Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Konstantina Flouda, Bente Gammelgaard, Michael J. Davies, Clare L. Hawkins
Summary: The study highlighted the potential of thiocyanate (SCN-) and selenium analogues to decrease hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced cellular damage in chronic inflammatory pathologies, like atherosclerosis. SCN- and selenocyanate (SeCN-) showed effective protection against HOCl-induced damage, with SeMet being less effective. These findings suggest the use of SCN- and selenium analogues as scavengers to reduce tissue damage caused by inflammatory processes.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Rong Tian, Zeran Jin, Lan Zhou, Xing-Ping Zeng, Naihao Lu
Summary: The study found that quercetin effectively inhibited MPO-mediated HOCl generation and cytotoxicity to vascular endothelial cells. Quercetin limited MPO/H2O2-dependent HOCl production by inhibiting MPO activity, reducing H2O2 generation in endothelial cells, and acting as a competitive substrate for MPO.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Line A. E. Hallberg, Nicoline W. Thorsen, Els A. Hartsema, Per M. Hagglund, Clare L. Hawkins
Summary: Histones play a critical role in packaging nuclear DNA and chromatin assembly. They can undergo a range of post-translational modifications, which affect their regulatory function. Histones can also be released into the extracellular environment through pathways such as neutrophil extracellular traps. This study investigates the reactivity of histones with hypochlorous acid and the potential implications for chronic inflammatory diseases.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Celia Maria Curieses Andres, Jose Manuel Perez de la Lastra, Celia Andres Juan, Francisco J. Plou, Eduardo Perez-Lebena
Summary: This review discusses the formation of hypochlorous acid HOCl and the role of reactive chlorinated species (RCS) catalyzed by the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO. The reactions of RCS with various organic molecules and the chemical mechanisms of chlorinated derivatives formation are described. The review also examines the presence of RCS in various pathologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronika E. Reut, Stanislav O. Kozlov, Igor Kudryavtsev, Natalya A. Grudinina, Valeria A. Kostevich, Nikolay P. Gorbunov, Daria Grigorieva, Julia A. Kalvinkovskaya, Sergey B. Bushuk, Elena Yu Varfolomeeva, Natalia D. Fedorova, Irina Gorudko, Oleg M. Panasenko, Vadim B. Vasilyev, Alexey Sokolov
Summary: This paper introduces a fluorescent probe called Celestine Blue B (CB), which can be used for HOCl detection in living cells and for assaying the chlorinating activity of MPO. The probe shows remarkable selectivity and sensitivity, and has a rapid response to HOCl. It can also detect endogenous HOCl and reactive halogenated species using various techniques.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hongying Peng, Shi Shi, Zhenni Lu, Lingyan Liu, Shuxin Peng, Peng Wei, Tao Yi
Summary: Selenium plays an important role in treating diseases, but current selenium delivery systems face challenges. Researchers have created a reactive organic selenium delivery platform by activating HOCl to release hypochloroselenoite derivatives with higher reactivity. These compounds can react with various nucleophiles and participate in specific life processes, making it significant for expanding the application of selenium-containing compounds and treating related diseases.
BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Konstantina Flouda, John Mercer, Michael J. Davies, Clare L. Hawkins
Summary: This study demonstrates that HOCl reacts rapidly with cells, causing cell death, while HOSCN reacts more slowly, with cell death occurring only after prolonged incubation. HOCl also influences mitochondrial respiration, decreases glycolysis, lactate release, ATP production, cellular thiols, and glutathione levels.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fengying Yuan, Bingya Wang, Ji-Ting Hou, Jiali Li, Jianliang Shen, Yi Duan, Wen Xiu Ren, Shan Wang
Summary: In this study, we proposed a HOCl-specific fluorescent probe for monitoring liver fibrosis (LF) progression. The probe has the advantages of easy preparation, high selectivity, superb sensitivity, rapid response, and good membrane permeability, and can monitor delicate changes in cellular HOCl levels and discriminate different cell types. Experimental results indicate the potential of HOCl as a unique biomarker for LF detection and clinical diagnosis.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Jia Ke, Peixu Zhao, Jianfeng Li, Qiang Fu
Summary: In this study, a two-photon fluorogenic probe named Q-HOCl was used for the specific and sensitive detection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. The probe showed excellent selectivity and rapid response to HOCl, with a detection limit of 12.5 nM. The elevated level of HOCl in AD brains compared to normal brains was observed, and treatment with an MPO inhibitor effectively improved the cognitive ability of AD model mice.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Spiro D. Jorga, Yutong Wang, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Summary: High loadings of biomass burning aerosol particles from wildfire or residential heating sources can deposit onto surfaces and interact with oxidants. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), emitted during cleaning with chlorine-cleaning agents, can form organochlorine pollutants when exposed to wood smoke aerosol particles. Unsaturated species in wood smoke such as coniferaldehyde and furfural react efficiently with HOCl. The presence of biomass burning emissions suppresses active chlorine recycling in the outdoor environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhe Liu, Guangze Mou, Zhiming Liang, Rui Zhao, Chenghao Jin, Rui Wu
Summary: The study found that selenomethionine (SeMet) can alleviate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing antioxidant levels and inhibiting the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yihe Wang, Astrid Hammer, Gerald Hoefler, Ernst Malle, Clare L. Hawkins, Christine Y. Chuang, Michael J. Davies
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque formation in arterial walls. The study found that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chloramines can specifically modify aggrecan, a proteoglycan involved in atherogenesis. These modifications, different from those induced by ADAMTS1, can lead to irreversible protein cross-links. The findings also showed colocalization of aggrecan and HOCl-generated epitopes in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yihe Wang, Christine Y. Chuang, Clare L. Hawkins, Michael J. Davies
Summary: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) plays a crucial role in the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This study demonstrates that MMP9 can be activated by both chloramines and oxidation. The activation of MMP9 and ECM degradation are interdependent processes that may contribute to the progression of diseases.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Santino J. Stropoli, Kim Greis, Tim Schleif, Mark A. Johnson
Summary: In this study, the reaction between deprotonated methionine water clusters and hypochlorous acid was investigated using cryogenic ion vibrational spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. The results showed that the presence of water molecules attached to the reactant anion is necessary for the capture of the methionine sulfoxide oxidation product in the gas phase. The vibrational spectrum confirmed the oxidation of the sulfide group of methionine. Additionally, the vibrational spectrum revealed the formation of an exit-channel complex in which the Cl- product ion is bound to the COOH group following the reaction of hypochlorous acid with methionine water clusters.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yabin Li, Jingyao Qi, Jimin Shen, Binyuan Wang, Jing Kang, Pengwei Yan, Yizhen Cheng, Li Li, Linlu Shen, Zhonglin Chen
Summary: This study demonstrates that high concentrations of Cl- play a critical role in the degradation of bisphenol S (BPS) using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by 16%-CoFe2O4@PAL (16%-CFO@PAL). The presence of 0.5 M and 1.0 M Cl- significantly enhances the removal of BPS, resulting in a 6-fold and 7-fold increase in the removal rate constants compared to the control. The dominant species for BPS removal under high Cl- conditions is hypothesized to be HOCl. Toxicity assessment experiments show that BPS has negative effects on hormone levels, testis, and liver of zebrafish, which can be reduced using the 16%-CFO@PAL/PMS system.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dayanne Mozaner Bordin, David Bishop, Eduardo Geraldo de Campos, Lucas Blanes, Philip Doble, Claude Roux, Bruno Spinosa De Martinis
Summary: This study developed and validated a method to detect the presence of 13 amphetamine- and cocaine-related substances and their metabolites in urine and sweat. Sweat, as an alternative sample matrix, provides advantages such as reduced chance for sample adulteration, longer detection time window, and non-invasive collection.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kathy Tou, Adam Cawley, Christopher Bowen, David P. Bishop, Shanlin Fu
Summary: The current approach to equine anti-doping focuses on targeted detection, but there is a need for complementary monitoring methods to ensure integrity in the racing industry. Lipidomics, a growing field, has potential in characterizing lipids and their effects in the equine system. Eicosanoids, a class of lipids, have been studied as potential inflammatory markers for monitoring in equine anti-doping.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roger Pamphlett, Michael E. Buckland, David P. Bishop
Summary: We examined the distribution of potentially toxic elements in the brains of MS patients and controls. Toxicants were detected in the locus ceruleus, suggesting past exposures. Metal toxicants weaken the blood-brain barrier and enter astrocytes and oligodendroglia, leading to demyelination.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mathias Jensen, Nicoline W. Thorsen, Line A. E. Hallberg, Per Hagglund, Clare L. Hawkins
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release plays a key role in chronic diseases like atherosclerosis, but the release of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) and their composition are less understood. This study investigated MET release from human THP-1 macrophages exposed to different stimuli and discovered that METs were composed of histones, various proteins involved in different cellular processes, and the absence of proteases. These findings provide new insights into the implications of MET formation in immune defense and pathology.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
David S. Gertner, David P. Bishop, Matthew P. Padula
Summary: Phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositol phosphates are closely related lipids that have been found to impact various cellular functions and are correlated with the development and progression of diseases. The analysis of these compounds is challenging due to their unique chemical characteristics, and current lipidomics methods are unsuitable. In this study, a new method was developed to enable the sensitive and simultaneous analysis of phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositol phosphates, allowing for the identification of 148 species. This analysis was able to differentiate four distinct canola cultivars based on their phosphatidylinositide-lipidome, suggesting the potential use of lipidomic profiles in studying disease development and progression.
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roger Pamphlett, David P. P. Bishop
Summary: Multiple sclerosis and major neurodegenerative disorders may have both genetic and environmental causes, with toxic metals being implicated as potential triggers for these conditions. This hypothesis suggests that damage to selective neurons from toxic metals causes dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, leading to the entry of circulating toxicants that damage cells in the nervous system. The type of neurological disorder that arises depends on various factors, including which neurons are damaged, genetic variants, exposure levels and durations, and the mixture of toxic metals. Further research is needed to support this hypothesis, but taking steps to reduce environmental toxic metal pollution is recommended to protect the nervous system.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Seyed Mostafa Hosseinpour Mashkani, David P. Bishop, Newsha Raoufi-Rad, Paul A. Adlard, Olga Shimoni, S. Mojtaba Golzan
Summary: A mis-metabolism of transition metals in the brain has been recognized as a precursor event for aggregation of Amyloid-beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease. This study examined whether changes in the metal load in the hippocampus and cortex are also reflected in the retina, which is an accessible extension of the central nervous system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yihe Wang, Astrid Hammer, Gerald Hoefler, Ernst Malle, Clare L. Hawkins, Christine Y. Chuang, Michael J. Davies
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque formation in arterial walls. The study found that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chloramines can specifically modify aggrecan, a proteoglycan involved in atherogenesis. These modifications, different from those induced by ADAMTS1, can lead to irreversible protein cross-links. The findings also showed colocalization of aggrecan and HOCl-generated epitopes in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Line A. E. Hallberg, Kristine Barlous, Clare L. Hawkins
Summary: Extracellular traps, known as NETs, are released by neutrophils and other immune cells as part of the innate immune response and are associated with various pathological conditions. This study investigated the efficacy of different antioxidant approaches in modulating the release of NETs. The results showed that thiocyanate, selenocyanate, and nitroxides could prevent NETosis in neutrophils when exposed to certain stimuli. These findings provide new insights into the potential use of MPO inhibitors and HOCl scavengers to prevent pathological NETosis.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Monique G. Mello, Mika T. Westerhausen, Thomas E. Lockwood, Prashina Singh, Jonathan Wanagat, David P. Bishop
Summary: Immuno-mass spectrometry imaging is a method used to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution of biomolecules using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and lanthanide-conjugated antibodies. The effects of immunolabelling and coverslipping on the concentrations of endogenous metals and Gd-conjugated antibodies were investigated using cryofixed muscle sections. Immunolabelling steps were found to impact the concentration of endogenous elements, and separate histological sections were recommended for quantitative analysis. Additionally, organic mounting media were suggested for coverslipping tissue sections to maintain the integrity of the elemental label.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas E. Lockwood, Richard B. Banati, Chandima Nikagolla, Jake P. Violi, David P. Bishop
Summary: Toxic heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, and lead, may play a role in the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. This study investigated the concentrations of essential and toxic elements in traditional rice varieties regularly grown in a CKDu hotspot. The results showed potentially unsafe concentrations of cadmium in one store-bought sample and revealed the distribution of lead and cadmium in the rice grains. Traditional rice varieties were found to have higher levels of essential elements compared to non-traditional varieties.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jianfei He, Christine Y. Chuang, Clare L. Hawkins, Michael J. Davies, Per Hagglund
Summary: The extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues is formed by proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue integrity. Peroxynitrite, an oxidant produced during inflammation, can modify fibronectin and impair its function. This study investigated the effects of peroxynitrite on the structure of ECM and its interactions with cellular components. The results suggest that peroxynitrite can influence ECM structure and may have implications in pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sercan Pravadali-Cekic, Aleksandar Vojvodic, Jake P. Violi, Simon M. Mitrovic, Kenneth J. Rodgers, David P. Bishop
Summary: This study presents a newly developed and validated method for the detection and quantification of BMAA, its isomers, and major MCs using RP LC-MS/MS. The application of this method on a culture of Microcystis aeruginosa resulted in the simultaneous detection of 2,4-DAB and MC-YR. The study provides a unified method for the quantitative analysis of these cyanotoxins in natural environmental samples.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuqi Xu, Christine Y. Chuang, Clare L. Hawkins, Per Hagglund, Michael J. Davies
Summary: Peroxynitrous acid/peroxynitrite (ONOOH/ONOO ¡) is a powerful oxidizing/nitrating system formed at sites of inflammation, which can modify biological targets, particularly proteins. This study found that multiple proteins from primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells are nitrated, with various modifications occurring on cellular and extracellular matrix proteins. The nitration occurs both endogenously and exogenously, and it may have significant effects on cell and protein function, potentially contributing to the development and exacerbation of diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jake P. Violi, Lisa Pu, Sercan Pravadali-Cekic, David P. Bishop, Connor R. Phillips, Kenneth J. Rodgers
Summary: The cyanobacterial neurotoxin BMAA had a profound effect on intracellular amino acid levels in human neuroblastoma cells at specific time points, but homeostasis was restored in most cases. Supplementation with L-serine protected against BMAA toxicity. Amino acids potentially involved in protection against BMAA-induced oxidation were depleted in cells at later time points.