Article
Fisheries
Xiang-Yu Wu, Li Nie, Xin-Jiang Lu, Chen-Jie Fei, Jiong Chen
Summary: In this study, the role of PPAR gamma in immune regulation in teleost fish was investigated. Results showed that the expression of LcPPAR gamma changed during infection and DHA treatment, and was associated with the expression of immune-related genes.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Xue-feng Yang, De-jing Shang
Summary: Cardiovascular disease events result from abnormalities in arteries and heart. Atherosclerosis is the main cause, associated with dyslipidemia and inflammation. Inhibition of macrophage differentiation and reduction of proinflammatory factors can alleviate atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a key role in regulating triglyceride metabolism, lipid uptake, cholesterol efflux, and inflammatory signaling pathways. This review summarizes the role of PPARα in lipid metabolism and inflammation in atherosclerosis and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target.
CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan-Dan Li, Xiaowei Luo, Wang Ying, Eun La Kim, Jongki Hong, Joon-Hee Lee, Jee H. Jung
Summary: In the search for PPAR agonists, five unknown compounds and 15 known compounds were isolated from a jellyfish-derived fungus. Compound 2, called cladopsol B, showed potential as a PPAR-α partial agonist with less side effects than rosiglitazone, making it a promising antidiabetic lead.
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shan Zhang, Yanru You, Yachong Li, Hairui Yuan, Jie Zhou, Lijie Tian, Ying Liu, Baoli Wang, Endong Zhu
Summary: Foxk1 promotes adipocyte differentiation by facilitating nuclear translocation and upregulating the transcriptional activity of the Ppar gamma 2 promoter.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiao'e Fan, Manhong Xu, Qianfeng Ren, Yan Fan, Boshi Liu, Jiaqi Chen, Zhengmin Wang, Xiaoyan Sun
Summary: The study investigates the role of FABP4 in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its regulation mechanism. Through mouse and cell models, it is found that inhibiting FABP4 can alleviate the development of DR and reduce lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress through regulating the PPARy-mediated ferroptosis pathway.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weibei Sheng, Qichang Wang, Haotian Qin, Siyang Cao, Yihao Wei, Jian Weng, Fei Yu, Hui Zeng
Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that is exacerbated by population aging, resulting in a significant economic burden. Current therapies are inadequate, but research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) shows promise in slowing OA progression. PPARs have emerged as potential targets for effective OA treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yuan-Ye Qiu, Jing Zhang, Fan-Yi Zeng, Yi Zhun Zhu
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and further complications. PPARs play a critical role in energy metabolism, cellular development, inflammation, and differentiation. PPAR agonists have potential therapeutic effects in improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism disorders. They are also being explored for the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetic nephropathy.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dan Li, Huijuan Ma, Qi Shu, Tingqian Wang, Linyi Li, Ping Huang, Kaiyan Lou, Huan Xu
Summary: The study found that arsenite (As+3) inhibits M2a cell polarization by suppressing PPAR-gamma and leads to lipid accumulation. Rosiglitazone (RSG) can alleviate the inhibitory effects of As+3 on PPAR-gamma and M2a cell polarization.
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanhao Qiu, Mailin Gan, Xingyu Wang, Tianci Liao, Qiuyang Chen, Yuhang Lei, Lei Chen, Jinyong Wang, Ye Zhao, Lili Niu, Yan Wang, Shunhua Zhang, Li Zhu, Linyuan Shen
Summary: Excessive expansion of adipocytes can lead to ectopic fat deposition, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a crucial role in fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Deepali Sundrani, Aishwarya Karkhanis, Karuna Randhir, Tushar Panchanadikar, Sadhana Joshi
Summary: This study investigates the association between maternal and placental fatty acid levels and DNA methylation and microRNA regulation of PPARs in the placentae of women delivering low birth weight (LBW) babies. The results suggest that placental DHA levels and mRNA expression of PPARα and PPARγ were lower in the LBW group, and differential expression of miRNAs was observed. Maternal and placental polyunsaturated fatty acids and total omega-3 fatty acids were positively associated with expression of miRNAs, while saturated fatty acids were negatively associated. Placental expression of miRNAs was positively associated with birth weight.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppina Augimeri, Daniela Bonofiglio
Summary: The breast tumor microenvironment (TME) is recognized as a key player in tumor development and progression for breast cancer patients, with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma emerging as a potential therapeutic target. Activation of PPAR gamma inhibits breast cancer cell growth and may educate altered stromal cells to counteract inflammation, offering a more efficient way to treat breast cancer.
Article
Neurosciences
Riham M. Mansour, Nesrine S. El Sayed, Maha A. E. Ahmed, Ayman E. El-Sahar
Summary: This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of telmisartan in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that telmisartan improved motor and cognitive functioning, reduced neuronal inflammation and apoptosis, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis through PPAR gamma activation.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shi Fang, M. Christine Livergood, Pablo Nakagawa, Jing Wu, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate transcriptional responses, with a specific emphasis on the role of PPARγ in regulating blood pressure. Genetic and clinical trial data demonstrate the importance of PPARγ in hypertension, and the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes are detailed. The role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia is also discussed, along with future research directions and implications for novel therapies.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahesha Gangadhariah, Triveni Pardhi, Jahnavi Ravilla, Subhash Chandra, Sridevi Annapurna Singh
Summary: PPAR gamma agonists are effective in treating type 2 diabetes but have severe side effects. Lemon contains eriocitrin, which may have potential as a PPAR gamma agonist.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yimeng Hu, Jian Lv, Yu Fang, Qiang Luo, Yuan He, Lili Li, Mingxia Fan, Zhihua Wang
Summary: Crtc1(-/-) mice developed obesity due to abnormal expansion of white adipocytes, independent of changes in food intake or energy expenditure. These mice also showed increased insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, indicating a crucial role of Crtc1 in regulating lipid metabolism in adipose tissue.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yang Zhao, Ziyi Chang, Guizhen Zhao, Haocheng Lu, Wenhao Xiong, Wenying Liang, Huilun Wang, Luis Villacorta, Minerva T. Garcia-Barrio, Tianqing Zhu, Yanhong Guo, Yanbo Fan, Lin Chang, Francisco J. Schopfer, Bruce A. Freeman, Jifeng Zhang, Y. Eugene Chen
Summary: Administration of NO2-OA significantly reduces the incidence of AAA and the diameter of the supra-renal aorta in a mouse model. It also decreases extracellular matrix degradation, inflammatory cytokine levels, and leucocyte/macrophage infiltration in the vasculature. The protective effect of NO2-OA is partially mediated through activation of PPAR gamma and inhibition of macrophage prostaglandin E2-induced EP4 cAMP signaling.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aaron P. Landry, Sojin Moon, Jenner Bonanata, Uhn Soo Cho, E. Laura Coitino, Ruma Banerjee
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Luciano M. Di Fino, Ignacio Cerrudo, Sonia R. Salvatore, Francisco J. Schopfer, Carlos Garcia-Mata, Ana M. Laxalt
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia R. Salvatore, Pascal Rowart, Francisco J. Schopfer
Summary: Studies have found that isomers of two fatty acids nitrated were discovered in human urine, with the main group corresponding to nitrated conjugated linolenic acid (NO2-CLnA). Previously reported nitrated omega-3's, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and alpha- and gamma-linolenic acid were unable to be confirmed, suggesting the need for a re-evaluation of their biological formation and presence in humans. Metabolite analysis of NO2-CLnA in human urine revealed their relative abundance and possible role in cell signaling through electrophilic properties and Michael addition reactions.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia Turell, Martina Steglich, Maria J. Torres, Matias Deambrosi, Laura Antmann, Cristina M. Furdui, Francisco J. Schopfer, Beatriz Alvarez
Summary: This study confirmed the formation process of HSA-SOH and its further oxidation to sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The decay pathways of HSA-SOH were investigated, revealing its reaction with thiols to form mixed disulfides.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marco Fazzari, Steven R. Woodcock, Pascal Rowart, Karina Ricart, Jack R. Lancaster Jr, Rakesh Patel, Dario A. Vitturi, Bruce A. Freeman, Francisco J. Schopfer
Summary: This study identified nitro-nitrate ester-containing lipids as intermediates in unsaturated fatty acid nitration reactions in rat stomach, leading to the production of anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective signaling mediators. These observations provide new insight into the mechanisms of unsaturated fatty acid nitration and expand the scope of endogenous products resulting from nitrogen oxides metabolic reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Steven R. Woodcock, Sonia R. Salvatore, Bruce A. Freeman, Francisco J. Schopfer
Summary: This study reports synthetic methods for obtaining three main biological nitrated fatty acids from commercially available starting materials, for biological evaluation.
TETRAHEDRON LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peng Wang, Meaghan E. Killeen, Tina L. Sumpter, Laura K. Ferris, Louis D. Falo, Bruce A. Freeman, Francisco J. Schopfer, Alicia R. Mathers
Summary: Electrophilic nitro-fatty acids have potent anti-inflammatory effects in murine models of chronic inflammatory diseases and show therapeutic potential for psoriasiform dermatitis. Oral treatment with nitro oleic acid can prevent and treat psoriasiform inflammation, downregulate inflammatory cytokine production, and inhibit keratinocyte proliferation through NF-kappa B and STAT3 pathways.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dana Al Rijjal, Ying Liu, Mi Lai, Youchen Song, Zahra Danaei, Anne Wu, Haneesha Mohan, Li Wei, Francisco J. Schopfer, Feihan F. Dai, Michael B. Wheeler
Summary: In a study conducted on mice, Vascepa was found to have protective effects on diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, as well as improving beta cell function and expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation genes.
Review
Plant Sciences
Luciano Di Fino, Andres Arruebarrena Di Palma, Enzo A. Perk, Carlos Garcia-Mata, Francisco J. Schopfer, Ana M. Laxalt
Summary: Nitro fatty acids serve as important signaling molecules in biotic and abiotic stress, growth, and development, but the mechanisms of action are controversial. Two main synthesis mechanisms involve nitric oxide release and thiol modification.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuai Yuan, Scott A. Hahn, Megan P. Miller, Subramaniam Sanker, Michael J. Calderon, Mara Sullivan, Atinuke M. Dosunmu-Ogunbi, Marco Fazzari, Yao Li, Michael Reynolds, Katherine C. Wood, Claudette M. St Croix, Donna Stolz, Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano, Placido Navas, Sruti Shiva, Francisco J. Schopfer, Patrick J. Pagano, Adam C. Straub
Summary: The study demonstrates that CYB5R3 assists in NOX4-dependent H2O2 generation via CoQ, mitigating endothelial inflammatory activation. Knockout of CYB5R3 led to endothelial dysfunction in mice and enhanced VCAM-1 expression, which was alleviated by silencing NOX4. Overall, these findings suggest a regulatory role of CYB5R3 in endothelial inflammation through interaction with NOX4 and CoQ.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cecilia Matho, Maria Celia Fernandez, Jenner Bonanata, Xian-De Liu, Ayelen Martin, Ana Vieites, Gabriela Sanso, Marta Barontini, Eric Jonasch, E. Laura Coitino, Patricia Alejandra Pennisi
Summary: This study characterizes two novel variants of the VHL gene (P138R and L163R) and demonstrates their impact on tumor growth inhibition. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches were used to investigate the functional changes introduced by these variants.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauricio Mastrogiovanni, Andres Trostchansky, Hugo Naya, Raul Dominguez, Carla Marco, Monica Povedano, Ruben Lopez-Vales, Homero Rubbo
Summary: In this study, we developed a method to analyze the oxylipin profile in ALS patient plasma and identified new metabolite profiles and lipid derivatives that may serve as potential markers for disease onset.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabliha A. Chowdhury, Nicole Colussi, Malini Sharma, Katherine C. Wood, Julia Z. Xu, Bruce A. Freeman, Francisco J. Schopfer, Adam C. Straub
Summary: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hematological disease with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. This article evaluates the potential of small molecule nitroalkenes as a therapy for SCD and highlights their protective effects against end organ damage.