Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Nicole Edwards, Amy McCaughey-Chapman, Catharina Combrinck, Johannes Geiger, Bronwen Connor
Summary: In this study, a reprogramming strategy using chemically modified mRNA and small molecule supplementation was employed to directly derive human-induced dorsal forebrain precursors from adult human dermal fibroblasts with high efficiency. The derived precursors were capable of differentiating into functional glutamatergic neurons. This combined strategy provides a highly efficient and easily accessible human cell-based platform for disease modeling and drug discovery.
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donghui Liu, Grigori Rychkov, Plinio Hurtado, Hai-Yun Luo, Tao Zhang, Larisa Bobrovskaya, Xin-Fu Zhou
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful conversion of human fibroblasts into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) using small molecules. The iNSCs derived from fibroblasts have similar gene expression profiles to genuine NSCs, and have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into glial cells and functional neurons.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jinhee Park, Kiho Jeong, Manho Kim, Wijin Kim, Ju Hyun Park
Summary: This study proposes a strategy to enhance the osteogenic potential of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) by using Lin28A as a transcription factor. Lin28A was delivered into USCs as a recombinant protein fused with 30Kc19a, which improved thermal stability and had no significant cytotoxicity. The treatment with 30Kc19a-Lin28A enhanced osteoblastic differentiation of human USCs and may contribute to the development of clinically feasible strategies for bone regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yihe Ma, Yumiao Lin, Wenting Huang, Xusheng Wang
Summary: The study explores the conversion of fibroblasts into dermal-papilla-cell-like cells using small molecules, with different fibroblasts requiring different compounds or combinations for conversion, and TTNPB alone efficiently converting adult mouse fibroblasts into DPC-LCs with stronger hair-inducing capacity. Transcriptome analysis reveals increased expression of genes associated with hair-inducing capacity in DPC-LCs, suggesting the potential of this pharmacological approach for hair follicle regeneration and hair loss therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristiana Mollinari, Daniela Merlo
Summary: Translating successful preclinical research in neurodegenerative diseases into clinical practice has been challenging. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are a powerful tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of disease onset and pathogenesis, but require time to differentiate and may lose age-related information.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Longfei Sun, Dandan Zhang, Liangshan Qin, Quanhui Liu, Guodong Wang, Deshun Shi, Ben Huang
Summary: In this study, bovine ear fibroblasts were chemically induced to differentiate into adipocyte-like cells using a small-molecule cocktail called RVB. These induced cells (CiADCs) exhibited similar morphology and gene expression patterns to natural adipocytes. Furthermore, RVB increased the expression of PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha proteins. Signaling pathways including PPAR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction played a vital role in adipogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhen Chen, Yuhang Huang, Chaorong Yu, Qing Liu, Cui Qiu, Guoqiang Wan
Summary: This study identified a Sox2(+) glial subpopulation with high potency for neuronal differentiation, but found that overexpression of Sox2 inhibited neuronal differentiation. A combination of small molecules was also discovered to promote neuronal differentiation of Sox2(-) glial cells and induce maturation of induced neurons towards SGN fate.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weiping Wang, Baofeng Zhao, Heng Zhao, Zhiyuan Cong, Liuchang Wang, Haimei Wu, Wei Ma, Zhi Yang, Zihui Meng, Chao Gao
Summary: A series of asymmetric acceptor-pi-donor-pi '-acceptor-type (A-pi-D-pi '-A) non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) were synthesized by linking halogenated ending groups at the 4-position of 3-ethylhexoxythiophene (pi-segment) on one side and at the 5 position of 3-ethylhexoxythiophene (pi'-segment) on the other side. The asymmetrical molecular structure and distinct pi-bridged segments resulted in a half-planar-half twisted backbone configuration. The fluorine and chlorine atoms on h-IEICO-4F and h-IEICO-4Cl exhibited excellent electron-attracting properties, leading to red-shifted absorption and down-shifted molecular energy levels. The J52:h-IEICO-4F device showed superior performance with enhanced exciton dissociation and collection efficiency, suppressed charge recombination, high and balanced charge transport ability, improved morphological properties, and better crystallinity.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weiping Wang, Baofeng Zhao, Heng Zhao, Zhiyuan Cong, Liuchang Wang, Haimei Wu, Wei Ma, Zhi Yang, Zihui Meng, Chao Gao
Summary: A series of asymmetric A-pi-D-pi'-A non-fullerene acceptors were designed and synthesized, and h-IEICO-4F and h-IEICO-4Cl showed excellent photovoltaic performances due to their special molecular structures and electron-attracting properties, with an efficiency of 11.65% achieved for the J52:h-IEICO-4F device.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jingyang Guan, Guan Wang, Jinlin Wang, Zhengyuan Zhang, Yao Fu, Lin Cheng, Gaofan Meng, Yulin Lyu, Jialiang Zhu, Yanqin Li, Yanglu Wang, Shijia Liuyang, Bei Liu, Zirun Yang, Huanjing He, Xinxing Zhong, Qijing Chen, Xu Zhang, Shicheng Sun, Weifeng Lai, Yan Shi, Lulu Liu, Lipeng Wang, Cheng Li, Shichun Lu, Hongkui Deng
Summary: This study demonstrates the chemical reprogramming of human somatic cells to human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells, which exhibit key features of embryonic stem cells. The induction of an intermediate plastic state and inhibition of the JNK pathway are crucial for successful chemical reprogramming.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Youcui Wang, Xiaoqin Zhang, Fenghua Chen, Ning Song, Junxia Xie
Summary: This article summarizes the latest research progress in applying direct reprogramming of astrocytes into functional neurons for the treatment of central nervous system diseases, highlighting the advantages and challenges of this approach.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magda Babina, Kristin Franke, Gurkan Bal
Summary: Mast cells, as evolutionarily old cells, play important roles in allergic responses and inflammation. They are related to other leukocyte subsets but form a separate branch in the hematopoietic system. Mast cells share some functions with the nervous system and express unique neuronal markers. Genes hyper-expressed in mast cells, but largely inactive in other myelocytes, include those related to traffic/lysosomes, the dopamine system, Ca2+-related entities, adhesion molecules, and transcription factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Levi Todd, Wesley Jenkins, Connor Finkbeiner, Marcus J. Hooper, Phoebe C. Donaldson, Marina Pavlou, Juliette Wohlschlegel, Norianne Ingram, Fred Rieke, Thomas A. Reh
Summary: Many neurodegenerative diseases cause the degeneration of specific types of neurons. While neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system cannot be regenerated, glial cells in nonmammalian vertebrates can spontaneously reprogram into neural progenitors and replace damaged neurons. In this study, researchers successfully stimulated the regeneration of functional neurons in the adult mouse retina by overexpressing certain transcription factors in Müller glia cells.
Article
Cell Biology
Liangru Fei, Kaiyang Zhang, Nikita Poddar, Sampsa Hautaniemi, Biswajyoti Sahu
Summary: The transition from mesenchymal fibroblast identity to epithelial pancreatic exocrine fate involves two deterministic steps, which are the activation of HHEX with FOXA2 and SOX17 to define an endodermal progenitor state, and the temporary activation of GATA4 essential for the maintenance of pancreatic cell fate program.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Changxiang Shao, Bingpeng Guo, Bing Lu, Jiahui Yu, Huijun Kong, Baolei Wang, Meichun Ding, Chenwei Li
Summary: The study employs perylene diimide derivatives as stable sunlight absorbers for solar vapor generation. Efficient photothermal conversion is achieved through strong intermolecular pi-pi stacking and intramolecular charge transfer. 3D hybrid hydrogels combining the absorbers and polyvinyl alcohol demonstrate high water evaporation rates. This research is of great importance for the design of photothermal small molecules and their application in solar water evaporation.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Xianzu Gong, Liqing Xu, Jinping Qian, Juan Huang, Rui Ding, A. M. Garofalo, Annika Ekedahl, Long Zeng, Erzhong LI, Bin Zhang, Shiyao Lin, Biao Shen, Mao Wang, Handong Xu, Xinjun Zhang, Miaohui LI, Guizhong Zuo, Qing Zang, Haiqing Liu, Bo Lyu, Liang Wang, Youwen Sun, Guosheng Xu, Jiansheng Hu, Damao Yao, Yu Wu, Liqun Hu, Bingjia Xiao, Nong Xiang, Kun Lu, Yuntao Song, Baonian Wan, Jiangang LI
Summary: In 2021, EAST achieved a steady-state long pulse of over 100 seconds with a core electron temperature of over 10 keV. This operation successfully addressed key issues such as active control of wall conditioning, long-duration fully noninductive current, and divertor heat/particle flux. The fully noninductive current was generated using pure radio frequency waves and electron cyclotron resonance heating. This experimental platform provides a valuable opportunity to study multiscale instabilities, electron-dominant transport, and plasma-wall interactions under weak collisionality on a timescale of hundreds of seconds.
PLASMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kai You, Yan Wang, Xiaoxia Chen, Zhen Yang, Yan Chen, Shenglin Tan, Jiawang Tao, Anteneh Getachew, Tingcai Pan, Yingying Xu, Yuanqi Zhuang, Fan Yang, Xianhua Lin, Yinxiong Li
Summary: Serum amyloid A (SAA), mainly produced by hepatocytes, can promote endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis in atherosclerosis and renal disease. The role of SAA in APAP-induced liver toxicity was investigated, and it was found that SAA production was significantly increased in APAP injury model. Blocking SAA protected against APAP-induced liver injuries and improved the survival rate. Further investigations showed that blocking SAA reduced sinusoidal endothelium damage, hemorrhage, and thrombosis. SAA augmented the toxic effect of APAP on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and promoted platelet aggregation. Inhibition of SAA may be a potential intervention for APAP-induced acute liver injuries.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Chi-Shung Yip, Chenyao Jin, Wei Zhang, Di Jiang, Guo Sheng Xu
Summary: The effects of the neutral gas inlet location on the performance of SCL (Surface-Controlled Luminescence) hot cathodes were investigated. It was found that placing the neutral gas inlet very close to the hot cathode can significantly improve emission characteristics by immersing the hot cathode in an area of elevated neutral density. This improvement is attributed to the reduction of SCL effects, making it suitable for various heating configurations of SCL hot cathodes.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Ping Wang, Guanghai Hu, Liang Wang, Ning Yan, Xiaoming Zhong, Guosheng Xu, Xi Feng, Yang Ye, Genfan Ding, Lin Yu, Adi Liu, Yanmin Duan, Erzhong Li, Liqing Xu, Haiqing Liu, Rui Ding, Bin Zhang, Miaohui Li, Bojiang Ding, Chengming Qin, Xinjun Zhang, Xiaojie Wang, Bo Lyu, Ling Zhang, Mingfu Wu, Qing Zang, Xin Lin, Xiaolan Zou, Yuntao Song
Summary: The properties of blobs in I-mode and ELM-free H-mode plasmas have been investigated on the EAST tokamak, compared to L-mode. The blob properties in L-mode and I-mode are similar, while the properties in ELM-free H-mode differ. The study contributes to understanding the influences of edge and SOL plasma parameters on the blob behavior.
PLASMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Boya Liu, Guoai Xu, Guosheng Xu, Chenyu Wang, Peiliang Zuo
Summary: This paper proposes a secure intelligent message forwarding strategy based on deep reinforcement learning to improve the flexibility of routing matching multiple message types in VANET. The strategy has the advantages of fast convergence, high transmission security, and low network delay, providing flexible security for VANET message services.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zixiang Bi, Guosheng Xu, Chenyu Wang, Guoai Xu, Sutao Zhang
Summary: Traditional mechanical parts are being replaced by in-vehicle electronic control units that communicate via control area networks. However, the confidentiality of the Database CAN (DBC) file has made it difficult to research intrusion detection systems and control network testing, hindering automotive aftermarket device development. This paper proposes a method to reverse engineer body-related CAN messages based on tagged bits, accurately locating the bits controlling the body behavior.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuntao Song, Xiaolan Zou, Xianzu Gong, Alain Becoulet, Richard Buttery, Paul Bonoli, Tuong Hoang, Rajesh Maingi, Jinping Qian, Xiaoming Zhong, Adi Liu, Erzhong Li, Rui Ding, Juan Huang, Qing Zang, Haiqing Liu, Liang Wang, Ling Zhang, Guoqiang Li, Youwen Sun, Andrea Garofalo, Tom Osborne, Tony Leonard, Seung Gyou Baek, Greg Wallace, Liqing Xu, Bin Zhang, Shouxin Wang, Yuqi Chu, Tao Zhang, Yanmin Duan, Hui Lian, Xuexi Zhang, Yifei Jin, Long Zeng, Bo Lyu, Binjia Xiao, Yao Huang, Yong Wang, Biao Shen, Nong Xiang, Yu Wu, Jiefeng Wu, Xiaojie Wang, Bojiang Ding, Miaohui Li, Xinjun Zhang, Chengming Qin, Weibin Xi, Jian Zhang, Liansheng Huang, Damao Yao, Yanlan Hu, Guizhong Zuo, Qiping Yuan, Zhiwei Zhou, Mao Wang, Handong Xu, Yahong Xie, Zhengchu Wang, Junling Chen, Guosheng Xu, Jiansheng Hu, Kun Lu, Fukun Liu, Xinchao Wu, Baonian Wan, Jiangang Li, EAST Team
Summary: Mastering nuclear fusion is a challenge for humanity, and the tokamak is a promising path towards controlled fusion. A breakthrough in steady-state operation was recently achieved on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), with a world-record pulse length of 1056 seconds. This achievement includes controlled density and divertor heat flux, no core impurity accumulation, and the discovery of a new high-confinement and self-organizing regime.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Guosheng Xu, Dehai Li, Yanbin Zhang, Huigui Li
Summary: This paper studies the variation of surface dynamic movement based on the survey line above the working face of Peigou Coal Mine. The numerical simulation model of the overlying strata dynamic movement is established to study the dynamic movement law of rock strata with different depths, and the fitting function of surface and overlying strata dynamic movement is determined. Finally, the subsidence velocity prediction function of the major section of the surface and overlying strata in the Peigou Coal Mine is established, providing an important theoretical reference for the dynamic protection of the structures on the surface and in the overlying strata.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tengjiao Sun, Xiaoping Luo, Wentian Mi, Adam Woods, Domenico Chiarella, Hairuo Qing, Yongsheng Ma, Xueling Kou, Zhongmin Shen, Guosheng Xu, Haifeng Yuan, Jiaju Liang, Fanghao Xu, Hao Wang, Xiaoxing Gong, Jian Luo, Tingfu Jin, Xiaowei Lv
Summary: This study focuses on the characteristics of the ultra-deeply buried Middle Triassic Leikoupo marine carbonate petroleum system in the Western Sichuan Depression, China. It is found that the reservoir is charged with compound gases from four different source rock units. The research results have important implications for similar sedimentary basin studies and indicate the potential for abundant deeply buried marine carbonate hydrocarbon resources in China and elsewhere in the future.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tengjiao Sun, Xiaoping Luo, Wentian Mi, Adam Woods, Domenico Chiarella, Hairuo Qing, Yongsheng Ma, Xueling Kou, Zhongmin Shen, Guosheng Xu, Haifeng Yuan, Jiaju Liang, Fanghao Xu, Hao Wang, Xiaoxing Gong, Jian Luo, Tingfu Jin, Xiaowei Lv
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
G. F. Ding, R. Chen, Y. Ye, G. S. Xu, X. Q. Wu, Q. Q. Yang, L. Yu, L. Y. Meng, L. Wang, X. Lin, P. Wang, H. Lan
Summary: Different types of edge low-frequency fluctuations with distinct characteristics are observed in various detached divertor states. The characteristics of three specific types of fluctuations, namely low-frequency quasi-coherent fluctuation (LFCF), low-frequency broadband frequency fluctuation (LFBF), and low -n X-point mode (LNXM), on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) are examined. The occurrence of LFCF is related to the energy detachment and a large electron temperature gap between the inner and outer strike points, while LFBF occurs when the inner strike point is energy detached and the outer strike point is nearly energy detached or attached. The underlying physical mechanisms of these fluctuations are proposed. Rating: 8/10.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Guosheng Xu, Xingquan Wu, Youjun Hu
Summary: We found that the previously derived perturbed Lagrangian from the drift-kinetic equation was inconsistent with the ordering for the low-frequency large-scale MHD. In this study, we rederived the expression for the perturbed Lagrangian using the ordering system for the low-frequency large-scale MHD in a low-beta plasma within the framework of nonideal MHD. This finding is significant as the perturbed Lagrangian is widely used to understand the kinetic driving and dissipative mechanisms of MHD instabilities and plasma response in fusion plasmas.
PLASMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kaijun Liu, Zhou Zhou, Qiang Cao, Guosheng Xu, Chenyu Wang, Yuan Gao, Weikai Zeng, Guoai Xu
Summary: The rapid development of mobile computing has brought convenience to our lives, but the security and privacy of user information remain critical. Existing 2FA protocols weaken security in pursuit of efficiency. In this study, a robust and effective 2FA protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) was designed and proven to provide better security and efficiency.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Gang Wang, Guosheng Xu, Yukun Wang, Yimeng Yao, Kun Wang, Xi Hu, Heyao Sun, Jingwang Liu
Summary: This paper proposes three deployment modes, synchronous deployment, fixed-axis-non-fixed-axis stepwise deployment, and non-fixed-axis-fixed-axis stepwise deployment, to obtain the optimal deployment scheme of the orthogonal biaxial folding wing of UAVs at different airspeeds. The aerodynamic model of the folding wing is established using the Lagrange method and the Fluent simulation software is used to analyze the influence of the UAV deployment mode and airspeed on the driving torque of the folding wing. The simulation results show that the optimal deployment mode is synchronous deployment when the airspeed is less than 40 m/s, and non-fixed-axis-fixed-axis stepwise deployment when the airspeed is greater than or equal to 40 m/s. The accuracy of the folding wing aerodynamics model is proven through comparison with theoretical results.