Article
Environmental Sciences
Eric P. Chassignet, Xiaobiao Xu, Olmo Zavala-Romero
Summary: Plastic is the most common type of marine litter and poses a threat to the marine ecosystem. Using particle tracking simulations, it is possible to estimate the destinations and sources of marine litter from different countries, revealing how countries far apart are connected via complex ocean pathways.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sarah Worden, Rong Fu, Sudip Chakraborty, Junjie Liu, John Worden
Summary: The study found that in the Congo Basin, evapotranspiration (especially transpiration) plays an important role in atmospheric moisture throughout the year. The relative contribution of ET to atmospheric moisture is higher in spring compared to fall, as the transport of moisture from the oceans increases before the fall rainy season.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huilin Huang, Yun Qian, Ye Liu, Cenlin He, Jianyu Zheng, Zhibo Zhang, Antonis Gkikas
Summary: Mineral dust, which makes up around half of the surface aerosol loading in spring over the southwestern United States, poses a threat to human health and the ecosystem. Through analysis of dust deposition and flux data, researchers have identified four typical dust transport patterns across the Sierra Nevada mountain range. These patterns are associated with mesoscale winds, the Sierra barrier jet, the North Pacific High, and long-range cross-Pacific westerlies. The study finds that dust emitted from the Central Valley consistently moves eastward, while dust from the Mojave Desert and Great Basin primarily affects the Sierra Nevada during mesoscale transport in winter and early spring. Asian dust reaching the mountain range either comes from the west through straight isobars or from the north in the presence of the North Pacific High. Extensive dust depositions, contributed by Central Valley emissions and cross-Pacific remote transport, are found on the west slope of the mountain. Particularly, dust transport related to the Sierra barrier jet produces deposition through landfalling atmospheric rivers, and this frequency may increase as the climate warms.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Lin Qi, Peng Cheng, Menghua Wang, Chuanmin Hu, Yuyuan Xie, Keyu Mao
Summary: Using remote sensing images and numerical experiments, this study identifies two possible origins of floating S. horneri in the East China Sea and reveals their movement in space and time. The findings are important for implementing mitigation strategies and understanding possible ecological impacts along the drifting pathways of this seaweed.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Floris van Breugel, Bingni W. Brunton
Summary: By using genetic manipulations, scientists have cleverly applied perception-altering technology to gain insights into how fruit flies localize the source of smells by following tendrils of airborne odor plumes.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Albenis Perez-Alarcon, Rogert Sori, Jose C. Fernandez-Alvarez, Raquel Nieto, Luis Gimeno
Summary: This study investigates the moisture source for the genesis, intensification, and dissipation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the North Atlantic Ocean basin using a Lagrangian approach. Results show that the North Atlantic Ocean to the north of the intertropical convergence zone is the main source of moisture for TCs, followed by the South Atlantic and the eastern tropical Pacific. The moisture carried by TCs varies depending on their category.
JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Werner Nader, Alexander Zahm, Johannes Jaschik
Summary: Salts of phosphonic acid or fosetyl are effective fungicides, but are no longer permitted in organic agriculture. However, phosphonate can also occur naturally and be present in the environment, as well as in certain food products. Differentiating between industrially produced and naturally occurring phosphonate can be achieved through stable oxygen isotope analysis.
Article
Business
Sharon A. Alvarez, Sybille Sachs
Summary: Stakeholders self-identify with a firm when they believe they affect and are themselves affected by the actions of a firm. However, how do stakeholders self-identify in the earliest stages of an entrepreneurial endeavor when a firm has yet to exist and the outcomes of products and services and their effects on stakeholders are unknown? Using the theory of common ground helps scholars examine how everyday human conversations, cooperation, and social interactions can motivate individuals to self-identify as stakeholders even before outcomes can be known. The paper proposes that how an endeavor is organized is the manifestation of the unique path-dependent processes the stakeholders have gone through.
ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mario A. Morales-Parrague, Rodrigo A. Varela-Laso, Luis Araya-Castillo, Fidel Molina-Luque
Summary: This paper analyzes the conceptual structure of the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), examining its development and future application in business and society. By using the SciMAT software on 6861 papers from the WOS database, the research finds that the field is still not well understood and primarily focused on the interests of companies. It suggests an opportunity to reconsider the purpose of CSR by integrating other dimensions that focus on the society-business relationship. Based on these findings, the study presents new research directions to explore the drivers and outcomes of CSR.
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Sara Melotte, Filip Ilievski, Linglan Zhang, Aditya Malte, Namita Mutha, Fred Morstatter, Ninareh Mehrabi
Summary: It has been found that bias exists in common sense knowledge bases and models. The study investigates the source of bias in a knowledge model called COMET by training it on different combinations of language models and knowledge bases. Bias is measured using sentiment and regard as proxies, and analyzed through three methods: overgeneralization and disparity, keyword outliers, and relational dimensions. The results show that larger models are more nuanced in their biases but can be more biased than smaller models in certain categories (e.g. utility of religions), which is attributed to the larger knowledge accumulated during pretraining. It is also observed that training on a larger set of common sense knowledge often leads to more bias, and that models generally have stronger negative regard than positive.
IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Emma E. H. Doyle, Jessica Thompson, Stephen Hill, Matt Williams, Douglas Paton, Sara Harrison, Ann Bostrom, Julia Becker
Summary: The science of assessing natural hazards and risks involves various complex elements, resulting in uncertainty. A study conducted in New Zealand revealed key themes about uncertainty, including participants' understanding, the difficulty of defining uncertainty, and the positive role uncertainty plays in promoting debate and further research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Andrology
Claudia Massarotti, Andrea Garolla, Elena Maccarini, Paola Scaruffi, Sara Stigliani, Paola Anserini, Carlo Foresta
Summary: The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen samples has raised concerns about potential male genital tract infection and viral shedding. Current research suggests that while receptors for the virus are present in the male reproductive system, it is still uncertain if the virus can infect these organs. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive function.
Article
Agronomy
Zongjie Li, Mengqing Liu, Zongxing Li, Feng Qi, Ling-Ling Song, Bin Xu, Xiaoying Liu, Juan Gui
Summary: The present study focuses on the recharge source of the runoff of dry season based on the runoff change, stable isotopes, and hydrochemical characteristics evidence in the source region of Yangtze River. The results showed that the runoff in dry season is mainly affected by precipitation, supra-permafrost water, and soil water, and the main source of runoff in dry season is supra-permafrost water. The recharge sources of runoff in dry season were mainly precipitation in autumn, and the recharge patterns were direct recharge and indirect recharge.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Business, Finance
Aaron Burt, Christopher Hrdlicka
Summary: Cross-firm predictability among economically linked firms can last up to 10 years, with each source contributing differently over different time horizons. The predictability arises from momentum and contemporaneous correlation in returns between firms, with commonality in momentum playing a significant role in longer-term predictability.
JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Review
Virology
Giorgio Tiecco, Melania Degli Antoni, Samuele Storti, Lina Rachele Tomasoni, Francesco Castelli, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
Summary: Orthopoxvirus is a notorious genus of viruses within the Poxviridae family, known to cause human diseases such as smallpox and monkeypox. The recent outbreak of monkeypox has raised global concern, highlighting the need for a better understanding of orthopoxviruses for prevention and treatment.
Article
Neurosciences
Keno Juechems, Jan Balaguer, Maria Ruz, Christopher Summerfield
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam J. J. Lommen, Mihaela Duta, Koen Vanbrabant, Rachel de Jong, Keno Juechems, Anke Ehlers
Article
Neurosciences
Keno Juechems, Jan Balaguer, Santiago Herce Castanon, Maria Ruz, Jill X. O'Reilly, Christopher Summerfield
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Keno Juechems, Jan Balaguer, Bernhard Spitzer, Christopher Summerfield
Summary: When making economic choices, humans may distort their internal representation of the value and probability of a prospect, but under the assumption of finite computational precision, these distortions may be approximately optimal, helping to maximize reward and minimize uncertainty. Two empirical studies show that humans can adapt optimally to factors that change the reward-maximizing form of distortion, providing an answer to the question of why humans make irrational economic choices.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Sabine Trepte, Leonard Reinecke, Keno Juechems
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2012)