Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Laura Gutierrez-Galvez, Daniel Garcia-Fernandez, Melisa del Barrio, Monica Luna, Inigo Torres, Felix Zamora, Cristina Navio, Paula Milan-Rois, Milagros Castellanos, Melanie Abreu, Rafael Canton, Juan Carlos Galan, Alvaro Somoza, Rodolfo Miranda, Tania Garcia-Mendiola, Encarnacion Lorenzo
Summary: In this study, a highly sensitive method based on biocatalyzed electrochemiluminescence approach was developed. The method utilizes few-layer bismuthene as a platform for immobilizing tetrahedral DNA nanostructures that are specifically designed to detect a specific gene sequence of SARS-CoV-2. The method exhibits a low limit of detection and a wide linear range, and can be used to directly detect the virus in samples from COVID-19 patients.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Laura Gutierrez-Galvez, Rafael del Cano, Iris Menendez-Luque, Daniel Garcia-Nieto, Micaela Rodriguez-Pena, Monica Luna, Teresa Pineda, Felix Pariente, Tania Garcia-Mendiola, Encarnacion Lorenzo
Summary: This work focuses on the development of an electrochemiluminescent nanostructured DNA biosensor for SARSCoV-2 detection, using gold nanomaterials and carbon nanodots to create an improved nanostructured electrochemiluminescent platform, with a detection limit of 514 aM for DNA sequences.
Article
Biophysics
Jose M. R. Flauzino, Emily P. Nguyen, Qiuyue Yang, Giulio Rosati, David Panacek, Ana G. Brito-Madurro, Joao M. Madurro, Aristides Bakandritsos, Michal Otyepka, Arben Merkoci
Summary: This study presents a label-free impedimetric genosensor for the sensitive detection of pork residues in meat, utilizing the biosensing capabilities of graphene acid. The sensor can detect pork residues in beef in less than 45 minutes, with a detection limit of 9%.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Jie Chen, Kai -Chun Lin, Shalini Prasad, David W. Schmidtke
Summary: In this paper, a novel label-free biosensor for real-time monitoring of acetylcholine was demonstrated. The sensor showed a linear relationship between acetylcholine concentration and Delta Zmod, and it remained responsive in complex environments and even after implantation in rat brain tissue.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chen-chen Li, Yue-hong Dong, Xiaoran Zou, Xiliang Luo, Dazhong Shen, Juan Hu, Chun-yang Zhang
Summary: A label-free and template-free chemiluminescent biosensor, termed hmC-GLIB-IAS, has been developed for sensitive detection of 5hmC in genomic DNA. This method shows advantages of bisulfite-free, improved sensitivity, and genome-wide analysis of 5hmC at constant reaction temperature. It can detect 5hmC with a high reproducibility and accuracy without isotope-labeled substrates or specific antibodies.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nadja E. Solis-Marcano, Myreisa Morales-Cruz, Gabriela Vega-Hernandez, Ramon Gomez-Moreno, Claudia Binder, Abel Baerga-Ortiz, Craig Priest, Carlos R. Cabrera
Summary: A fast PCR-assisted impedimetric biosensor was developed for selective detection of the clbN gene in real Escherichia coli samples, responsible for producing the harmful genotoxin colibactin. The study demonstrated successful identification of target DNA by monitoring changes in charge transfer resistance values before and after PCR. The biosensor showed effective distinction between target interaction, with a calculated limit of detection of 17 ng/μL.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cigdem Gozde Aslan, Hilmiye Deniz Ertugrul Uygun, Zihni Onur Uygun, Nalan Gulsen Unal, Yasemin Akcay
Summary: This study introduces an innovative approach to diagnosing Crohn's disease using a rapid and precise biosensor system as an alternative to conventional detection techniques. The biosensor demonstrates its capability to reliably measure calprotectin levels in real samples.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muflihah, Ari Hardianto, Pintaka Kusumaningtyas, Sulistyo Prabowo, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
Summary: Determination of halal food is crucial for ensuring consumer satisfaction, especially among Muslims. DNA quantification, particularly using the CRISPR method, is believed to provide accurate and fast results in detecting pork content in food. This article provides a short review on various DNA-based methods, including PCR and biosensor, and stresses the importance of further developing the CRISPR method.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cansu Pinar Yenice, Nassif Chahin, Miriam Jauset-Rubio, Matthew Hall, Phil Biggs, Hans-Peter Dimai, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Mayreli Ortiz, Ciara K. O'Sullivan
Summary: The detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is increasingly important in various fields. This study presents a semi-automated system for solid-phase electrochemical melting curve analysis (e'MCA) to identify the allele present at a specific SNP site associated with an increased risk of bone fracture and predisposition to osteoporosis.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Li, Zhengbo Chen
Summary: In this study, a high specificity, flexibility, and simplicity aptasensor strategy was designed using a triblock DNA probe. It was found that the polyA fragment could assemble on the gold electrode surface via polyA instead of traditional Au-S bonds, leading to improved hybridization stability. The electrochemical aptasensor showed good repeatability, stability, and specificity.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ying-Feng Chang, Yi-Te Chou, Chia-Yu Cheng, Jen-Fu Hsu, Li-Chen Su, Ja-an Annie Ho
Summary: A newly designed SPR biosensor was developed for CMV-specific microRNA detection, featuring a simple modification-free approach with high affinity, along with the use of magnetic nanoparticles for analyte separation and signal amplification. The sensor was successful in multidetection of CMV-related microRNAs and has potential for clinical diagnosis of CMV-specific microRNAs.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Omair Adil, Seth B. Eddington, Keith T. Gagnon, Mohtashim H. Shamsi
Summary: Overgrowth of short tandem repeat sequences in genes can cause neurodegenerative disorders. These repeat sequences are ideal targets for label-free electrochemical detection, but their secondary structures and sporadic repeats can complicate detection. By analyzing different nucleic acid microprobe backbones, the study found that the lock-nucleic acid (LNA) microprobe can specifically detect tandem repeats and perform better with the presence of Mg2+. The LNA-based platform shows potential for the development of a reliable biosensor for genetic neurodegenerative disorders.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Jiahao Li, Xuping Wu, Yue Li, Xin Wang, Huachuan Huang, Dan Jian, Yanke Shan, Yue Zhang, Chengcheng Wu, Guolei Tan, Shouyu Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This smartphone-based HBV detecting technique offers a cost-effective, portable and user-friendly solution for HBV detection in underdeveloped areas. It has high sensitivity and accuracy, quantifies HBV viral load quickly, and has the potential for mobile HBV diagnoses and sharing epidemic information in resource-limited situations.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bing-Yu Wang, Bien-Chen Gu, Gou-Jen Wang, Yuan-Han Yang, Chia-Che Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that a nanostructured gold electrode with deposited gold nanoparticles induced via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can be used as a conformation biosensor for the detection of Amyloid-beta(1-42) (A beta(1-42)) oligomers associated with Alzheimer's disease. The concentration of different A beta(1-42) conformations can be determined using EIS analysis with an equivalent circuit model. Probe antibodies (12F4) are used to identify the conformations of A beta(1-42) monomers and oligomers.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Ruiyun Zhou, Chen Wang, Yuxin Huang, Kang Huang, Yingli Wang, Wendao Xu, Lijuan Xie, Yibin Ying
Summary: This study investigates the integration of graphene with THz metasurface into a microfluidic cell for sensitive biosensing in liquid environment, demonstrating high sensitivity in detecting DNA sequences of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The results suggest the potential of the proposed graphene-metasurface microfluidic biosensor for label-free biosensing applications.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chun-Ying Wu, Hsiu J. Ho, Chen-Yi Wu, Yi-Ju Chen, Teng-Yu Lee, Yao-Chun Hsu, Jaw-Town Lin
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jason J. Liu, Chuan-Yu Chen, Edward Giovannucci, Chun-Ying Wu
Summary: The study found that survivors of childhood and adolescent cancers diagnosed from 1975 to 2015 have significantly elevated risks of developing digestive system cancers compared to the general population in the US. Among the 41,249 cancer survivors, 133 developed subsequent primary digestive system cancer, with bone cancer, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma survivors having the highest risks. The findings suggest the need for surveillance recommendations for childhood and adolescent cancer survivors and further studies to understand the mechanisms behind the increased risks of digestive system cancers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chen-Yi Wu, Chun-Ying Wu, Chung-Pin Li, Yiing-Jenq Chou, Yi-Hsian Lin, Yun-Ting Chang
Summary: This study found that diabetic patients treated with DPP4 inhibitors had a significantly increased risk of bullous pemphigoid, especially when used concurrently with insulin.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Chen-Yi Wu, Chun-Ying Wu, Chung-Pin Li, Yi-Hsian Lin, Yun-Ting Chang
Summary: The use of immunosuppressants was found to be associated with a reduced risk of mortality in patients with bullous pemphigoid. The mortality rate over five years was significantly lower in the group using immunosuppressants compared to those using only corticosteroids. The most substantial decrease in mortality risk was observed in patients under 70 years of age.
Article
Dermatology
Teng-Li Lin, Chun-Ying Wu, Chao-Kuei Juan, Yun-Ting Chang, Yi-Ju Chen
Summary: CLE-alone patients have an increased risk of developing non-SLE autoimmune diseases in the future, with females and those on long-term systemic corticosteroids being more susceptible to this outcome.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Fang-Yu Lin, Pei-Yuan Lee, Tien-Fu Chu, Chang- Peng, Gou-Jen Wang
Summary: The study introduces a Pt/Au alloy electrode for enzyme-free glucose detection in a neutral environment with excellent specificity and sensitivity, showing feasibility for clinical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Ching-Li Chen, Chun-Ying Wu, Ying-Syuan Lyu, Yiing-Jenq Chou, Yun-Ting Chang, Chen-Yi Wu
Summary: This study examined the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients in Taiwan and found that BP patients had a significantly higher rate of VTE compared to non-BP patients. BP was identified as a significant risk factor for VTE, along with cancer, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and female sex.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wei-Jhen Wang, Min-Chuan Chou, Ya-Jane Lee, Wei-Li Hsu, Gou-Jen Wang
Summary: A novel electrochemical immunosensor based on a gold nanoparticle electrode was proposed for accurate detection of NGAL in cat urine samples. The sensing scheme demonstrated a wide detection range and low limit of detection, enabling the differentiation of kidney health status.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Po-Min Chung, Ying-Ting Lin, Gou-Jen Wang
Summary: An Au/Ni nanopillar microarray electrode was developed for detecting red blood cell (RBC) concentrations. The electrode was fabricated using AAO as the template and had a diameter of 50 µm. The detection scheme showed two linear detection ranges and high recovery rates in whole blood sample tests, indicating its feasibility for RBC concentration detection in real blood samples.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ying-Ting Lin, Yen-Ting Tung, Jhen-Yuan Wong, Gou-Jen Wang
Summary: To study biochemical and mechanical properties, it is necessary to engineer customized capillary networks that match the characteristics of different organs. A scaffold-wrapping approach was used to create a perfusable capillary network by culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a patterned fibrin scaffold and encapsulating it in collagen gel to form a vascular lumen. The dimensions of the capillary network could be controlled at the micrometer level.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
T-L Lin, C-M Kuo, Y-L Chang, H. J. J. Ho, Y-J Chen, C-Y Wu
Summary: This study aimed to assess the psychiatric hazards in psoriasis patients prescribed acitretin compared with those prescribed disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The study found that acitretin was associated with higher risks of psychiatric disorders compared to DMARDs.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chun-Chiang Tseng, Ying-Ting Lin, Gou-Jen Wang
Summary: This study developed a novel electrochemical glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) immunosensor based on a nanostructured electrode. The HbA1c antibodies were successfully immobilized on the electrode, and the sensor showed a linear detection range from 2500 to 10,000 ng/mL with a low limit of detection of 2253 ng/mL. The developed HbA1c-sensing chip offers simple operation, low cost, short detection time, and high feasibility for clinical application.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Smruti R. Sahoo, Chun-Ta Huang, Kunju Tsai, Gou-Jen Wang, Cheng-Chung Chang
Summary: In this study, a single-component, multiscale, three-dimensional SERS substrate was fabricated using silver nanowires packing. The substrate exhibited strong Raman enhancement effect and isotropic localized surface plasmon resonance. Experimental results showed that the substrate had high efficiency and sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2-related biomolecules.
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Teng-Yu Lee, Yao-Chun Hsu, Hsiu J. Ho, Jaw-Town Lin, Yi-Ju Chen, Chun-Ying Wu
Summary: Aspirin therapy is significantly associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.
Article
Dermatology
Po-Chien Wu, Chun-Ying Wu, Ying-Syuan Lyu, Yun-Ting Chang, Chen-Yi Wu
Summary: This population-based case-control study investigated the association between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and atopic dermatitis (AD) in Taiwan. The study found that AD was independently associated with BP, increasing the risk of developing BP by 76%. Other significant risk factors for BP included psoriasis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuropsychiatric diseases, and autoimmune connective tissue disease.
ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Reza Khodadadi, Manouchehr Eghbal, Hamideh Ofoghi, Alireza Balaei, Ali Tamayol, Karen Abrinia, Amir Sanati-Nezhad, Mohamadmahdi Samandari
Summary: This paper introduces an integrated portable centrifugal microfluidic system that automates cell and fluid manipulation for complete blood counting (CBC) analysis at the point-of-care (POC). The system utilizes a specially designed microfluidic disc for cell separation, solution metering and mixing, and cell counting, and is equipped with a custom script for automated quantification of cells. The proposed method shows a strong correlation with the gold standard hematology analyzer for various blood parameters. The portable system offers simplicity, affordability, and low power consumption, making it a potential solution for improving healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings and remote areas.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Nabil H. Bhuiyan, Joon S. Shim
Summary: Developing herd immunity is crucial for changing the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. An AI-driven point-of-care testing platform has been proposed for analyzing the body's response to SARS-CoV-2, and it has been successfully used for quantifying viral proteins and antibodies in blood samples. A data-receptive web-based dashboard system has also been developed for real-time analysis of herd immunity progress.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Alexiane Godain, Timothy M. Vogel, Pascal Fongarland, Naoufel Haddour
Summary: This study provides comprehensive insights into the intricate relationship between shear stress and electroactive biofilms in microbial fuel cells, highlighting the pivotal role of shear stress in influencing the growth kinetics, electrical performance, and physical structure of the biofilms. The study also emphasizes the complexities of extracellular electron transfer mechanisms and the need for complementary metaproteomic analyses.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Linjie Wang, Yixin Chen, Yang Ji, Shujun Zheng, Fei Wang, Caolong Li
Summary: A paper-based biosensor incorporating surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and colorimetric detection has been developed for efficient quantification of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The biosensor exhibits excellent selectivity, stability, and precision, with low detection limits in both SERS and colorimetric modes. It has been successfully utilized for intracellular GSH detection and validated against a commercial GSH assay kit.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Quan Zhou, Jing Wang, Zhen Zhang, Alain Wuethrich, Richard J. Lobb, Matt Trau
Summary: This study presents a biosensor for sensitive detection of EMT-associated biomarkers on extracellular vesicles (EVs) surfaces during targeted therapy. Through longitudinal monitoring of patients, the biosensor shows its ability to identify the EMT-like phenotype switching on circulating EVs during the development of resistance.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Review
Biophysics
Pratika Rai, Sabrina N. Hoba, Celine Buchmann, Robert J. Subirana-Slotos, Christian Kersten, Tanja Schirmeister, Kristina Endres, Bernd Bufe, Alexey Tarasov
Summary: Proteases have been proposed as potential biomarkers for various pathological conditions. The development of protease biosensors offers a more efficient way to investigate dysregulated proteases. This review article presents different optical and electrochemical detection methods for designing biosensors for all major protease families.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Chengxin Liu, Xu Shen, Li Yan, Runlian Qu, Yue Wang, Yaqin He, Zixuan Zhan, Piaopiao Chen, Feng Lin
Summary: In this study, a homogeneous rapid electrochemical aptasensor was developed to quantitatively detect CTCs in lung cancer patients. The aptasensor utilized a DNA nanosphere structure and a complementary aptamer to specifically detect mucin 1 as a marker for CTCs. The assay exhibited high specificity and sensitivity, and the results were consistent with other detection methods.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Danni Xue, Xing Dai, Jialong Zhao, Jiayao Zhang, Huan Liu, Kui Liu, Tao Xu, Chenjie Gu, Xingfei Zhou, Tao Jiang
Summary: In this study, a dual-enhancement SERS substrate based on Ti3C2TX and Ag nanocubes was fabricated for precise quantification of ritonavir and ibrutinib in serum. The formation of numerous electromagnetic hotspots between Ag nanocubes facilitated effective photo-induced charge transfer. The composite substrate showed excellent sensitivity, achieving low detection limits and high recoveries, making it promising for monitoring and identification of clinical blood drug concentration.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Tenghua Zhang, Zihui Xie, Xiaohe Zheng, Yuxin Liang, Yao Lu, Hankang Zhong, Feiyang Qian, Yuqing Zhu, Ruiting Sun, Yan Sheng, Jiaming Hu
Summary: This study reports a technology based on cationic lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for efficient extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment and in-situ detection of internal microRNAs. The technology demonstrates high EV enrichment efficiency and sensitive internal RNA detection, making it potentially useful for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Wenjie Dai, Gaoxu Chen, Xiaoyan Wang, Shujun Zhen, Chengzhi Huang, Lei Zhan, Yuanfang Li
Summary: In this study, a novel metal organic gel (MOG) with dual electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties was prepared by simple mixing. The MOG exhibited strong and stable anodic and cathodic ECL signals. By utilizing this MOG, an ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) biosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of a specific gene. The study developed a straightforward technique for obtaining a single luminescent material with dual signals and expanded the analytical application of MOGs in the realm of ECL.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Lais Canniatti Brazaca, Amanda Hikari Imamura, Rodrigo Vieira Blasques, Jessica Rocha Camargo, Bruno Campos Janegitz, Emanuel Carrilho
Summary: The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (muPADs) for medical diagnosis is a growing trend due to their low cost, easy use, simple manufacturing, and potential for application in low-resource settings. This review focuses on the advances in muPADs for medical diagnostics, discussing their use in detecting various biomarkers in common human biofluids. The challenges of biomarker detection in each sample are examined, along with innovative techniques to overcome these limitations. The commercialization difficulties of muPADs are also considered, along with future trends such as wearable devices and integrated platforms.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Minghong Jian, Xudong Sun, Hua Zhang, Xiaotong Li, Shasha Li, Zhenxin Wang
Summary: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are attractive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but their low abundance in biological samples, especially in the early stages of tumors, makes it challenging to precisely analyze MMP activities. In this study, a peptide microarray-based metal-enhanced fluorescence assay (PMMEFA) is proposed as a sensitive and specific method to simultaneously detect MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, and -13 activities. The PMMEFA showed excellent sensitivity and was capable of detecting MMP activities in various matrices.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Kyung Ho Kim, Eunsu Ryu, Zinah Hilal Khaleel, Sung Eun Seo, Lina Kim, Yong Ho Kim, Hyun Gyu Park, Oh Seok Kwon
Summary: We have developed a novel strategy for discriminative detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants using the plasmonic photothermal effect of gold nanofilms and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) technology. With this method, we were able to detect the delta and omicron variants with high sensitivity within 25 minutes from COVID-19 patients' clinical samples, making it a rapid and accurate point-of-care testing tool.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Zepeng Kang, Yuanming Wang, Haiyan Song, Xueli Wang, Job Zhang, Zhiguang Zhu
Summary: By designing a wearable and flexible lactic-acid/O2 EBFC with an air-breathing biocathode, the limitations of biocathode are effectively solved. The optimal performance conditions are determined through experiments, and the EBFC is successfully applied to power a low-power device.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Huayun Chen, Zhiheng You, Yuhui Hong, Xiao Wang, Mingming Zhao, Yushi Luan, Yibin Ying, Yixian Wang
Summary: This study developed a colorimetric sensor array using gas-responsive two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) composites for highly sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The dye/Zn-2(bim)(4) composites-based sensor arrays showed enhanced sensitivity and anti-interference properties. The findings demonstrate the potential use of dye/Zn-2(bim)(4) sensor arrays for early perception of plant diseases.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2024)