Targeting Hsc70-based autophagy to eliminate amyloid β oligomers

Amyloid beta (A beta) oligomers may be a real culprit in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, the elimination of these toxic oligomers may be of great significance for AD therapy. Autophagy is the catabolic process by which lysosomes degrade cytosolic components, and heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (Hsc70) binds to proteins with their KFERQ-like motifs [also known as chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) motifs] and carries them to lysosomes through CMA or late endosomes through endosomal microautophagy (eMI) for degradation. In this study, our strategy is to make the pathological Ab become one selective and suitable substrate for CMA and eMI (termed as Hsc70-based autophagy) by tagging its oligomers with multiple CMA motifs. First, we design and synthesize A beta oligomer binding peptides with three CMA motifs. Second, we determine that the peptide can help A beta oligomers enter endosomes and lysosomes, which can be further enhanced by ketone. More importantly, we find that the peptide can dramatically reduce A beta oligomers in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) cortical neurons derived from AD patient fibroblasts and protect primary cultured cortical neurons against the Ab oligomer-induced neurotoxicity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the peptide targeting Hsc70-based autophagy can effectively eliminate Ab oligomers and have superior neuroprotective activity. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.