet/progress variable model (TSFPV) is developed to address the challenges of turbulent spray flames. The model introduces an additional mixture fraction to describe the mixing process and solves the problem of non-monotonicity in spray flame structure. The model is validated through simulations and shows good agreement with detailed chemistry solutions, accurately capturing the double-reaction spray flame structure and providing accurate predictions for temperature and minor intermediate products.
Article
Mechanics
Linfei Li, Tai Jin, Liyong Zou, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: This paper numerically investigates the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability of a flat gas interface driven by perturbed and reflected shock waves. The flat gas interface evolves into a lambda-shaped structure with a central N-2 cavity and steps on both sides due to the impact of the perturbed shock wave. After the secondary collision of the reflected shock wave, the interface undergoes phase inversion and evolves into a bubble and spike structure. Three cases of different Atwood numbers are studied, comparing the collision time and position of the reflected shock wave and interface, as well as the induced spikes, bubbles, and gas mixing in detail. The formation of spikes and bubbles is related to the baroclinic vorticity highlighting the RM instability.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dali Kong, Shuai Wang, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: Biomass gasification combined with CO2 absorption-enhanced reforming was numerically studied in a BFB reactor using the MP-PIC method. The effects of operating parameters on particle behaviors, bubble dynamics, and reactor performance were analyzed. A lower operating pressure improved gas-solid contact efficiency and performance, while higher temperature and S/B ratio promoted H2 generation but deteriorated gasification performance. Mixed bed material significantly improved gasification performance by enhancing H2 generation and CO2 removal.
Article
Thermodynamics
Qilong Xu, Shuai Wang, Kun Luo, Yanfei Mu, Lu Pan, Jianren Fan
Summary: This study developed an integrated model to predict the efficiency of a 250 MW industrial-scale IGCC system. After validation, the model was used to assess the power generation and efficiency under different load conditions. The results showed stable operation and higher efficiency compared to conventional IGCC systems.
Article
Mechanics
Mengzhen Cheng, Haiou Wang, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: In this study, the flow-flame structures and turbulence-flame interactions of a laboratory-scale lean premixed reacting jet in cross-flow were explored through direct numerical simulation. Both non-reacting and reacting cases were simulated, and it was found that the reacting jet penetrates deeper in the cross-flow with a weaker shear layer compared with the non-reacting one. The flame structure in the reacting case showed significant variations in reaction intensity in different flame zones.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Dong Li, Yuqi Liu, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: This study proposes an integral method to accurately determine the mean skin friction in a zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer. By assuming a linear relation for the weighted total shear stress in the near-wall region, the method requires only one streamwise location to evaluate the skin friction using the wall-normal profiles of the mean streamwise velocity and Reynolds shear stress. The method is validated using direct numerical simulation and experimental data, and is found to provide accurate results within +/- 4% compared to published values.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dali Kong, Shuai Wang, Jiahui Yu, Debo Li, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: The improvement of external-loop and in-furnace non-uniformity of a 300 MWth industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) with multiple cyclones by a dual-side coal feeding mode was numerically quantified. The dual-side coal feeding mode showed superiority over the traditional single-side coal feeding mode in terms of final mixing degree, residence time of coal particles, solid flux characteristics, temperature range, combustion efficiency, and emissions reduction.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiahui Yu, Shuai Wang, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: This study develops a coupled framework by combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with discrete element method (DEM), and further introduces the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method for studying multiphase flow systems. A smoothing method is implemented to ensure accurate calculation of interphase and interfacial interactions. An advanced VOF-based surface-capturing method, Iso-Advector, is introduced to effectively describe interface evolution and interfacial interactions. The integrated model is verified through three benchmark cases, with good agreement between numerical results and experimental measurements, demonstrating the reliability of the model in simulating multiphase flow systems.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yonghui Qiao, Jianren Fan, Kun Luo
Summary: The mechanism of energy loss in healthy aortic blood flow is explored using clinical measurements and computational modeling techniques. The primary causes of energy loss are viscous friction and aortic wall deformation. These findings can inform the development of new hemodynamic markers and clinical assessment tools for vascular wall health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Yanlu Chen, Buyun Xu, Yuzhou Cheng, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan, Meixiang Xiang
Summary: This study compares the hemodynamic differences between thrombus-positive and thrombus-negative patients in the early stages of the disease. The results show that the velocity and shear strain rate of the endocardial and epicardial geometries exhibit relative consistency. Differences in wall shear stress mainly occur at the LAA entrance, while oscillatory shear index differences are affected by geometry. Endothelial cell activation potential and relative residence time differences are concentrated at the tip of the LAA, but reliable parameters can be obtained after excluding outliers.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yicun Wang, Changxiao Shao, Kun Luo, Ruipeng Cai, Tai Jin, Jianren Fan
Summary: In this paper, the authors focus on the development and validation of the TSFPV model for simulating turbulent spray flames. The improved SEST model is used to generate the spray flamelet library, and the TSFPV model is verified on different flame configurations. The results show good agreement with experimental measurements, indicating the potential of the TSFPV model for spray combustion modeling.
Letter
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jinju Guo, Taoye Yin, Shuai Wang, Wei Chen, Peiwang Zhu, Kun Luo, Yun Kuang, Jie Liu, Junjun Huang, Bing Huo, Hui Wang, Chunlin Zhang, Jian Wang
Summary: The passage introduces a new type of battery with features such as high energy density, long cycle life, high safety, and scalability. Its main applications include electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and smart grids. Additionally, the battery exhibits excellent performance indicators such as high rate charge-discharge, low self-discharge rate, and high energy efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate a specific energy density of 1000 MW and over 1000 cycles of durability, with stable operation in a wide temperature range. This study provides significant support for the preparation, performance optimization, and application prospects of this new battery.
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kai Liu, Kun Luo, Yuzhou Cheng, Anxiong Liu, Haochen Li, Jianren Fan, S. Balachandar
Summary: This study develops an efficient and robust surrogate modeling framework based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for parameterized combustion system design and optimization. The accuracy and predictive capability of the PINNs framework are validated through numerical simulations, and the implications for engineering applications are discussed. The results demonstrate the potential of PINNs as an efficient and physics-driven approach for visualization, design, optimization, and control of parameterized combustion systems.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xin Liu, Qiang Wang, Kun Luo, Yanfei Mu, Haiou Wang, Jianren Fan
Summary: The study finds that using a liquid-cooled plate and metallic phase change material can improve battery thermal management. Gallium filling significantly reduces cell temperature and improves temperature dispersion uniformity, but a higher coolant mass flow rate has less impact on cell temperature and increases system energy consumption.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qing Han, Mengqing Shi, Linkai Han, Di Liu, Mingwei Tong, Yuxin Xie, Zhonghua Xiang
Summary: Developing highly efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial for zinc-air flow batteries. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic polymers (COPs) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their designable and controllable atomic-level structures. However, their catalytic performances are limited by conductivity and catalytic activity. In this study, nanosheet FeNi-MOF and iron phthalocyanine rich COP hybrid materials are assembled through the pi-pi stacking effect to create highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts. The resulting catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance and stability, making it a promising candidate for zinc-air flow batteries.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Daria Grigorash, Dmytro Mihrin, Rene Wugt Larsen, Erling H. Stenby, Wei Yan
Summary: The article introduces a new approach to describe the cross-association between molecules, allowing for the simulation of weakly bound molecular complexes with different conformations in mixtures. By incorporating this approach into the equation of state, accurate predictions of vapor-liquid equilibrium and liquid-liquid equilibrium can be made. The new method is validated through experiments on alcohol and acid mixtures, with the results compared to experimental data, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohammed Al-Sharabi, Daniel Markl, Vincenzino Vivacqua, Prince Bawuah, Natalie Maclean, Andrew P. E. York, Axel Zeitler
Summary: This study used terahertz pulsed imaging to investigate the transport process of different solvents into ceramic catalytic materials. The results showed that the heating rate of the samples influenced the water transport rate, while the viscosity of 1-octanol slowed down its transport.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chukwunonso Anyaoku, Sati Bhattacharya, Rajarathinam Parthasarathy
Summary: This study aimed to enhance understanding of settling dynamics in viscoelastic fluids by developing a semi-empirical correlation and a dimensionless ratio, which accurately described the characteristics of settling suspensions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Antti I. Koponen, Janika Viitala, Atsushi Tanaka, Baranivignesh Prakash, Olli-Ville Laukkanen, Ari Jasberg
Summary: This study focuses on the development of foam application chemicals for the paper and board industry. The research explores the rheology of the polyvinyl alcohol foam used in the process. Measurements were conducted to determine the foam viscosity and slip flow. The results suggest that slip flow contributes significantly to the total flow rate, and the obtained viscosity and slip models provide a solid foundation for industrial processes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dalei Sun, Jinghui Cai, Yating Yang, Zhiwu Liang
Summary: In this study, Fe-doped alpha-Bi2O3 catalysts with different Fe/Bi molar ratios were synthesized and utilized in the carbonylation of isobutyl amine with CO2. The results showed that Fe doping significantly enhanced the catalytic abilities of alpha-Bi2O3.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuan Tian, Xinxin Wang, Yanrong Liu, Wenping Hu
Summary: This paper predicts the solubility of nitrogen gas in ionic liquids (ILs) using two quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. By combining machine learning methods and ionic fragments contribution method, the accuracy and reliability of the prediction models are improved.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Liwang Wang, Wei Liu, Pan Yang, Yulong Chang, Xiaoxu Duan, Lingyu Xiao, Yaoming Hu, Jiwei Wu, Liang Ma, Hualin Wang
Summary: This study investigates the effective phase interfacial area (ae) of hydro-jet cyclones at different injection angles. The results show that a 45 degrees upward incidence angle yields the most favorable flow field characteristics for efficient mass transfer. The significant enhancement in ae of the hydro-jet cyclones offers the advantage of reducing equipment volume and cost savings.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chuanjun Wu, Jiangzhi Chen, Jiyue Sun, I-Ming Chou, Shenghua Mei, Juezhi Lin, Lei Jiang
Summary: In this study, the solubility of H2S hydrate in water was measured using Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the solubility increases with temperature under certain equilibrium conditions, and the solubility also depends on pressure and temperature under different equilibrium conditions. A thermodynamic model based on the van der Waals-Platteeuw theory was developed to predict the solubility, demonstrating its accuracy.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lorenzo Brivio, Serena Meini, Mattia Sponchioni, Davide Moscatelli
Summary: This study investigates the influence of three main parameters and proposes a kinetic model to predict the optimal operating conditions for high yield of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in the chemical recycling process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hongju Lin, Fanhui Liao, Yanchang Chu, Mingyu Xie, Lun Pan, Yuanyuan Wang, Lijian Leng, Donghai Xu, Le Yang, Gangfeng Ouyang
Summary: A honeycomb NiCo/C-Na catalyst with a micro-meso-macroporous structure has been fabricated and shown to have significantly higher catalytic activity for the decarboxylation of fatty acids. It also proves to be efficient in upgrading sludge HTL bio-crude, resulting in a biofuel with decreased viscosity and increased density.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaoxian Li, Rui Li, Min Lin, Mingde Yang, Yulong Wu
Summary: A series of coated non-noble metal porous carbon catalysts were synthesized and applied to the aqueous-phase deoxygenation of algal bio-oil. One of the catalysts showed excellent deoxygenation selectivity and catalytic activity at 250 degrees C. The catalyst exhibited good hydrothermal stability and the reaction mechanism was proposed based on product analysis and active site analysis.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. V. Chudakova, M. V. Popov, P. A. Korovchenko, E. O. Pentsak, A. R. Latypova, P. B. Kurmashov, A. A. Pimenov, E. A. Tsilimbaeva, I. S. Levin, A. G. Bannov, A. V. Kleymenov
Summary: A series of catalysts with different potassium contents were prepared using solution combustion synthesis and characterized using various techniques. The results showed that the potassium content affected the phase composition and texture of the catalysts. The addition of a small amount of potassium resulted in a change in particle size distribution, leading to higher hydrogen yield. The Ni-1%K2O/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest hydrogen yield at temperatures of 675 and 750 degrees Celsius.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Aliakbar Roosta, Nima Rezaei
Summary: In this study, we modified the electrolyte cubic plus association equation of state (e-CPA EoS) and integrated it with two electrical conductivity models to estimate the electrical conductivity of 11 monovalent electrolyte solutions in water. The modified e-CPA model demonstrated better performance and the hybridization with electrical conductivity models resulted in two predictive models for estimating the electrical conduction of dilute and concentrated electrolyte solutions. These predictive models showed relative average percentage deviations (AARD) of 11.15% and 13.87% over wide ranges of temperature and electrolyte concentration.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Haoren Niu, Jianzheng Wang, Qingzhu Jia, Qiang Wang, Jin Zhao, Fangyou Yan
Summary: A study developed two quantitative structure-property relationship models for the complexation performance of alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins and validated their stability and predictive ability through internal and external validation. The models showed robustness and satisfactory performance, as demonstrated by the experimental results and model validations. These models can effectively predict the binding constants between cyclodextrins and various types of molecules, providing valuable tools for cyclodextrin design.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
