Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Qianqian Wang, Min Guo, Yang Liu, Mengshu Xu, Liuting Shi, Xiu Li, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang, Wei Chen
Summary: This study found that certain strains of Bifidobacterium can reduce the production of plasma TMAO and modulate the gut microbiota. These strains may have therapeutic potential for preventing TMAO-related diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Margaret Vourakis, Gaetan Mayer, Guy Rousseau
Summary: Hypercholesterolemia plays a causal role in atherosclerosis development and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The microbiota may be involved in metabolic and inflammatory processes related to various diseases. Microbial derived metabolites are crucial for cardiovascular health but dysregulation can contribute to CVD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xianping Li, Yuchun Xiao, Yuanming Huang, Liqiong Song, Mengde Li, Zhihong Ren
Summary: This study demonstrates that the use of Lactobacillus gasseri RW2014 probiotics can lower blood cholesterol levels and improve fatty liver. The study also found that LGA can reduce levels of inflammatory factors, increase levels of short-chain fatty acids, and alter the composition of gut microbiota. Additionally, LGA regulates bile acid metabolism. These findings suggest that LGA may lower cholesterol by modulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota composition.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dongqin Wei, Yizhou Li, Meng Che, Chaowei Li, Qiong Wu, Chao Sun
Summary: It has been reported that aging-induced changes in the gut microbiota may promote hepatic lipid dysmetabolism by shaping the pattern of secondary bile acids. Melatonin treatment reverses these effects and inhibits the expression of hepatic FXR, leading to a decrease in hepatic TMAO production and relief of hepatic lipid dysmetabolism.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lirong Lei, Ning Zhao, Lei Zhang, Jiamei Chen, Xiaomin Liu, Shenghua Piao
Summary: Dyslipidemia, a common metabolic disease, is closely related to gut microbiota disorder. This paper reviews the research and reveals that the interaction between diet and gut microbiota is one of the main factors causing dyslipidemia. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanism of gut microbiota regulating dyslipidemia is summarized, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Lesley Hoyles, Matthew G. Pontifex, Ildefonso Rodriguez-Ramiro, M. Areeb Anis-Alavi, Khadija S. Jelane, Tom Snelling, Egle Solito, Sonia Fonseca, Ana L. Carvalho, Simon R. Carding, Michael Muller, Robert C. Glen, David Vauzour, Simon McArthur
Summary: The study shows that methylamine substances can directly affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in mammals by improving its function through regulation of tight junction proteins. Long-term exposure to trimethylamine N-oxide helps protect cognitive function, reducing astrocyte and microglial reactivity in specific brain regions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel A. J. Trammell, Luke F. Gamon, Kamil Gotfryd, Katja Thoroe Michler, Bandar D. Alrehaili, Iben Rix, Filip K. Knop, Pontus Gourdon, Yoon-Kwang Lee, Michael J. Davies, Matthew P. Gillum, Trisha J. Grevengoed
Summary: The study demonstrates that NATs, bioactive lipids involved in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, are synthesized in human and mouse livers. The hepatic NAT synthase activity depends on BAAT, which expands the known substrates of BAAT beyond classic bile acids. This finding enhances our understanding of lipid metabolism and the role of bioactive lipids.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Wei Zhang, Xiao Yu Dong, Rui Huang
Summary: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of death and long-term disability globally. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, which are the main risk factors for IS. IS may lead to gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability, resulting in harmful effects on organs such as the brain.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex Zaufel, Sandra M. W. van de Wiel, Lu Yin, Gunter Fauler, Daphne Chien, Xinzhong Dong, John F. Gilmer, Jennifer K. Truong, Paul A. Dawson, Stan F. J. van de Graaf, Peter Fickert, Tarek Moustafa
Summary: Secondary (iso) BAs cooperatively activate FXR in the presence of endogenous BAs, which is important to consider in diseases linked to disturbances in BA enterohepatic cycling; the study shows that UDCA is only effective in the presence of endogenous FXR ligands.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dasheng Lu, Xinyue Zou, Hongxiang Zhang
Summary: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition. The incidence of AF has increased rapidly due to aging population, imposing a significant burden on society and patients. Therefore, it is important to identify prevention and treatment strategies for AF. Several studies have explored the occurrence, development mechanism, and intervention measures of AF. The human gut microbiota, which consists of non-pathogenic microorganisms, plays a crucial role in the construction and function of the metabolic and immune systems. Recent clinical studies and basic experiments have demonstrated the involvement of gut microbiota and its metabolites in metabolic disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the gut microbiota has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. However, the relationship between AF and gut microbiota remains unclear. This review summarizes relevant literature on the association between AF and intestinal flora and its metabolites, including Trimethylamine N-Oxide, short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, and bile acids. Therefore, this review may contribute to further advancements in related research.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yulia Shulpekova, Elena Shirokova, Maria Zharkova, Pyotr Tkachenko, Igor Tikhonov, Alexander Stepanov, Alexandra Sinitsyna, Alexander Izotov, Tatyana Butkova, Nadezhda Shulpekova, Vladimir Nechaev, Igor Damulin, Alexey Okhlobystin, Vladimir Ivashkin
Summary: Bile acids play crucial physiological roles in the human body. They are essential for the absorption and excretion of nutrients and also act as sensors for intestinal contents, regulating their effects through processes such as intestinal absorption. Bile acids have significant impacts on liver function, cholesterol synthesis, and detoxification of xenobiotics. Their synthesis and regulation in different parts of the digestive tract are vital, as is their interaction with the intestinal microbiota.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manman Lu, Yuhui Yang, Yuncong Xu, Xiaoyue Wang, Bo Li, Guowei Le, Yanli Xie
Summary: Dietary methionine restriction (MR) can reduce plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels by manipulating gut microbiota in mice. MR decreases the ability of gut microbiota to produce trimethylamine (TMA), reduces TMA levels and expression of choline TMA-lyase (CutC) in the intestine, and increases the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ayodeji Awoyemi, Cristiane Mayerhofer, Alex S. Felix, Johannes R. Hov, Samuel D. Moscavitch, Knut Tore Lappegard, Anders Hovland, Sigrun Halvorsen, Bente Halvorsen, Ida Gregersen, Asbjorn Svardal, Rolf K. Berge, Simen H. Hansen, Alexandra Gotz, Kristian Holm, Pal Aukrust, Sissel Akra, Ingebjorg Seljeflot, Svein Solheim, Andrea Lorenzo, Lars Gullestad, Marius Troseid, Kaspar Broch
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii and rifaximin on LVEF and microbiota in HF patients. The results showed that three months of treatment did not significantly affect LVEF, microbiota diversity, or measured biomarkers.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yu Wang, Zhiyi Ai, Xinyue Xing, Yuling Fan, Yue Zhang, Bo Nan, Xia Li, Yuhua Wang, Jingsheng Liu
Summary: High-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders are a serious public health problem worldwide, causing significant economic and social burden. The use of safe probiotics isolated from nature is considered a novel supplementary strategy for preventing and improving these disorders. This review provides a critical perspective on the regulatory function of probiotics in high fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders, summarizing the latest research. The review also outlines the screening criteria and general sources of lipid-lowering probiotics to promote the development of functional foods from nature.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristen L. James, Erik R. Gertz, Catherine P. Kirschke, Hooman Allayee, Liping Huang, Mary E. Kable, John W. Newman, Charles B. Stephensen, Brian J. Bennett
Summary: In this study, a mixed macronutrient tolerance test was conducted to investigate the changes in plasma TMAO levels in response to different factors. It was found that TMAO levels increased with age in females but not in males. The relationship between TMAO levels and fecal microbiome and FMO3 genotype was limited, while a strong correlation between TMAO levels and TNF-alpha was observed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jade M. Sands, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Michael O. Wellington, Josiane C. Panisson, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: The provision of creep feed, regardless of type, increased the growth of piglets in the final week pre-weaning and immediate week post-weaning, but this effect was not sustained at the end of the nursery period. Piglets showed no preference for creep feed type.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jude S. Morton, Breanna Patton, Cameron J. Morse, Zeyad El Karsh, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Darrell D. Mousseau, David P. Ferguson, Daniel A. Columbus, Lynn P. Weber, T. Dylan Olver
Summary: Full-term low birthweight offspring exhibit cerebrovascular dysfunction, characterized by altered cerebral hemodynamics, endothelial dysfunction, and altered vasomotor control.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lucas A. Rodrigues, Michael O. Wellington, J. Caroline Gonzalez-Vega, John K. Htoo, Andrew G. Van Kessel, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: Supplementing functional amino acids (FAA) improves gut health and antioxidant defense in pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). This study shows that ileal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity is increased following FAA supplementation, and it is correlated with systemic markers of antioxidant defense. Therefore, developing feeding strategies to enhance IAP activity is important for gut and overall health.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suzanne Phelan, James Roake, Noemi Alarcon, Sarah M. Ng, Hunter Glanz, Michelle Cardel, Gary D. Foster
Summary: This study identified major themes of long-term weight-loss maintenance among a large cohort. Factors triggering weight loss included medical status, appearance, mobility, social prompts, and the need for change. Current motivations for weight-loss maintenance were looking back at experiences at higher weight and health/appearance concerns. The study found that perseverance in the face of setbacks and consistency in tracking were key recommendations for weight-loss maintenance. The rewards for weight management included improved confidence, pain, mobility, fitness, body image, medical status, and affect.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Cara L. Cargo-Froom, Rex W. Newkirk, Christopher P. F. Marinangeli, Anna K. Shoveller, Yongfeng Ai, Elijah G. Kiarie, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: This study aimed to understand the effects of processing on pulses, and found that grinding increased crude protein content, while pelleting increased certain amino acid content. However, the specific effects varied across different ingredient types.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. A. Rodrigues, J. C. Panisson, L. A. Kpogo, J. C. Gonzalez-Vega, J. K. Htoo, A. G. Van Kessel, D. A. Columbus
Summary: Previous work has shown that dietary supplementation with key functional amino acids (FAA) improves growth performance and immune status of disease-challenged normal birth weight (NBW) pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of birth weight and FAA supplementation on Salmonella-challenged pigs. The results showed that FAA supplementation can attenuate the effects of Salmonella infection in NBW pigs, but not in low birth weight (LBW) pigs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lucas A. Rodrigues, Josiane C. Panisson, Andrew G. Van Kessel, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: The study indicated that adding animal-based protein sources can improve the growth performance and immune status of weaned pigs during subsequent disease challenges, while supplementing functional amino acids in nursery diets containing only plant-based proteins can partially mitigate the effects of disease challenges.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Olufemi O. Babatunde, Cara L. Cargo-Froom, Yongfeng Ai, Rex W. Newkirk, Christopher P. F. Marinangeli, Anna K. Shoveller, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: Starch and fibre play a role in the energy components and functionality of feed ingredients. Processing can impact carbohydrate content, requiring accurate formulation of feed. Grinding reduced starch and fibre content in certain pulses, while pelleting had variable effects on dietary fibre content. Finely processed soybean meal had higher starch and fibre content compared to coarse processing. This study highlights the potential impact of processing on the composition of starch and fibre in feed ingredients.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Michael O. Wellington, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Melissa A. Quinn, Josiane C. Panisson, David P. Ferguson, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: The objective of this study was to characterize developmental differences in low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets with or without pre-weaning nutrient restriction using serum metabolomic profile analysis. The results demonstrated that LBW piglets had lower levels of essential amino acids and metabolites associated with energy production compared to NBW piglets at day 28, indicating an energy-survival state in LBW piglets. At day 56, LBW piglets showed increased utilization of fatty acids and impairment in glucose tolerance, which could not be resolved with nutrition intervention.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Josiane C. C. Panisson, Michael O. O. Wellington, Michael A. A. Bosompem, Veronika Nagl, Heidi E. E. Schwartz-Zimmermann, Daniel A. A. Columbus
Summary: Pigs' health and growth performance are negatively affected by exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON). The measurement of DON in feed and diets is inconsistent due to the uneven distribution of mycotoxins and difficulties in obtaining representative samples. However, this study found that analyzing DON levels in urine and blood serum can be used to predict a pig's DON intake, as there is a positive correlation between DON intake and urinary and serum DON concentrations when samples are collected under controlled conditions.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. L. Cargo-Froom, F. Tansil, D. A. Columbus, C. P. F. Marinangeli, E. G. Kiarie, A. K. Shoveller
Summary: This study aimed to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of protein and amino acids (AA) of three Canadian grown pulses and calculate their digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS). Eight cannulated growing pigs were fed different steam-pelleted diets and the SID values were used to calculate DIAAS. The results showed no differences in SID of protein and AA among the diets. The limiting indispensable AA for all pulses was tryptophan. These findings provide insights into the protein quality of pulses for both swine and humans.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Olufemi O. Babatunde, Cara L. Cargo-Froom, Yongfeng Ai, Rex W. Newkirk, Christopher P. F. Marinangeli, Anna K. Shoveller, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: Pulses are alternative sources of protein and carbohydrates for the animal industry and their nutrient profile needs to be accurately evaluated during processing. Extrusion was used to process Amarillo peas, Dun peas, chickpeas, faba beans, lentils, and soybean meal. Results showed that extrusion decreased starch content in Amarillo and Dun peas, but increased it in faba beans, lentils, and soybean meal. Soluble dietary fiber content increased in all pulses and soybean meal except chickpeas. Overall, extrusion had positive effects on starch and soluble dietary fiber content in most pulses, while its effects on other fiber components varied.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ashley C. McPeek, Breanna Patton, Daniel A. Columbus, T. Dylan Olver, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Jade M. Sands, Lynn P. Weber, David P. Ferguson
Summary: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in humans, and early life growth-restriction increases the risk of heart disease in adulthood. This study examines the effects of low birth weight and restricted nutrition after birth on cardiac function in neonatal pigs. The findings suggest that adequate refeeding can reverse cardiac dysfunction caused by restricted nutrition, but low birth weight leads to irreversible cardiac dysfunction, despite proper refeeding in neonatal pigs.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Carley M. Camire, Michael O. Wellington, Josiane C. Panisson, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Anna K. Shoveller, Daniel A. Columbus
Summary: Low protein diets supplemented with essential amino acids can reduce excess supply of amino acids and nitrogen to pigs. However, these diets may limit non-essential amino acids and nitrogen, affecting the utilization of essential amino acids for nitrogen retention. The EAA-N:total N ratio can indicate the adequacy of dietary nitrogen. This study found that the E:T ratio and lysine content have a significant impact on nitrogen retention. Low ratio diets had higher nitrogen retention, while increasing lysine content linearly increased nitrogen retention in both low and high ratio diets. The results suggest that a high E:T ratio diet may limit nitrogen retention and supplying additional dietary nitrogen can increase lysine requirement.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Suzanne Grossman, Julia M. Alber, Dayna S. Henry, David Askay, Hunter Glanz, Erika Marts, Anna Ostrander
Summary: This study examined prevention and coping content related to COVID-19 on social media platforms. The findings suggest that there is variation in strategies for reducing risk and coping among different platforms.
JOURNAL OF CONSUMER HEALTH ON THE INTERNET
(2022)