High-rate and long-life lithium-ion batteries coupling surface-Al3+-enriched LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 cathode with porous Li4Ti5O12 anode

An operational lithium-ion battery delivering excellent high-rate property and cycling lifespan are proposed using the advanced anode and cathode. A porous Li4Ti5O12 anode with a high tap-density of 1.06 g cm(-3) is developed, providing a high capacity of 171.6 mAh g(-1) and an outstanding high-rate capability. As for cathode, a surface-Al-enriched LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2, designed to simultaneously obtain high capacity, improved cycling stability and Li+ kinetics, is achieved by an innovative coating-diffusion strategy. As anticipated, it delivers a high capacity of 217.6 mAh g(-1), superior cycle-life and rate property at the high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V (vs Li/Li+). The lithium-ion battery coupling the aforesaid anode and cathode delivers a large reversible capacity of 217.3 mAh g(-1) with an average-voltage of 2.26 V, translating into an energy-density of similar to 147 Wh kg(-1). Surprisingly, the lithium-ion battery exhibits high energy-densities of similar to 110 and 95 Wh kg(-1) even at ultrahigh rates of 20C and 50C, respectively, indicating the unexceptionable high-rate capability. It also reveals excellent cycling stability, 98.7% capacity retention even after 4000 cycles, which makes the lifespan above 10 years. Overall, this proposed cathode/anode is suitable for large-scale industrialization, which also satisfies the demands for fast and durable energy storage.