Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaixuan Zhang, Zhaokun Ma, Xue Li, Man Zhang, Xinyao Wang, Hongyu Xu, Huaihe Song
Summary: Phenolic carbon felt (PCF) is a promising three-dimensional material with simple manufacturing process and low cost, which can be used as an anode material in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Research showed that PCF heated to 900 degrees Celsius exhibited the best power generation in MFCs, with good biocompatibility and ease of preparation in different sizes.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nan Lu, Lu Li, Chengzhi Wang, Zirui Wang, Yaqi Wang, Yu Yan, Jiao Qu, Jiunian Guan
Summary: The study showed efficient degradation and mineralization of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Bacterial gene analysis revealed abundant Acinetobacter and Azospirillum in MFC-2-CP.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kyuhwan Hyun, Seongjun Kim, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: The study found that high-density biofilm consisting of yeast cells formed on the surface of 1mm thick carbon felt, serving as one of the biocatalysts, can enhance the performance of MFCs. As the coverage area of yeast cells increases, the maximum power density of MFCs increases linearly, reaching 417.13 W/m3 when the carbon felt thickness is 1mm.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marcelinus Christwardana, Aniek Sri Handayani, Rike Yudianti, Joelianingsih
Summary: The study demonstrated the use of carrageenan and cellulose to modify the anode, successfully enhancing the power density and performance of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), indicating the potential for future development of this structure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Enas Taha Sayed, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Hussain Alawadhi, Khaled Elsaid, Tabbi Wilberforce, A. G. Olabi
Summary: Biocompatible graphitic carbon nitride formed a composite material with carbon brush fiber, demonstrating outstanding performance as an anode in a yeast-based microbial fuel cell compared to plain carbon brush fiber.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marcelinus Christwardana, Gerald Ensang Timuda, Nono Darsono, Henry Widodo, K. Kurniawan, Deni Shidqi Khaerudini
Summary: Coating bentonite-Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA/Bentonite) on carbon felt (CF) improves the performance of yeast Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), increasing power output and voltage. The concentration of PVA and bentonite affects the development of biofilm on the anode surface.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. M. D. Serra, A. Espirito-Santo
Summary: Microbial Fuel Cells are an effective technology for wastewater treatment but their full energetic potential has not been fully exploited. Currently, significant energy losses are still associated with these systems, decreasing the efficiency. Research is needed on how to maximize power extraction from Microbial Fuel Cells in the future.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chia-Hung Liu, Sook-Kuan Lee, I-Che Ou, Kun-Ju Tsai, Yu Lee, Yuan-Hua Chu, Yu-Te Liao, Chi-Te Liu
Summary: Utilizing the plant-associated phototrophic bacterium R. palustris strain PS3, a soil-based microbial fuel cell was used to generate electricity, with enhanced power generation attributed to improved electron transport through the living electrode and interactions between phototrophic CO2 fixation and anaerobic iron oxidation in soil. Integration of CMOS technology with the system aimed to harvest energy efficiently and stably, providing a potentially low-cost and low-energy solution with high power conversion efficiency for practical applications in the future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hongwei Chen, Chao Zhao, Yangfan Song, Xinxin Wang, Lou Zhu, Tianchao Ai
Summary: A multiphase flow model using fermentation gas-driven magnetite nanoparticles and carbon particles is proposed to enhance power generation performance. Carbon particles attached by electroactive biofilms serve as dynamic electrodes, with fluidized magnetite nanoparticles acting as electron shuttles. The model achieves a power density of 0.36 mW/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.98 V. The presence of magnetite nanoparticles enhances microbial density, Fe response, and interspecific electron transfer channels. Capacitive properties, low electron transfer resistance, and enrichment of electroactive bacteria contribute to the improved electricity generation performance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Boobalan Thulasinathan, James Obeth Ebenezer, Abhispa Bora, Arumugam Nagarajan, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Tamilmani Jayabalan, Samsudeen Nainamohamed, Mukesh Doble, Arun Alagarsamy
Summary: The study utilized a coculture system of Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae in an MFC system to treat wastewater, with biofilm-produced proteins and carbohydrates effectively achieving a chemical oxygen demand removal rate of around 70.42%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shiwei Qian, Xiaoshuai Wu, Zhuanzhuan Shi, Xiaofen Li, Xin Sun, Yongjia Ma, Wei Sun, Chunxian Guo, ChangMing Li
Summary: In this study, a hierarchically porous nanowires-material is carefully tuned for an optimal pore structure by adjusting the weight percentage of SiO2-hard template. The as-prepared nanowires are used as an anode in microbial fuel cells, showing significantly improved output power density.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jamile Mohammadi Moradian, Jian-Li Mi, Xinyan Dai, Guo-Feng Sun, Jing Du, Xiao-Mei Ye, Yang-Chun Yong
Summary: This study reports the use of a yeast strain to produce three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D rGO) hydrogel anodes, which significantly enhance the performance of yeast-based microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in producing bioelectricity and biohydrogen from xylose. The improved performance can be attributed to the increased yeast cell attachment and reduced charge transfer resistance on the surface of the 3D rGO hydrogel.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Enze Zhou, Yassir Lekbach, Tingyue Gu, Dake Xu
Summary: Bioenergetics is essential for analyzing the theoretical voltage output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) and the thermodynamic driving force in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). In the field of MFC and MIC research, EET plays a crucial role in microbial energy metabolism and bioelectrochemical processes. Gene manipulations have been used to enhance EET in MFCs and improve understanding of EET-MIC, aiding in MIC analysis and biocide treatment decision-making.
CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Megumi Ueda, Seishu Tojo, Tadashi Chosa, Manzo Uchigasaki
Summary: This study investigates the decomposition characteristics of acetate and propionate in a series-type microbial fuel cell (MFC) under different electrode materials, external resistances, and temperatures. The results show that the decomposition rate and maximum power vary with these factors, and the microbial community is significantly affected by temperature.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Khurram Tahir, Waheed Miran, Jiseon Jang, Nagesh Maile, Asif Shahzad, Mokrema Moztahida, Ahsan Adul Ghani, Bolam Kim, Dae Sung Lee
Summary: This study synthesized a binder-free manganese cobalt oxide anode with a large electrochemically active and rough surface area, leading to improved microbial fuel cell performance. The superior bio-electrochemical activity, reduced ion transfer resistance, and excellent capacitance of the synthesized anode resulted in enhanced power density. The modified anode also accelerated the enrichment of electro-active microbes, as shown by high-throughput biofilm analysis.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sieun Jeon, Heeyeon An, Jungyeon Ji, Yongchai Kwon, Yongjin Chung
Summary: A facile and inexpensive method is introduced to fabricate a myoglobin-mimic nanostructure by evaluating the influence of temperature conditions on the axial coordination between hemin and PEI. Different hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction mechanisms and the effect of axial ligands contribute to the improved catalytic performance under physiological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chanho Noh, Mingyu Shin, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: Metal-ligand complexes are suggested as active materials to overcome easy crossover of single ions, showing significantly lower permeability through Nafion membranes. Determining optimal membrane thickness can improve performance and stability of ARFB using these complexes, reducing cross-contamination limitations.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Agnesia Permatasari, Wonmi Lee, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: By using PTA and TironA as negative and positive active materials, the ARFB achieves good cycle stability and high columbic and energy efficiencies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Heeyeon An, Chanho Noh, Sieun Jeon, Mingyu Shin, Yongchai Kwon, Yongjin Chung
Summary: Modified TEMPO-CNT was successfully synthesized through MTMO, which offers a facile and environmentally friendly method for preparing low-defected carboxylic acid functional group-rich CNT. Compared with conventionally acid-treated CNT (AT-CNT), TEMPO-CNT exhibited a more uniform structure and lower defect ratio, making it a better strategy for functionalizing carboxylic groups on CNT. As a catalyst for vanadium ion redox reaction (VIRR), TEMPO-CNT demonstrated higher catalytic activity and improved reversibility compared to AT-CNT, mainly due to its lower charge transfer resistance. Furthermore, TEMPO-CNT showed enhanced energy efficiency and discharge capacity in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), even at high current density, and exhibited good long-term stability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wonmi Lee, Kyu In Shim, Gyunho Park, Jeong Woo Han, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: Instead of developing new organic active materials, a rationally designed composite supporting electrolyte is suggested to improve the performance of aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). By optimizing the composite supporting electrolyte using density functional theory (DFT), the solubility and stability of the redox couple are improved, leading to higher capacity and excellent retention of AORFB.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Aroa R. Mainar, J. Alberto Blazquez, Domenico Frattini, Marina Enterria, Nagore Ortiz-Vitoriano, Idoia Urdampilleta, Hans-Jurgen Grande
Summary: Secondary zinc-air batteries (ZABs) show potential as sustainable energy storage, but their current capability is unsatisfactory. The limitations are mainly due to the air electrodes, hindering practical applications and commercialization. This study explores the use of metallic nickel as a conductive additive in the air electrodes, compared to carbon nanotubes (CNT), and demonstrates that the density and interaction of the additive with the active material are crucial for achieving long cycle life. The use of Ni as a conductive agent significantly increased the cycle life of secondary ZABs, delivering more than 2,400 cycles compared to only 88 cycles for carbon-based batteries.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Agnesia Permatasari, Muhammad Mara Ikhsan, Dirk Henkensmeier, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: This study explores the use of alginate-based membranes in aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs). Compared to pristine alginate membranes, the membranes treated with calcium chloride or organic solvents showed improved mechanical properties and voltage efficiency.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gyunho Park, Semin Eun, Wonmi Lee, Dirk Henkensmeier, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: New cost-effective aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) using anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS) and vanadium oxide sulfate (VOSO4) as anolyte and catholyte are suggested with polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes replacing the conventionally used Nafion membranes. The permeability of protons and hydrogen sulfate ions in PBI and Nafion membranes were measured to evaluate their conduction mechanism, and it was found that PBI has lower cation/anion selectivity than Nafion. ARFBs using 15, 30 and 45 μm thick PBI membranes showed stable discharge capacity with a fade rate of less than 3% after 100 cycles, with 30 μm thick PBI membrane being optimal due to its balanced ohmic resistance and few voids. ARFB using 30 μm thick PBI membrane exhibited excellent performance with energy efficiency of 70.1% and discharge capacity of 10.6 Ah L-1 during 100 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joonyoung Lee, Ki-Yoon Kim, Yongchai Kwon, Dahl-Young Khang
Summary: This study proposes stretchable enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) with high performance for power supply. The buckled gold electrodes increase the electrode surface area and catalyst loading, resulting in improved reaction rates. The evaluated EBFCs achieve a maximum power density of 7.1±0.64μW cm-2.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Estibaliz Garcia-Gaitan, Maria Carmen Morant-Minana, Domenico Frattini, Lorenza Maddalena, Alberto Fina, Claudio Gerbaldi, Igor Cantero, Nagore Ortiz-Vitoriano
Summary: This research presents a novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on pure agarose from seaweed, serving as a smart alternative to liquid and gel electrolytes, with excellent physicochemical and electrochemical properties. The agarose gel with 2 wt% agarose and 8 M KOH electrolyte exhibits outstanding ionic conductivity, water retention, and zinc utilization in primary and secondary zinc-air batteries. It shows high round-trip efficiency and improved cyclability under different cycling conditions, making it a potential benchmark for future GPE-based zinc-air batteries.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mingyu Shin, Sungmin Park, Kyuhwan Hyun, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: The capacity degradation mechanism of an all iron aqueous redox flow battery (ARFB) was analyzed using iron and 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2''-nitrilotriethanol (Fe(BIS-TRIS)) complex as the redox active material for the anolyte. It was found that capacity degradation occurs due to the contact of Fe(BIS-TRIS) with oxygen in air, as confirmed by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The self-discharge of Fe(BIS-TRIS) exposed to oxygen during the anolyte step promotes the decay of battery performance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Joonyoung Lee, Jungyeon Ji, Jae Jun Lee, Cheal Kim, Yongchai Kwon, Palaniappan Subramanian
Summary: This study predicts the redox potential differences of different functional groups of ferrocene derivatives using density functional theory and verifies the predictions through electrochemical evaluations. The results show that ferrocene derivatives with electron-donating groups have higher LUMO and HOMO energies compared to those with electron-withdrawing groups. Additionally, the redox potential of the ferrocene derivatives is linearly related to the onset potential of glucose oxidation reaction. Using ferrocene derivatives with electron-donating groups can significantly improve the maximum power density of enzymatic biofuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wonmi Lee, Gyunho Park, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have high efficiency and excellent durability, but are expensive. Cheap quinone RFBs (QRFBs) using anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid and tiron are introduced as an alternative. However, QRFBs require additional activation process. To address these issues, new RFBs using vanadium and tiron as active materials are suggested. The new RFBs have higher cell voltage and better capacity retention than VRFBs, and bismuth-based catalysts further increase their energy density.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Seon-Min Jeon, Jungyeon Ji, Yongchai Kwon
Summary: A new cathodic catalyst including hemin is suggested to improve the performance of flow-type hydrogen peroxide fuel cells. Buckypaper and polyethyleneimine are used to develop the hemin-based catalyst showing excellent catalytic activity. The catalyst increases the amount of immobilized hemin and the reactivity of the H2O2 reduction reaction, and it increases the onset potential due to the formation of the coordinate bond. For preparing membraneless fuel cells, flexible materials such as hemin-modified buckypaper, carbon cloth, and polyethylene terephthalate are used, achieving better results than previous studies.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Amarnath T. Sivagurunathan, T. Kavinkumar, Selvaraj Seenivasan, Yongchai Kwon, Do-Heyoung Kim
Summary: There is a current need for efficient electrochemical energy storage devices for electric vehicles. Supercapatteries, which combine the benefits of batteries and supercapacitors, are considered effective EES devices. Phosphorus-doped nickel cobalt boride is tested as an electrode material, demonstrating high specific capacity and high-rate capability.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.