Article
Pediatrics
Luca Massenzi, Roberto Aufieri, Silvia Donno, Rocco Agostino, Andrea Dotta
Summary: The survey revealed that SB is commonly used in treating MA in over half of Italian NICUs, with varying indications and prescription criteria among centers. It is important to prioritize identifying underlying disorders and reserve the use of SB for selected cases, while considering its severe adverse effects and lack of evidence regarding efficacy. Guidance for managing MA is needed to standardize practices and reduce potentially inappropriate and unsafe treatments.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Noorjahan Ali, Teresa Lam, Megan M. Gray, David Clausen, Melissa Riley, Theresa R. Grover, Taylor Sawyer
Summary: A study conducted in four quaternary NICUs found that only 1% of patients required CPR, with most cases being due to acute respiratory compromise. The majority of neonates requiring CPR were on mechanical ventilation, and factors associated with decreased survival included mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, or vasopressor therapy during the arrest, as well as certain arrest etiologies. The odds of survival to discharge decreased with longer duration of CPR, primarily cardiac arrest, and the administration of epinephrine during the arrest.
Article
Pediatrics
Joshua Hodgson, Aoife Hurley, Joe Fawke
Summary: This nationwide survey in the United Kingdom aimed to assess the quality and variation in Neonatal Induction Programmes for medical staff attending deliveries and delivering neonatal resuscitation. The study found that practitioners felt inadequately prepared and reported moderate-to-high levels of variation across different centers. Practical training and basic topics were considered more important and useful. Establishment of a locally determined programme within a framework of national standards/recommendations is preferred.
Article
Pediatrics
Marlies Bruckner, Mattias Neset, Catalina Garcia-Hidalgo, Tze-Fun Lee, Megan O'Reilly, Po-Yin Cheung, Georg M. Schmolzer
Summary: This study compared the effects of chest compression rates of 90/min and 180/min on the time to return of spontaneous circulation, survival, hemodynamic, and respiratory parameters in asphyxiated newborn piglets. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the time to return of spontaneous circulation and hemodynamic and respiratory parameters between the two compression rates.
Article
Pediatrics
Krystyna Ediger, Marghalara Rashid, Brenda Hiu Yan Law
Summary: This study explored healthcare providers' perception of teamwork in a specialized neonatal resuscitation team and identified communication, hierarchy, and leadership as positively perceived and facilitating teamwork. However, discomfort with speaking up was expressed by some nurses and trainees in this environment.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Rui P. Ribeiro, Filipa Flor-De-Lima, Henrique Soares, Gustavo Rocha, Hercilia Guimaraes
Summary: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and predictors of severity of thrombocytopenia in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The study found a strong association between sepsis and late onset presentation, as well as sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria and severe thrombocytopenia.
MINERVA PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Caroline Henry, Lara Shipley, Carole Ward, Siavash Mirahmadi, Chong Liu, Steve Morgan, John Crowe, James Carpenter, Barrie Hayes-Gill, Don Sharkey
Summary: An evaluation was conducted on a wireless, cap-mounted device for newborn heart rate monitoring, showing accurate measurements in the NICU and following ECS. The device demonstrated good performance compared to ECG, suggesting it could be a beneficial alternative for assessing newborn heart rates.
Article
Pediatrics
Linda Gai Rui Chen, Brenda Hiu Yan Law
Summary: Human factors of neonatal resuscitation equipment were evaluated through the comparison of different methods and devices, utilizing eye-tracking technology. The results showed that preparing the first dose of epinephrine was faster using a medication vial compared to an adult prefilled syringe, while the time for the second dose was similar. Equipment retrieval was faster with the Perinatal cart. Key findings included facilitators and threats to performance, as well as suggestions for improving equipment design.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Stephen F. Kingsmore, F. Sessions Cole
Summary: Genetic diseases are a leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality in the United States. Rapid genome sequencing has been developed to improve diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in neonatal intensive care units. It identifies pathogenic genomic variants, changes medical management, and predicts genetic risks.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Zeyao Shi, Xiaowen Li
Summary: This study compares the predictive ability and reliability of two pressure injury assessment tools, the Neonatal/Infant (N/I) Braden Q and Braden QD scale, in neonates. The results show that both scales are valid and reliable in predicting the risk of pressure injury in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), but the N/I Braden Q scale is better at distinguishing patients at risk and not at risk than the Braden QD scale.
INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jing Zhao, Zongtai Feng, Yun Dai, Wanxian Zhang, Siyuan Jiang, Yanchen Wang, Xinyue Gu, Jianhua Sun, Yun K. Cao, Shoo K. Lee, Xiuying Tian, Zuming Yang
Summary: This study aimed to describe the rates of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) use among preterm infants admitted to Chinese neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and explore the factors associated with ACS usage. The results showed that ACS use rates were low and varied significantly among different hospitals. Efforts are urgently needed to improve the usage of ACS.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Pari Singh, Sujata Deshpande, Rema Nagpal, Reema Garegrat, Samir Gupta, Pradeep Suryawanshi
Summary: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and management strategies used for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) in Indian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The survey found wide variability in the practices across Indian NICUs, with non-selective pulmonary vasodilators being more widely used than inhaled nitric oxide (iNO).
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Judith L. Hough, Jaimi Barton, Luke A. Jardine
Summary: The study evaluated the quality of neonatal ETT suction guidelines from all NICUs in Australia and New Zealand, finding that the overall methodological quality was low, with only a few guidelines being recommended for use, highlighting the need to improve guideline quality.
AUSTRALIAN CRITICAL CARE
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Alejandro Avila-Alvarez, Cesar W. Ruiz Campillo, Gonzalo Zeballos-Sarrato, Martin Iriondo-Sanz, Marta Thio
Summary: Documentation during neonatal resuscitation is usually paper-based, retrospective, inaccurate and unreliable. This narrative review discusses the strengths and pitfalls of current methods, as well as the challenges of introducing new technologies in this field. A proposed list of items for neonatal resuscitation documentation is provided.
MINERVA PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Corey Nason Reese, Jennifer M. S. Sucre, Hakan Sundell, Jeff Reese
Summary: This article introduces the distinguished career of Mildred T. Stahlman and her contributions to the field of neonatology. She was the first to establish a modern neonatal intensive care unit, using innovative techniques such as negative pressure ventilation and umbilical arterial and venous catheters for monitoring. She also trained numerous neonatologists from around the world.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ethics
Alberto Giubilini, Julian Savulescu, Jonathan Pugh, Dominic Wilkinson
Summary: The study provides ethical criteria for establishing the justifiability of vaccine mandates for healthcare workers, based on the utility of the vaccine for healthcare workers and patients, as well as the availability of alternative measures. The study argues that these mandates are not unfairly discriminatory and the level of coercion involved is ethically acceptable. However, the study concludes that there is currently insufficient evidence to justify COVID-19 vaccine mandates for healthcare workers.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Hazem Zohny, Ben Davies, Dominic Wilkinson
Summary: This article discusses the potential justifications for employing affirmative action (AA) in healthcare, particularly in the context of the pandemic. It specifically focuses on AA in healthcare resource allocation (AARA), exploring whether the rationales used for race-based prioritization policies in education and employment apply to the COVID-19 pandemic. The article examines the differences between AA and AARA, as well as the implications of AARA for allocating vaccines and ventilators. It also considers practical approaches to implementing AARA and addresses key objections.
Editorial Material
Ethics
Jonathan Pugh, Julian Savulescu, Rebecca C. H. Brown, Dominic Wilkinson
Summary: The authors express gratitude towards the commentators of their feature article and acknowledge the important questions raised regarding natural immunity exemptions to COVID-19 vaccine mandates. They agree with some points, such as the US-centric considerations and the need for clear justifications and supporting data for mandates. Due to space constraints, the article focuses on discussing hybrid immunity and addresses concerns about the appropriate standard of proof.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2022)
Book Review
Ethics
Dominic Wilkinson
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Angus Livingstone, Laurent Servais, Dominic J. C. Wilkinson
Summary: In the past decade, crowdfunding has become a common way to raise funds for the treatment of rare disorders. However, it also raises ethical concerns. This review focuses on the ethical challenges crowdfunding poses in pediatric neurology, using gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy as an example. The article discusses the responsibilities of physicians and suggests actions that can be taken to reduce harms.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Ethics
Dominic J. C. Wilkinson
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS
(2022)
Article
Ethics
Dominic J. C. Wilkinson
Article
Ethics
Laura Gilbertson, Julian Savulescu, Justin Oakley, Dominic Wilkinson
Summary: Despite advances in palliative care, some patients still suffer significantly at the end of life. Terminal Sedation (TS) and Expanded TS (ETS) are used to alleviate suffering in dying patients, with ETS being used in cases that fall outside the usual limits. This paper explores and defends the moral permissibility of ETS in jurisdictions where assisted dying is lawful.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Dominic Wilkinson
Summary: Is it ethical to prevent patients from making choices that will harm themselves in the future? This paper explores Derek Parfit's arguments that challenge the distinction between harm to self and harm to others. It discusses cases of treatment refusal by capacitous patients and examines different forms of paternalism based on a reductionist view of personal identity. The author proposes an Identity Relative Paternalistic Intervention Principle and considers objections to this principle. While not always justifying intervention, there is a stronger ethical case for preventing harm to future selves than often recognized.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Alexandra Barry, Trisha Prentice, Dominic Wilkinson
Summary: There have been changes in both the causes of death and approaches to withdrawal of treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over the past four decades. The majority of infants now die after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, and deaths from chromosomal abnormalities, complications related to prematurity, and severe birth asphyxia have decreased.
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuya Takaguchi, Andreas Kappes, James M. Yearsley, Tsutomu Sawai, Dominic J. C. Wilkinson, Julian Savulescu
Summary: Driverless cars have the potential to significantly reduce collisions and casualties on the roads, but there is controversy surrounding how they should be programmed to respond in unavoidable collisions. A study comparing the views of the general public in the UK and Japan found striking differences, with UK respondents preferring cars that prioritize saving lives while Japanese respondents preferred cars that prioritize saving pedestrians. The study suggests that providing a personal ethical setting may be the optimal approach for driverless cars to achieve the highest uptake.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andreas Kappes, Hazem Zohny, Julian Savulescu, Ilina Singh, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Dominic Wilkinson
Summary: This study examined the attitudes of US/UK adults towards COVID-19 ventilator and vaccine allocation. The results showed that participant race did not affect vaccine or ventilator allocation decisions in the USA, but did impact ventilator allocation attitudes in the UK. In addition, the study found that participants' racial bias was strongly associated with race-based ventilator and vaccine allocations.
Editorial Material
Ethics
Dominic Wilkinson, John Fraser, Jacky Suen, Mioko Kasagi Suzuki, Julian Savulescu
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Ethics
Dominic Wilkinson, Laura Gilbertson, Justin Oakley, Julian Savulescu
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Ethics
Dominic Wilkinson
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
