期刊
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
卷 59, 期 11, 页码 4478-4483出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913625
关键词
dyes; pigments; mechanochemistry; imides; solid-state reactions; synthetic methods
资金
- EPSRC [EP/L019655/1, IAA 1718-04-1117]
- EPSRC [EP/L019655/1] Funding Source: UKRI
A continuous, scalable, and solvent-free method for the synthesis of various naphthalic imides and perylene diimides (PDIs) using twin-screw extrusion (TSE) is reported. Using TSE, naphthalic imides were obtained quantitatively without the need for excess amine reactant or product purification. With good functional-group tolerance, alkyl and benzyl amine derived PDIs (incl. commercial dyes) were obtained in 50-99 % yield. Use of K2CO3, enabled synthesis of more difficult aniline-derived PDIs. Furthermore, an automated continuous TSE process for Pigments Black 31 and 32 is demonstrated, with a throughput rate of about 1500 g day(-1), corresponding to a space time yield of about 30x10(3) kg m(-3) day(-1), which is 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than for solvent-based batch methods. These methods provide substantial waste reductions and improved efficiency compared to conventional solvent-based methods.
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