Shaping the wavefront of light with high-order and short-period mode metasurfaces

We numerically investigate metasurfaces based on the well-known V-shaped antennas operating in high-order modes and short-period modes for shaping the wavefront of light. By careful arrangement of the V-shaped antennas, we design two novel super cells with large phase gradients. As a proof of concept, we design two novel metasurfaces by simulation to operate in high-order modes and short-period modes. In particular, the short-period combination can be equivalent to a metasurface operating in the second-order mode. Based on the new concept, we further arrange two azimuthal phase gradient metasurfaces to generate optical vortex beams with topological charges n = 3 and n = 2. Our results will further extend photonic research and new applications of metasurfaces.