Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catarina Marreiros, Carla Viegas, Dina Simes
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at higher risk of developing early cardiovascular disease (CVD), with vascular calcification (VC) being a strong predictor of CVD risk. Diagnosis of VC in CKD population is challenging due to its complexity, but imaging biomarkers and circulating biomarkers play important roles in detection and monitoring, providing valuable insights for management of CVD risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Syazrah Salam, Orla Gallagher, Fatma Gossiel, Margaret Paggiosi, Richard Eastell, Arif Khwaja
Summary: The study found that LLAC in CKD patients is more severe than in healthy controls, and is associated with factors such as diabetes, serum phosphate, intact PTH and FGF23. LLAC is also correlated with worse distal tibia cortical bone mineral density, thickness and porosity.
Article
Cell Biology
Ana Amaya-Garrido, Manon Brunet, Benedicte Buffin-Meyer, Alexis Piedrafita, Lucile Grzesiak, Ezechiel Agbegbo, Arnaud Del Bello, Ines Ferrandiz, Serban Ardeleanu, Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez, Camille Fedou, Mylene Camus, Odile Burlet-Schiltz, Jean Massines, Marie Buleon, Guylene Feuillet, Melinda Alves, Eric Neau, Audrey Casemayou, Benjamin Breuil, Jean-Sebastien Saulnier-Blache, Colette Denis, Jakob Voelkl, Griet Glorieux, Sam Hobson, Samsul Arefin, Awahan Rahman, Karolina Kublickiene, Peter Stenvinkel, Jean-Loup Bascands, Stanislas Faguer, Jose M. Valdivielso, Joost P. Schanstra, Julie Klein
Summary: Vascular calcification is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. A study found that circulating calprotectin is independently associated with calcification, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in CKD patients. Inhibition of calprotectin may be a promising strategy to prevent vascular calcification in these patients.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Si-Chong Ren, Nan Mao, Si Yi, Xin Ma, Jia-Qiong Zou, Xiaoqiang Tang, Jun Ming Fan
Summary: Chronic kidney disease leads to vascular calcification, while aging and metabolic disorders are risk factors. Recent progress has been made in treating vascular calcification, but there is a lack of systematic reviews.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donghua Jin, Lihua Lin, Yuxian Xie, Miao Jia, Hong Qiu, Kang Xun
Summary: Vascular calcification (VC), a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), can be prevented by the activation of the antioxidant NRF2 pathway. This study found that NRF2 activation can suppress osteogenic transition and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), indicating its potential as a therapeutic treatment for CKD-associated VC.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Philip Duesing, Andreas Zietzer, Philip Roger Goody, Mohammed Rabiul Hosen, Christian Kurts, Georg Nickenig, Felix Jansen
Summary: CKD and CVD are interlinked, with CKD increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease mainly due to accumulation of uremic toxins, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Vascular alterations, especially atherosclerosis and vascular calcification, play a significant role in the association between CKD and cardiovascular mortality.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Fernanda G. Rodrigues, Milene S. Ormanji, Ita P. Heilberg, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Martin H. de Borst
Summary: This article explores the deregulation of gut microbiota in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its impact on vascular and bone diseases. It discusses the influence of diet, medications, and other factors on gut microbiota composition and subsequently on the overall health of CKD patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Huan Zhao, Haojie Liu, Yueming Liu, Juan Jin, Qiang He, Bo Lin
Summary: This paper reviews the mechanism of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, in vascular calcification (VC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and discusses the potential application of related therapeutic targets in the clinical setting.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Fortunata Perna, Luigi Russo, Vittoria D'Esposito, Pietro Formisano, Dario Bruzzese, Carmela Vigorito, Annapaola Coppola, Patrizia Lombari, Domenico Russo, Diego Ingrosso
Summary: Vascular calcification is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Inflammation, particularly involving uremic toxin lanthionine, IL-8, and Eotaxin, plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of vascular calcification in CKD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Aurelien Mary, Thibaut Objois, Michel Brazier, Youssef Bennis, Cedric Boudot, Gaelle Lenglet, Julien Paccou, Jean-Marc Bugnicourt, Gabriel Choukroun, Tilman B. Drueke, Ziad A. Massy, Said Kamel, Isabelle Six, Romuald Mentaverri
Summary: Research has shown that patients with chronic kidney disease have decreased expression of CaSR in monocytes, affecting their ability to inhibit vascular calcification in vitro. Pretreating peripheral blood mononuclear cells significantly improves monocyte capacity to reduce arterial calcification.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaoyu Liu, An Chen, Qingchun Liang, Xiulin Yang, Qianqian Dong, Mingwei Fu, Siyi Wang, Yining Li, Yuanzhi Ye, Zirong Lan, Yanting Chen, Jing-Song Ou, Pingzhen Yang, Lihe Lu, Jianyun Yan
Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time that spermidine alleviates vascular calcification in CKD by upregulating SIRT1 and inhibiting ER stress, providing a promising therapeutic treatment to ameliorate vascular calcification in CKD.
Article
Oncology
Caidie Xie, Cheng Chen, Lin Wu, Yiqing Xiong, Changying Xing, Huijuan Mao
Summary: This study investigated the role of the deubiquitinating enzyme BRCC36 in the process of vascular calcification (VC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results showed that BRCC36 can interact with beta-catenin and inhibit its phosphorylation, negatively regulating the cell signaling pathway and inhibiting VC.
EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Transplantation
Nicoline H. J. Leenders, Caro Bos, Tiny Hoekstra, Leon J. Schurgers, Marc G. Vervloet, Joost G. J. Hoenderop
Summary: This study demonstrates that increased dietary magnesium inhibits abdominal vascular calcification in an experimental animal model of CKD in vivo. These are promising results for CKD patients and further study is needed to identify the mechanisms involved and to determine the clinical relevance in patients.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Xin Yang, Yuqiu Liu, Xiaodong Zhu, Pingsheng Chen, Xiaotong Xie, Tian Xu, Xiaoliang Zhang, Yu Zhao
Summary: This study compared calcified deposition in various tissues during CKD progression in mice and found that the severity of CKD was closely related to mineral metabolism disorder and ectopic calcification. Calcification in the glomerular and tubular basement membranes was observed in CKD mice, which is considered rare in clinical cases. This study filled the gap in the investigation of the interplay of ectopic calcification in different tissues in previous CKD-animal models.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Aoran Huang, Guangying Guo, Yanqiu Yu, Li Yao
Summary: Collagen plays a crucial role in diseases like renal fibrosis and vascular calcification, and its overexpression exacerbates disease progression. Targeting collagen overexpression can prevent or slow the development of these diseases, with stem cell therapy showing potential as an effective treatment strategy.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lara Caldiroli, Simone Vettoretti, Silvia Armelloni, Deborah Mattinzoli, Masami Ikehata, Paolo Molinari, Carlo Alfieri, Piergiorgio Messa, Giuseppe Castellano
Summary: This study compared the effects of low protein and normal protein diets on the nutritional status and metabolic complications related to the progression of kidney damage in older patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. The results showed that the low protein diet may have greater benefits on the progression of kidney disease and some of its metabolic complications.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
C. Crotti, F. Zucchi, C. Alfieri, R. Caporali, M. Varenna
Summary: This case report describes the long-term efficacy and safety profile of burosumab in a TIO patient who had three unsuccessful surgical attempts in tumor removal. Burosumab showed promising results in improving pain, physical performance, and normalizing serum phosphate levels in TIO patients refractory to surgery or not eligible for surgical treatment.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Barbara Infante, Francesca Conserva, Paola Pontrelli, Serena Leo, Alessandra Stasi, Marco Fiorentino, Dario Troise, Andrea dello Strologo, Carlo Alfieri, Loreto Gesualdo, Giuseppe Castellano, Giovanni Stallone
Summary: Several insults, especially diabetes, can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) in both native kidney and transplant patients. High glucose levels disrupt signaling pathways within the kidney, causing maladaptive repair and kidney dysfunction. Diabetic kidneys are often vulnerable to hypoxia due to reduced oxygenation, vascular damage, and increased inflammation. Patients with a history of AKI have a worse prognosis, highlighting the importance of monitoring diabetic patients for AKI. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying increased susceptibility to AKI in diabetes and the potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Takao Karasawa, Riko Sato, Tadaatsu Imaizumi, Masashi Fujita, Tomomi Aizawa, Koji Tsugawa, Deborah Mattinzoli, Shogo Kawaguchi, Kazuhiko Seya, Kiminori Terui, Kensuke Joh, Hiroshi Tanaka
Summary: ISG20 plays an important role in glomerulonephritis by regulating the production of CX3CL1. It is activated via TLR3 signaling and is involved in the development of renal inflammation.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adamasco Cupisti, Domenico Giannese, Claudia D'Alessandro, Alessia Benedetti, Vincenzo Panichi, Carlo Alfieri, Giuseppe Castellano, Piergiorgio Messa
Summary: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including herbal remedies, probiotics, and vitamins, is often used in the treatment of kidney stone patients. However, most dietary supplements claiming to treat or prevent kidney stones lack scientific evidence. Clinicians should inform patients that the effects of these supplements are largely unknown and that absence of evidence does not mean lack of potential harm. Despite the popularity of CAM products among kidney stone patients, the lack of knowledge in this field prevents their recommendation in daily clinical practice, with only a weak suggestion for their use being reasonable.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jordi Bover, Elisabet Masso, Laia Gifre, Carlo Alfieri, Jordi Soler-Majoral, Maria Fusaro, Jordi Calabia, Rosely Rodriguez-Pena, Nestor Rodriguez-Chitiva, Victor Lopez-Baez, Maya Sanchez-Baya, Iara da Silva, Armando Aguilar, Misael C. Bustos, Natacha Rodrigues, Jonathan S. Chavez-Iniguez, Gregorio Romero-Gonzalez, Jose Manuel Valdivielso, Pablo Molina, Jose L. Gorriz
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition that impairs kidney function and can lead to vitamin D (VD) deficiency. While studies have shown a link between low VD levels and negative outcomes, recent research has lowered expectations for the benefits of VD supplementation. However, guidelines still recommend VD supplementation for CKD patients. It is important to carefully balance the adverse effects of VD derivatives with the prevention of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Deborah Mattinzoli, Paolo Molinari, Gregorio Romero-Gonzalez, Jordi Bover, Elisa Cicero, Francesco Pesce, Matteo Abinti, Costanza Conti, Giuseppe Castellano, Carlo Alfieri
Summary: Cardio-renal syndrome is a well-defined clinical condition that involves interactions between the heart and kidney. Acute kidney injury can lead to chronic cardiovascular events and the progression of kidney disease. The role of bone in this relationship, as well as the impact on long-term outcomes, is an important topic of research.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Deborah Mattinzoli, Stefano Turolo, Masami Ikehata, Simone Vettoretti, Giovanni Montini, Carlo Agostoni, Costanza Conti, Matteo Benedetti, Piergiorgio Messa, Carlo Maria Alfieri, Giuseppe Castellano
Summary: During CKD progression, there is an increase in FGF23 and a positive correlation between FGF23 and n-6 PUFAs. However, our study found that the relationship between FGF23, PUFAs, and MCP1 may differ in CKD and KTx patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Hematology
Rossana Franzin, Alessandra Stasi, Gianvito Caggiano, Elena Squiccimarro, Vincenzo Losappio, Marco Fiorentino, Carlo Alfieri, Giovanni Stallone, Loreto Gesualdo, Giuseppe Castellano
Summary: ESRD is associated with immune dysregulation caused by factors such as uremia and hemodialysis membrane biocompatibility. Understanding the molecules involved in altered immune response is important for therapeutic intervention. PMMA-based membranes have adsorptive properties for uremic toxins and can modulate adaptive immune response.
BLOOD PURIFICATION
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Matteo Abinti, Evaldo Favi, Carlo Maria Alfieri, Francesca Zanoni, Silvia Armelloni, Mariano Ferraresso, Vincenzo Cantaluppi, Giuseppe Castellano
Summary: Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease, but early diagnosis of graft injury and improving graft outcomes remain challenging. Extracellular vesicles have shown potential as precise markers of damage and therapeutic targets in the field of kidney transplantation. They can be used to determine organ quality and aging, identify transplant-related pathologies, and are suitable for drug delivery and therapy development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
C. Alfieri, F. Tripodi, D. Cresseri, M. Gandolfo, M. Campise, A. Regalia, P. Messa, G. Castellano
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Transplantation
Vincenzo Antonio Panuccio, Rocco Tripepi, Maria Carmela Versace, Domenico Russo, Luigi Francesco Pio Morrone, Maria Cristina Mereu, Giovanni Luigi Tripepi, Carlo Alfieri
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Transplantation
Simone Vettoretti, Lara Caldiroli, Silvia Armelloni, Deborah Mattinzoli, Masami Ikehata, Paolo Molinari, Carlo Alfieri, Piergiorgio Messa, Giuseppe Castellano
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jemima E. Schadow, David Maxey, Toby O. Smith, Mikko A. J. Finnila, Sarah L. Manske, Neil A. Segal, Andy Kin On Wong, Rachel A. Davey, Tom Turmezei, Kathryn S. Stok
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the published parameters for assessing subchondral bone in human osteoarthritis using computed tomography. The study identified clinically meaningful parameter categories and emphasized the importance of quantification and standardized measurement methods for improving the evaluation of disease progression.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lindsay L. Loundagin, Kim D. Harrison, Xuan Wei, David M. L. Cooper
Summary: This study developed new techniques to define zones of BMU activity based on the 3D morphology of remodeling spaces in rabbit cortical bone and integrated morphological data with the BMU longitudinal erosion rate (LER) to elucidate the spatial-temporal coordination of BMUs and estimate mineral apposition rate (MAR). The results showed that the manual and semi-automated methods accurately defined the zones of remodeling spaces, and these techniques have the potential to assess dynamic parameters of bone resorption and formation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soroush Masrouri, Farzad Esmaeili, Maryam Tohidi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh
Summary: This study examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and fracture incidence. The results showed that rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) can increase the incidence of fractures among the general population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steven J. Meas, Gabriella M. Daire, Michael A. Friedman, Rachel Denapoli, Preetam Ghosh, Joshua N. Farr, Henry J. Donahue
Summary: Age- and disuse-related bone loss both lead to decreases in bone mineral density, cortical thickness, and trabecular thickness and connectivity. It is important to experimentally compare these two mechanisms at a structural and transcriptomic level to better understand their similarities and differences. This study compares the effects of hindlimb unloading and aging on bone microarchitecture and gene expression in mice, finding that while both induce similar changes, aging has a greater impact on the transcriptome and tissue level.
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masaru Matsuoka, Sho Tsukamoto, Yuta Orihara, Rieko Kawamura, Mai Kuratani, Nobuhiko Haga, Kenji Ikebuchi, Takenobu Katagiri
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rachel Kohler, Amy Creecy, David R. Williams, Matthew R. Allen, Joseph M. Wallace
Summary: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary bone disease that weakens bones and increase fracture risk. Current interventions mainly focus on increasing bone mass, but the compromised tissue-level material properties are not addressed. A study found that a RAL analog could reduce fracture risk, but further development is needed for optimal results in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
So Jeong Park, Eunhye Ji, Hyun Ju Yoo, Kyunggon Kim, Sunghwan Ji, Ji Yeon Baek, Jin Young Lee, Hee-Won Jung, Il-Young Jang, Eunju Lee, Namki Hong, Beom-Jun Kim
Summary: The study analyzed the relationship between serum lumican levels and osteosarcopenia in older adults, showing that older adults with osteosarcopenia had lower serum lumican levels. Lower serum lumican levels were associated with reduced bone mass and grip strength, indicating that lumican levels could be used as a biomarker for assessing the risk of osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, or sarcopenia in older adults.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael B. Chavez, Michelle H. Tan, Tamara N. Kolli, Natalie L. Andras, Brian L. Foster
Summary: This study revealed the complex mechanisms by which disabling BSP functional domains led to profound and distinct changes in cementoblast cell functions, including dysregulated gene expression and reduced mineralization.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julien Seiller, Blandine Merle, Romain Fort, Emilie Virot, Solene Poutrel, Giovanna Cannas, Arnaud Hot, Roland Chapurlat
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bone fragility in sickle cell patients and to evaluate the potential risk factors and associated complications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chirantap Oza, Anuradha Khadilkar, Pranay Goel, Madhura Karguppikar, Nikhil Shah, Nikhil Lohiya, Shruti Mondkar, Prashant Patil, Hemchand Prasad, Ankita Maheshwari, Dipali Ladkat, Neha Kajale, Chidvilas More, Devarati Khurjekar, Vaman Khadilkar
Summary: This study revealed that BoneXpert (BX) can be used for accurate assessment of bone age and screening of bone health in Indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D). 51.5% of T1D subjects showed significantly decreased metacarpal index (MCI). Height, Tanner stage, and vitamin D concentrations were positively correlated with MCI, while HbA1c and disease duration were negatively correlated with MCI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariam R. Farman, Catherine Rehder, Theodora Malli, Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg, Kathryn Dahir, Gabriel Angel Martos-Moreno, Agnes Linglart, Keiichi Ozono, Lothar Seefried, Guillermo del Angel, Gerald Webersinke, Francesca Barbazza, Lisa K. John, Sewmi M. A. Delana Mudiyanselage, Florian Hoegler, Erica Burner Nading, Erin Huggins, Eric T. Rush, Ahmed El-Gazzar, Priya S. Kishnani, Wolfgang Hoegler
Summary: The ALPL gene variant database serves as an archive for interpreting the clinical significance of ALPL gene variants, facilitating the reclassification of VUS and continuous updates. The project establishes an international expert consortium, providing a multidisciplinary collaboration framework to improve genetic counseling and medical decision-making for HPP patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giovanni Adami, Davide Gatti, Maurizio Rossini, Alessandro Giollo, Matteo Gatti, Francesco Bertoldo, Eugenia Bertoldo, Amy S. Mudano, Kenneth G. Saag, Ombretta Viapiana, Angelo Fassio
Summary: Certain diseases requiring glucocorticoids are independently associated with an increased risk of fractures. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and neurological diseases are associated with both vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are only associated with non-vertebral fractures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Frank C. Ko, Rong Xie, Brandon Willis, Zoe G. Herdman, Bryan A. Dulion, Hoomin Lee, Chun-do Oh, Di Chen, D. Rick Sumner
Summary: Intramembranous bone regeneration is important in joint and tooth replacement, but its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study found that increased periostin gene expression preceded increases in osteogenic genes during bone regeneration. Using a genetic mouse model, the researchers discovered that cells transiently expressing periostin played a critical role in intramedullary intramembranous bone regeneration.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
T. Savikangas, T. H. Suominen, M. Alen, T. Rantalainen, S. Sipila
Summary: Regular exercise, especially high-intensity physical activity, can help slow down age-related bone loss and prevent a decline in femoral neck bone mineral density.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mishaela R. Rubin, Ruban Dhaliwal
Summary: The increased risk of fractures observed in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) cannot be solely explained by modest decreases in areal bone mineral density (BMD). Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in bone has been suggested as a possible cause for the increased bone fragility in diabetes. Although the evidence linking AGEs and fractures in individuals with T1D is limited, recent data show that AGEs, as measured by skin intrinsic fluorescence, are a risk factor for lower BMD in T1D. Further research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between fractures and AGEs in T1D. If confirmed, this could lead to interventions that can reduce AGE accumulation and ultimately reduce fractures in T1D patients.