Review
Microbiology
Chenyu Li, Yaquan Liang, Yuan Qiao
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host health by producing metabolites that influence host functions. Understanding the structures and actions of gut microbiota-derived metabolites is important for studying microbiota-host interactions.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hui Wang, Hongmei Yin, Yadong Zhong, Jielun Hu, Shengkun Xia, Zixuan Wang, Shaoping Nie, Mingyong Xie
Summary: This study compared the effects of different treatments on circulating nitrogen and immune disorder in mice exposed to high humidity. The results showed that FCP improved immune function by regulating gut microbiota and cytokine levels.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Moamen M. Elmassry, Ahmed Zayed, Mohamed A. Farag
Summary: Food contaminants have direct toxic effects on human health and can also influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how food contaminants specifically affect the gut microbiota and intestinal homeostasis, and discusses the potential role of the gut microbiota in biodegrading these chemicals.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zilu Cheng, Li Zhang, Ling Yang, Huikuan Chu
Summary: Obesity is a global epidemic that significantly affects the health state of individuals and strains the socioeconomic system. The prevalence of obesity is rising at alarming rates, and its etiology involves complicated interactions of diet, genetics, and environment. The gut microbiota has been confirmed to be correlated with obesity, but the specific relationship and mechanisms are not fully understood. Altered gut microbiota and associated metabolites contribute to the progression of obesity by disrupting energy homeostasis, promoting lipid synthesis and storage, modulating central appetite and feeding behavior, as well as triggering chronic inflammation. Intentional manipulation of the gut microbiota holds promise as novel therapies for obesity, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shivohum Bahuguna, Magda Atilano, Marcus Glittenberg, Dohun Lee, Srishti Arora, Lihui Wang, Jun Zhou, Siamak P. Redhai, Michael P. Boutros, Petros P. Ligoxygakis
Summary: The immune system of fruit flies recognizes gut bacteria and activates a metabolic pathway to regulate lipid breakdown, which is important for the retention of intestinal bacteria. The TOR pathway inhibits lipid breakdown in fly mutants with reduced immune recognition, leading to increased gut fat accumulation. Blocking the TOR pathway restores both lipid levels and the density of gut bacteria to normal levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tianxiao Mao, Fujian Qin, Mengdi Zhang, Jing Li, Jiankang Li, Maode Lai
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Metabolic disorders have been linked to CRC, and functional metabolomics is aimed at understanding the disease mechanisms through metabolomics-derived biomarkers. In this study, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was found to be elevated in CRC and its potential tumorigenic effects were confirmed through cell and animal models. The major rate-limiting enzyme, ACAT1, was also found to be increased in human CRC tissues, suggesting its role in the regulation of BHB-induced tumorigenesis. Silencing ACAT1 suppressed CRC progression and counteracted the effects of BHB in vitro and in vivo, indicating that targeting BHB and ACAT1 may offer new therapeutic strategies for CRC.
Article
Fisheries
Ming Zhang, Ngoc Tuan Tran, Yongsheng Zhang, Qiuhua Yang, Yong Tang, Yueling Zhang, Shengkang Li
Summary: This study investigates the role of SpNox in regulating the microbiota in the hemolymph and midgut of mud crab. The results show that SpNox generates ROS to modulate the composition of microbiota in these tissues.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ghada Tafesh-Edwards, Ioannis Eleftherianos
Summary: The gut epithelia of animals house complex microbial communities that play a crucial role in maintaining immune and cellular homeostasis. These microbial populations have adapted to the gut environment and regulate intestinal stem cells, promoting a healthy gut barrier and epithelial self-renewal. Disruption of these populations is associated with inflammatory disorders and cancerous lesions of the intestine, but the molecular mechanisms controlling gut-microbe interactions are still not fully understood.
Review
Immunology
Yanan Li, Zixuan Ye, Jianguo Zhu, Shuguang Fang, Lijuan Meng, Chen Zhou
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in stimulating and shaping the body's adaptive immune response, influencing immune homeostasis and tumor development. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of microbiota-immunity interaction.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Wang, Zhe Zhang, Bowen Li, Bo He, Lei Li, Edouard C. Nice, Wei Zhang, Jia Xu
Summary: An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body can lead to oxidative stress, which is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and can impact the development of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing redox balance in the brain.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Baojie Zhang, Yadong Zhong, Dejun Dong, Zhitian Zheng, Jielun Hu
Summary: This review focuses on gut microbiota and their utilization of xylan, the second most abundant indigestible carbohydrate found in nature. It summarizes the physico-chemical features of xylan, the xylanases needed for its decomposition, and the microbial degradation of xylan. The implications of xylan on intestinal homeostasis and metabolic response are discussed, with emphasis on specific gut microbes and the complexity of xylan structure, providing insights into the inconsistent results in human studies.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haoming Luo, Mingxing Li, Fang Wang, Yifei Yang, Qin Wang, Yueshui Zhao, Fukuan Du, Yu Chen, Jing Shen, Qianyun Zhao, Jiuping Zeng, Shengpeng Wang, Meijuan Chen, Xiaobing Li, Wanping Li, Yuhong Sun, Li Gu, Qinglian Wen, Zhangang Xiao, Xu Wu
Summary: This article reviews the interplay between intestinal stem cells and gut microbiota in their local environment, and discusses the progress and future directions of intestinal organoid culture.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akari Nishida, Yuna Ando, Ikuo Kimura, Junki Miyamoto
Summary: This article reviews the association between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy homeostasis, with a focus on the risks of obesity and metabolic disorders and the impact of gut microbiota on host energy balance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoqian Zeng, Daoyuan Ren, Donglu Li, Haiping Du, Xingbin Yang
Summary: This study found that Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch polysaccharide (ASKP) can prevent obesity by regulating gut microbiota metabolism. The results showed that ASKP can reduce body weight gain and metabolic disorders caused by a high fat diet, and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hugo C. Barreto, Beatriz Abreu, Isabel Gordo
Summary: Iron availability is tightly regulated in the mammalian gut, and the adaptive allele of the iron regulation gene iscR undergoes fluctuating selection influenced by antibiotics, microbiota, and the immune system. Host immune protein Lipocalin-2 plays a major role in shaping the selection on iscR.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Vanessa R. Pires Dinarte, Wilson A. Silva Jr, Anemari R. D. Baccarin, Edwin Tamashiro, Fabiana C. Valera, Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima
Summary: Polymorphisms in the IL22RA1 gene are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis susceptibility or protection. Further larger-scale studies are necessary to validate this hypothesis.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Christopher B. Hergott, Paola Dal Cin, Jason L. Hornick, Eric S. Winer, Ruben D. Carrasco, Annette S. Kim
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Dina Alzhanova, Kathleen Corcoran, Aubrey G. Bailey, Kristin Long, Sharon Taft-Benz, Rachel L. Graham, Grant S. Broussard, Mark Heise, Gabriele Neumann, Peter Halfmann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Ralph S. Baric, Blossom Damania, Dirk P. Dittmer
Summary: The research demonstrates the key role of the p53 transcription factor in cancer and the cell-intrinsic response to infections. The ORFEOME project suggests that every virus should encode functions that intersect the p53 signaling network. The experiments validate this hypothesis and identify two viral proteins that interact with p53.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Christopher B. Hergott, Olga Pozdnyakova
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria G. Noval, Maria E. Kaczmarek, Akiko Koide, Bruno A. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Ping Louie, Takuya Tada, Takamitsu Hattori, Tatyana Panchenko, Larizbeth A. Romero, Kai Wen Teng, Andrew Bazley, Maren de Vries, Marie Samanovic, Jeffrey N. Weiser, Ioannis Aifantis, Joan Cangiarella, Mark J. Mulligan, Ludovic Desvignes, Meike Dittmann, Nathaniel R. Landau, Maria Aguero-Rosenfeld, Shohei Koide, Kenneth A. Stapleford
Summary: Studies have shown that a majority of recovered healthcare workers produce antibodies with low neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2, with only a small percentage showing high neutralizing titers. Higher neutralizing sera are correlated with detection of a broader range of antibodies, while individuals with only IgG antibodies exhibit poor neutralization response.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Benjamin G. Wu, Imran Sulaiman, Jun-Chieh J. Tsay, Luisanny Perez, Brendan Franca, Yonghua Li, Jing Wang, Amber N. Gonzalez, Mariam El-Ashmawy, Joseph Carpenito, Evan Olsen, Maya Sauthoff, Kevin Yie, Xiuxiu Liu, Nan Shen, Jose C. Clemente, Bianca Kapoor, Tonia Zangari, Valeria Mezzano, Cynthia Loomis, Michael D. Weiden, Sergei B. Koralov, Jeanine D'Armiento, Sunil K. Ahuja, Xue-Ru Wu, Jeffrey N. Weiser, Leopoldo N. Segal
Summary: The study found that aspiration with oral commensals in mice led to short-term lower-airway dysbiosis, but induced a prolonged inflammatory response, including IL-17-producing T cells, lasting at least 14 days. Furthermore, aspiration with oral commensals decreased hosts' susceptibility to respiratory challenge with S. pneumoniae.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Christopher B. Hergott, Jeffrey W. Craig, Jason L. Hornick, Olga K. Weinberg
Summary: Routine tissue handling may lead to bacterial contamination in lymph node specimens, especially in nodes closer to the skin surface, resulting in false-positive culture results. The study suggests that lymph node bacterial cultures have minimal clinical benefit for adult patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima, Edwin Tamashiro, Fabrizio R. Romano, Marcel M. Miyake, Renato Roithmann, Eduardo M. Kosugi, Marcio Nakanishi, Marco A. Fornazieri, Thiago F. P. Bezerra, Joao F. Mello, Marcus M. Lessa, Richard L. Voegels, Otavio B. Piltcher, Eulalia Sakano, Fabiana C. P. Valera
Summary: This article reviews the current status of biologic treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis and highlights its effectiveness in improving patients' quality of life, but suggests the need for further research and clinical experience.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alexandria J. Hammond, Ulrike Binsker, Surya D. Aggarwal, Mila Brum Ortigoza, Cynthia Loomis, Jeffrey N. Weiser
Summary: The study explores the role of Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidases in evading mucociliary clearance and controlling mucus binding through enzymatic removal of sialic acid residues. The neuraminidases NanA and NanB interact to regulate mucus production and binding during colonization, providing new insights into the pathogen's mechanisms in host interaction.
Article
Immunology
Daichi Murakami, Masamitsu Kono, Denisa Nanushaj, Fumie Kaneko, Tonia Zangari, Yasuteru Muragaki, Jeffrey N. Weiser, Muneki Hotomi
Summary: This study revealed that cigarette smoke exposure significantly promotes pneumococcal transmission in an infant mouse model by enhancing bacterial shedding from the colonized host and increasing susceptibility to colonization in new hosts. Local inflammation and mucosal changes were identified as important underlying mechanisms for transmission promotion by smoke exposure, attributable to the constituents of cigarette smoke rather than smoke itself. These findings provide the first experimental evidence of the impact of environmental factors on pneumococcal transmission and pathogenesis mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Carolina B. de Azevedo, Fabiana C. P. Valera, Lucas R. Carenzi, Daniel S. Kupper, Joao Vitor B. Caetano, Danielle L. C. Queiroz, Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima, Edwin Tamashiro
Summary: The study findings indicate that the use of anti-inflammatory or antibiotic drugs postoperatively did not improve pain levels in children undergoing tonsillectomy. There were no significant differences in pain progression or analgesic intake among the different medication groups, and patients experienced significant pain up to day 4 after surgery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Francisco Leite-Santos, Edwin Tamashiro, Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima, Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima, Fabiana C. P. Valera
Summary: This article reviewed the murine models for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (ECRS) and compared them regarding eosinophilic polypoid formation. The study found that OVA associated with SEB protocol appears to produce the most robust eosinophilic sinonasal inflammation.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima, Mateus R. Soares, Jefferson P. Fonseca, Denny M. Garcia, Antonio A. Velasco e Cruz, Edwin Tamashiro, Fabiana C. P. Valera
Summary: This study revisited three classification systems of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) and observed which of them presented the best clinical applicability. It was found that Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima's classification system proved valid, simple, and effective for categorizing orbital complications of ARS.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Henrique Augusto Cantareira Sabino, Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera, Denise Vieira Santos, Marina Zilio Fantucci, Carolina Carneiro Titoneli, Roberto Martinez, Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima, Edwin Tamashiro
Summary: This study aims to explore the antibiofilm properties of bacteria in AECRS patients and finds that bacteria forming biofilms have higher resistance to antibiotics. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance observed in planktonic forms can serve as an indicator for predicting biofilm resistance.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Guilherme H. M. Fenolio, Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima, Gabriela C. Tomazini, Inae M. Compagnoni, Maria S. A. do Amaral, Marina Z. Fantucci, Pedro P. L. Peixoto, Alessandro F. Guimaraes, Roberto E. S. Guimaraes, Eulalia Sakano, Fabiana C. P. Valera, Edwin Tamashiro
Summary: Olfactory changes are common and have a significant impact on quality of life. The CCCRC test is a cheap and easy-to-administer test for assessing olfactory function, but its validity for the Brazilian population has not been widely evaluated. In this study, the CCCRC test was adapted for the Brazilian population and showed good reproducibility and similar normality values compared to other countries.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
(2022)