期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 16, 2020
卷 16, 期 -, 页码 187-212出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095744
关键词
chronic pain; behavior; motivation; learning; conditioning; fear avoidance
资金
- Asthenes research program From Acute Aversive Sensations to Chronic Bodily Symptoms [METH/15/011]
- Flemish government, Belgium
Pain is considered a hardwired signal of bodily disturbance belonging to a basic motivational system that urges the individual to act and to restore the body's integrity, rather than just a sensory and emotional experience. Given its eminent survival value, pain is a strong motivator for learning. Response to repeated pain increases when harm risks are high (sensitization) and decreases in the absence of such risks (habituation). Discovering relations between pain and other events provides the possibility to predict (Pavlovian conditioning) and control (operant conditioning) harmful events. Avoidance is adaptive in the short term but paradoxically may have detrimental long-term effects. Pain and pain-related responses compete with other demands in the environment. Exposure-based treatments share the aim of facilitating or restoring the pursuit of individual valued life goals in the face of persistent pain, and further improvements in pain treatment may require a paradigm shift toward more personalized approaches.
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