Determination of the Distance Between the Cytochrome and Dehydrogenase Domains of Immobilized Cellobiose Dehydrogenase by Using Surface Plasmon Resonance with a Center of Mass Based Model

Changes in the tertiary conformation of adsorbed biomolecules can induce detectable shifts (Delta theta(r)) in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) angle. Here it is shown how to calculate the corresponding shifts in the adsorbate's center of mass (Delta z(avg)) along the sensing surface normal from the measured Delta theta(r). The novel developed model was used for determining the mean distance between the cytochrome (CYT) and flavodehydrogenase (DH) domains of the enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) isolated from the fungi Neurospora crassa, Corynascus thermophilus, and Myriococcum thermophilum as a function of pH, [Ca2+], and substrate concentration. SPR confirmed the results from earlier electrochemical and SAXS studies stating that the closed conformation, where the two domains are in close vicinity, is stabilized by a lower pH and an increased [Ca2+]. Interestingly, an increasing substrate concentration in the absence of any electron acceptors stabilizes the open conformation as the electrostatic repulsion due to the reaped electrons pushes the DH and CYT domains apart. The accuracy of distance determination was limited mostly by the random fluctuations between replicate measurements, and it was possible to detect movements <1 nm of the domains with respect to each other. The results agreed with calculations using already established models treating conformational changes as contraction or expansion of the thickness of the adsorbate layer (t(protein)). Although the models yielded equivalent results, in this case, the Delta z(avg)-based method also works in situations, where the adsorbate's mass is not evenly distributed within the layer.