Article
Plant Sciences
Mohammad Javad Zarea, Nasrin Karimi
Summary: The study found that zinc has a significant effect on the transcriptional levels of P5CS and SUT1B genes in winter wheat, as well as the accumulation of starch and phytic acid. Zinc application via foliar spray is more effective than seed priming in improving grain zinc content and yield.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Umair Ahmed, Muhammad Junaid Rao, Cheng Qi, Qi Xie, Hamza Armghan Noushahi, Muhammad Yaseen, Xueping Shi, Bo Zheng
Summary: Under drought stress conditions, the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in hybrid poplar leaves gradually increased, along with the increase in antioxidant activity and accumulation of various compounds. Salicylic acid concentration also significantly increased in stressed poplar leaves.
Article
Agronomy
Zhaofang Chen, Honghong Deng, Bo Xiong, Sichen Li, Liancong Yang, Youting Yang, Shengjia Huang, Liping Tan, Guochao Sun, Zhihui Wang
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of three commonly used rootstocks on the features, color index, physicochemical parameters, anthocyanin accumulation, gene expression, and enzyme activity of blood orange during fruit development and ripening. Results showed that the Trifoliate orange rootstock promotes a high anthocyanin accumulation in blood orange, with a strong correlation between anthocyanin content and gene expression/enzyme activity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Guangyi Chen, Ligong Peng, Jing Gong, Jin Wang, Chaoyue Wu, Xiaodong Sui, Yunfeng Tian, Mingming Hu, Congmei Li, Xingmei He, Hong Yang, Qiuqiu Zhang, Yuyuan Ouyang, Yan Lan, Tian Li
Summary: Rice yield and quality are influenced by soil water conditions, but little research has been conducted on starch synthesis and accumulation under different soil water conditions at different growth stages. In this experiment, the effects of various water stress treatments on starch synthesis and accumulation, as well as rice yield, were investigated. The results showed that under light water stress treatment, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose decreased, while amylose and total starch contents increased. Starch synthesis-related enzyme activities also increased. However, moderate and severe water stress treatments had the opposite effects. The 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate increased under light water stress treatment. Principal component analysis indicated that the highest comprehensive score was obtained under light water stress treatment during the filling stage. Additionally, the comprehensive score followed the trend of filling stage > flowering stage > booting stage. The drought-resistant ability of NJ 9108 was also found to be better than that of IR72. Overall, these findings suggest that light water stress during the filling stage can enhance starch synthesis-related enzyme activities, promote starch synthesis and accumulation, and increase grain yield.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sahar Mehrpouyan, Usha Menon, Ian J. Tetlow, Michael J. Emes
Summary: This study focuses on the post-translational modification of SSIIa and its interactions with SSI and SBEIIb in maize amyloplast stroma, revealing that phosphorylation can promote the interaction between SSIIa and SBEIIb to enhance its activity. Protein phosphorylation plays a dual role in the stability and dissociation of heteromeric starch synthase complexes in the maize amyloplast stroma, providing new insights into the regulation of starch biosynthesis in plants.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marcia Barquero, Jorge Poveda, Ana M. Laureano-Marin, Noemi Ortiz-Liebana, Javier Branas, Fernando Gonzalez-Andres
Summary: This study analyzed the mechanisms by which Rhizobium leguminosarum strains alleviate drought stress in wheat plants. The results showed that two strains (LBM1210 and LET4910) significantly improved the growth parameters and chlorophyll content of the plants. They also reduced the levels of MDA, H2O2, and ABA. Furthermore, the two strains regulated the expression of different genes involved in drought stress response, while ethylene metabolism did not seem to be involved.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiaokang Lv, Yunpeng Ding, Mei Long, Wenxin Liang, Xiaoyan Gu, Yang Liu, Xiaoxia Wen
Summary: The application of foliar nitrogen in later stages of wheat growth has been found to be effective in reducing drought stress and improving grain filling. Different forms of nitrogen have varying effects on grain filling, with NH4+-N prolonging the filling period and CO(NH2)(2) and NO3--N accelerating the filling rate. Additionally, the application of nitrogen influences hormone levels and gene expression in wheat grains.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yufei Niu, Jingyu Li, Fanting Sun, Taiyu Song, Baojia Han, Zijie Liu, Peisen Su
Summary: In this study, it was found that Deguo 2 exhibited higher tolerance to drought stress than Truman. Transcriptomics analysis revealed differentially expressed genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis, plant hormone, phenolamides, and antioxidant pathways, as well as altered expression levels of approximately 700 genes. Exogenous melatonin application was found to enhance wheat tolerance against drought stress. Co-expression analysis indicated that bHLH and bZIP transcription factors may play a role in regulating various pathway genes. These findings provide new insights into the crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites, and deepen our understanding of the complex tolerance mechanisms against drought stress in wheat.
Article
Agronomy
Wang Wenting, Cui Wenpei, Xu Ke, Gao Hui, Wei Haiyan, Zhang Hongcheng
Summary: The environmental temperature during the grain filling stage significantly affects starch synthesis and accumulation in rice. Early-sowing at high temperatures hindered starch synthesis and accumulation, whereas late-sowing at lower temperatures allowed starch synthesis and accumulation to return to normal levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yujiao Gao, Kexin An, Weiwei Guo, Yongming Chen, Ruijie Zhang, Xue Zhang, Siyuan Chang, Vincenzo Rossi, Fangming Jin, Xinyou Cao, Mingming Xin, Huiru Peng, Zhaorong Hu, Weilong Guo, Jinkun Du, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Yingyin Yao
Summary: This study elucidates the role of TaNAC019 in coordinating SSP and starch accumulation in wheat, by directly activating HMW-GS genes and indirectly regulating TaSPA gene to improve grain quality.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasunori Nakamura
Summary: Amylopectin biosynthesis involves the reproduction of a new cluster by concerted actions of multiple isoforms of starch branching enzyme (BE). Among these isoforms, BEI plays a major role in initiating the formation of a new cluster due to its broad chain-length preference. On the other hand, BEIIb is unlikely to be involved in this reaction due to its preference for short chains. BEIIa may complement the role of BEI to some extent. The model also suggests that the first branches mainly formed by BEI contribute to the amorphous lamellae, while the second branches predominantly formed by BEIIb are located in the crystalline lamellae.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hong Chang, Jie Bai, Hejian Zhang, Rong Huang, Huanyu Chu, Qian Wang, Hao Liu, Jian Cheng, Huifeng Jiang
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the phylogenetic and structural aspects of three types of starch biosynthetic enzymes to investigate the origin and evolution of the starch biosynthetic pathway. The results suggest that the origin of this pathway is related to horizontal gene transfer and endosymbiosis gene transfer, which played important roles in plant evolution. Additionally, after the divergence of Viridiplantae from Rhodophyta, all three enzymes underwent duplications and modifications, resulting in functionally specialized isoforms and the complete starch biosynthetic pathway.
SYNTHETIC AND SYSTEMS BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zonghao Yue, Yanjuan Chen, Yifan Wang, Limin Zheng, Qiaoyang Zhang, Yongchuang Liu, Chunhong Hu, Can Chen, Keshi Ma, Zhongke Sun
Summary: This study investigated the effect of the endophytic strain Bacillus altitudinis WR10 on wheat salt tolerance and its potential mechanisms. The results showed that WR10 improved wheat salt tolerance at the seedling stage by upregulating certain gene expressions and regulating salt accumulation. These findings provide supporting evidence for the application of WR10 in salinized soil.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ting He, Xin Zhang, Lei Zhao, Jincheng Zou, Runkang Qiu, Xuwei Liu, Zhuoyan Hu, Kai Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from wheat bran on starch digestion in vitro and explored the underlying mechanisms of IDF's inhibition towards a-amylase. The results showed that IDF significantly slowed down starch digestion and reduced digestible starch content. The enzyme inhibition kinetics revealed that IDF acted as a mixed-type inhibitor to a-amylase, binding to the enzyme and causing alterations in its secondary structure. This interaction hindered the enzyme's activity and prevented it from capturing substrates. These findings have implications for the use of IDF in functional foods for managing postprandial blood glucose.
Article
Plant Sciences
Priscila Ariane Auler, Marcelo Nogueira do Amaral, Tatiana Rossatto, Rosane Lopez Crizel, Cristini Milech, Fabio Clasen Chaves, Gustavo Maia Souza, Eugenia Jacira Bolacel Braga
Summary: The study analyzed the response of two rice genotypes to recurrent drought, with results showing that both genotypes reduced stomatal conductance and increased ABA concentration under water deficit conditions. After rehydration, ABA levels decreased, especially in the lowland genotype, and ABA-GE concentration increased. The study indicates that ABA metabolism is altered depending on the genotype and pre-exposure to stress can modify adaptive responses in rice varieties.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2021)