Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chao Hu, Ruide Lei, Filippo Berto
Summary: This paper proposes an efficient direct simulation approach using low-discrepancy sampling to evaluate the reliability of slope stability. By considering the inherent law between soil strength parameters and slope stability, the method can reduce computational costs and improve efficiency.
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Nicolas Lartillot
Summary: There is no consensus on how to select models in Bayesian phylogenetics and applied Bayesian statistics. While Bayes factors are often considered the method of choice, other approaches like cross-validation or information criteria have been proposed. These paradigms differ in their statistical meaning and present specific computational challenges, but may be valid for addressing different questions. This study reassesses Bayesian model selection and finds that cross-validation, especially leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) and its asymptotic equivalent (wAIC), is a more adequate formalism for selecting the best-approximating model.
SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Travis Torres, Nicola Anselmi, Payam Nayeri, Paolo Rocca, Randy Haupt
Summary: This paper introduces a low discrepancy sequence (LDS) for generating element locations in sparse planar arrays without grating lobes, which reduces the grating lobes while keeping elements far enough apart; numerical results show these techniques can completely remove grating lobes of sparse arrays; Poisson disk sampling technique outperforms other approaches and is recommended for sparse arrays.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tomasz H. Szymura, Dominika Chmolowska, Magdalena Szymura, Adam Zajqc, Henok Kassa
Summary: One of the challenges in modelling biological invasion is the lack of valid data on the absence of invasive species. The presence of biased squares, which can be determined by environmental factors, can affect the performance of invasion models. By excluding biased squares, the performance of invasion models can be improved.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adnan Ashraf, Sobia Pervaiz, Waqas Haider Bangyal, Kashif Nisar, Ag Asri Ag Ibrahim, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Danda B. Rawat
Summary: Meta-heuristic algorithms are widely used to solve optimization challenges, with a focus on population initialization. This paper introduces three new low discrepancy sequences and provides a detailed survey of different initialization methods, showing that initialization based on low discrepancy sequences is more effective than uniform random numbers.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kat Kolaski, Lynne Romeiser Logan, John P. A. Ioannidis
Summary: There is accumulating evidence that many systematic reviews are flawed, biased, redundant, or uninformative. Although improvements have been made, current methodological standards are often disregarded by guideline developers, peer reviewers, and journal editors. There is a need to promote understanding and appreciation of evidence synthesis among stakeholders.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Abdullah Elewi, Semih Kahveci, Erdinc Avaroglu
Summary: Image contrast enhancement, which aims to improve the distinguishability of objects in images and the quality of visual information, is a crucial step in image processing. This paper proposes a modified gray wolf optimization algorithm, utilizing Halton low-discrepancy sequence for population initialization, and employing an effective metric as fitness function to address the image contrast enhancement problem. Experimental results on TID2013 and CSIQ datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over other metaheuristic algorithms and traditional histogram equalization-based methods in terms of various evaluation metrics.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Waqas Haider Bangyal, Kashif Nisar, Ag Asri Bin Ag Ibrahim, Muhammad Reazul Haque, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Danda B. Rawat
Summary: Population initialization is crucial in metaheuristic algorithms, and quasirandom sequences are more useful for improving diversity and convergence factors compared to random distribution.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Ernesto S. Nakayasu, Marina Gritsenko, Paul D. Piehowski, Yuqian Gao, Daniel J. Orton, Athena A. Schepmoes, Thomas L. Fillmore, Brigitte I. Frohnert, Marian Rewers, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Charles Ansong, Astrid M. Suchy-Dicey, Carmella Evans-Molina, Wei-Jun Qian, Bobbie-Jo M. Webb-Robertson, Thomas O. Metz
Summary: Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics is a powerful method for discovering disease biomarkers, but critical steps in study design are often neglected. These steps include cohort selection, evaluation of statistical power, sample blinding and randomization, and quality control.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Kat Kolaski, Lynne Romeiser Logan, John P. A. Ioannidis
Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that many systematic reviews suffer from methodological flaws, bias, redundancy, or lack of informative value. Although efforts have been made to improve the methods used in these reviews, many authors fail to consistently apply updated methods, and guideline developers, peer reviewers, and journal editors often ignore current methodological standards. This lack of awareness and adherence to standards among clinicians may lead to the uncritical acceptance of evidence syntheses as trustworthy. Hence, there is a need to distill the complex information on evidence synthesis into a format that is accessible to authors, peer reviewers, and editors. Our objective is to address the deficiencies in current evidence synthesis practices, explain the rationale behind methodological standards, and provide practical strategies for improvement.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kat Kolaski, Lynne Romeiser Logan, John P. A. Ioannidis
Summary: There are many methodological flaws, biases, redundancies, and lack of information in systematic reviews. Many authors do not consistently apply updated methods, and guideline developers, peer reviewers, and journal editors often ignore current methodological standards. Despite being acknowledged in the methodological literature, most clinicians are unaware of these issues and may blindly trust evidence syntheses.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kamil Konowalik, Agata Nosol
Summary: The study investigates the influence of different datasets on ecological niche modeling, showing that both local and general datasets can produce useful predictions for species distribution ranges. Results indicate the potential of using manually georeferenced archival sources in reconstructions aimed at establishing species' ecological niches.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Aydin Demircioglu
Summary: In radiomic studies, performing feature selection before cross-validation can lead to bias, and it is important to conduct feature selection within cross-validation to reduce bias.
INSIGHTS INTO IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Simon Suster, Timothy Baldwin, Jey Han Lau, Antonio Jimeno Yepes, David Martinez Iraola, Yulia Otmakhova, Karin Verspoor
Summary: The study proposes a quality assessment task that provides an overall quality rating for each body of evidence (BoE) and justification for different quality criteria. A machine learning system (EvidenceGRADEr) is developed to automate the quality assessment process using a new dataset. The results show that the system performs well for some quality criteria but struggles with others due to limited data availability. This technology has the potential to reduce reviewer workload and expedite evidence synthesis.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Jerzy Wieczorek, Cole Guerin, Thomas McMahon
Summary: This article introduces a CV methodology suitable for complex survey sampling designs, which takes into account survey design features and improves the accuracy of inference.