Nanoarchitectonics to prepare practically useful artificial enzymes

Conversions of materials, energies, and various signals are important keys in science and technology to solve various problems in current society. Catalysis is the main concept to efficiently promote such conversions. As the most sophisticated systems to achieve various conversions, biological systems have been satisfactorily developed where biological catalysts, enzymes, play important roles. Therefore, catalytic systems with bio-like functions reasonably create advanced conversion systems for various demands. In this review article, basics of artificial enzymes and their recent progresses are overviewed on the basis of emerging concept, nanoarchitectonics. First, classical scientific efforts and basics for enzyme models are described, and then practically applicable artificial enzymes are presented. The latter part involves nanomaterials, DNA and peptides, modifications of their nanoarchitectures, and constructions of complicated and stimuli-responsive systems. We expect that overviewing artificial enzymes with the nanoarchitectonics concept would be useful to get intuitions for catalysts designs and their syntheses.