Article
Environmental Sciences
Linlin Li, Jing Zhang, Qiuyue Shi, Shaoyong Lu
Summary: To compare the effect of different oxygen supply strategies on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands, tidal flow constructed wetlands (TFCWs) and intermittently aerated constructed wetlands (IACWs) were investigated. Results showed that IACWs had high removal efficiencies for NH4+-N and COD, while TFCWs showed higher efficiency for total nitrogen removal due to enhanced nitrification and denitrification. The bacterial communities in TFCWs were enriched with key genera related to nitrogen transformation, while IACWs had a more complex and robust community structure.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fei-Long Yan, Yi Wang, Wen-Huai Wang, Heng Zhang, Yu-Cong Zheng, Xiao-Mei Kou, Shi-Zhang Wu, Tian Shao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different factors on pollutant removal in two sets of hybrid constructed wetlands treating domestic sewage. It was found that the combination of vertical flow with horizontal flow wetlands showed better TN removal capacity, and intermittent aeration had little impact on COD and NH4+-N removal. The contribution of plants to nitrogen and phosphorus removal, as well as the influence of plant rhizosphere on nitrification activity, were significant in both wetland systems.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. Pascual, J. A. Alvarez, D. de la Varga, C. A. Arias, D. Van Oirschot, R. Kilian, M. Soto
Summary: The influence of bed depth on the performance of aerated horizontal constructed wetlands was investigated at the pilot plant scale. The results showed that a larger bed depth and artificial aeration can improve the loading rate and the removal efficiency of organic matter and nitrogen in the horizontal constructed wetlands.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Naveen Chand, Surindra Suthar, Kapil Kumar, Vinay Kumar Tyagi
Summary: This study investigated the efficiency of Colocasia and cattle dung biochar in a constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment. Results showed that the VSSFCW with biochar addition had higher removal efficiencies for COD, nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, phosphate, and total coliforms, with stable performance over a 40-day treatment period. Biochar amended VSSFCW also demonstrated advantages in terms of leaf area, biomass growth, N-uptake, and P-uptake rate.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Peng Yang, Rongrong Hou, Danping Li, Rongfang Yuan, Fei Wang, Zhongbing Chen, Beihai Zhou, Huilun Chen
Summary: The subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) is widely used in rural decentralized sewage treatment due to its cost-effectiveness, low energy consumption, and high efficiency. However, the mechanisms and optimization methods for SWIS nitrogen removal have not been well summarized. This review provides an overview of the nitrogen removal efficiency and mechanism of SWIS, highlights the advantages of different types of fillers and plants used in substrate improvement, and proposes a clear adjustment range and control method for system operating parameters. It also summarizes the role of bioaugmentation in nitrogen removal and evaluates the development and application of SWIS in rural areas.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Paraskevas Parlakidis, Ioanna Gounari, Aristidis Georgiou, George Adamidis, Zisis Vryzas, Georgios D. Gikas
Summary: This study aims to investigate the efficiency of four pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in remediating myclobutanil and triticonazole. The results show that the removal rate of the fungicides is influenced by the wetland design and plant species.
Article
Ecology
M. I. Vega De Lille, M. A. Hernandez Cardona, Y. A. Tzakum Xicum, G. Giacoman-Vallejos, C. A. Quintal-Franco
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of a domestic wastewater treatment system using hybrid constructed wetlands under tropical climate. Regardless of plant selection and contact time, the systems were able to remove over 92% of organic matter, 88% of TSS, and 99% of pathogens. To achieve efficient nutrient removal, a combination of 4-day contact time and vegetation was necessary. Recirculation strategies were also evaluated to enhance nitrogen removal, with satisfactory results achieved by combining RS2 with the plant species Typha dominguensis.
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chong Cao, Juan Huang, Chun-Ni Yan, Yi-Xuan Ma, Jun Xiao, Xin-Xin Zhang
Summary: The addition of AgNPs significantly inhibited NH4+-N removal, but the impacts varied in constructed wetlands with different flow directions. 0.5 mg/L AgNPs led to better NH4+-N removal in downward flow CW, while higher nitrifying gene abundances in upward flow CW at 2.0 mg/L resulted in better NH4+-N removal.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Georgios D. Gikas, Vassiliki A. Papaevangelou, Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis, Maria Antonopoulou, Ioannis K. Konstantinou
Summary: The study indicates that biodegradation and adsorption onto substrate were the most prevalent removal routes of the target EPs in CWs.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Asmaa Masharqa, Sharaf Al-Tardeh, Rawan Mlih, Roland Bol
Summary: Developing safer and environmentally friendly methods for wastewater management is crucial worldwide. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been effective and low-cost in treating polluted water. This review paper focuses on the efficiency of pollutant-removal from domestic wastewater using vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) and hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs). The study shows that VFCW and HCW have similar performance in removing pollutants from domestic wastewater.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuru Wang, Zhenxin Shang, Wei Lan, Shuang Liang, Xinsheng Kang, Zhen Hu
Summary: This study used peat and intermittent aeration to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency in magnesia-containing constructed wetlands, resulting in improved plant growth and microbial abundance, and reduced global warming potential.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Arturo Montoya, Allan Tejeda, Belkis Sulbaran-Rangel, Florentina Zurita
Summary: This study evaluated the treatment of tequila vinasse (TV) in two types of constructed wetlands (CWs), showing similar high removal efficiencies for various pollutants. The highest removal percentages were obtained at 40% of dilution in both horizontal subsurface flow wetlands (HSSFWs) and vertical upflow wetlands (VUFWs). This research demonstrates the potential of CWs as an effective treatment system for TV.
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tongtong Zhou, Jiangong Liu, Zhiyang Lie, Derrick Y. F. Lai
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different carbon substrates on the treatment efficiency of hydroponic wastewater using vertical flow constructed wetlands. The addition of sucrose and common reed litter improved the removal of nitrogen and phosphate, and the common reed litter also reduced the emission of greenhouse gases.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hong-cheng Wang, Ying Liu, Yu-meng Yang, Ying-ke Fang, Shuang Luo, Hao-yi Cheng, Ai-jie Wang
Summary: Constructed wetlands integrated with sulfur autotrophic denitrification using elemental sulfur as the carbon source have the potential to efficiently remove nitrogen from carbon-limited wastewater. The sulfur autotrophic denitrification process in the SCW enhances nitrate removal efficiency and rate. The combined CW-SCW system allows for simultaneous removal of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrate.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Leslie Behrends, Laura Houke, Earl Bailey, Pat Jansen
Summary: A microcosm treatability study was conducted in a wetland research facility in the USA. The study found that wastewater treatment with reciprocation significantly improved removal of COD and ammonium.
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hoang Nhat Phong Vo, Thi Minh Hong Nguyen, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Pradeep Shukla
Summary: The widespread use of PFASs-related products has led to increasing contamination of groundwater. This study found that biochar column can effectively sorb PFASs in groundwater, with dissolved organic matter playing a key role in the sorption process.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lijuan Deng, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo, Xinbo Zhang, Cheng Chen, Zhuo Chen, Dongle Cheng, Shou-Qing Ni, Quan Wang
Summary: This review highlights the importance of media used in attached growth MBR (AGMBR) for wastewater treatment, with conventional media enhancing pollutant removal and new media excelling in removing emerging pollutants. Additionally, media improve sludge characteristics and alleviate membrane fouling issues. Future research should focus on developing new functional media for wider spectrum pollutant removal and enhancing biogas generation in AGMBRs at pilot or full-scale levels.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Min Yang, Xiaolei Zhang, Yicheng Yang, Qiang Liu, Long D. Nghiem, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo
Summary: The study found that BC-ZVI had a significantly better degradation effect on PFOA compared to BC and ZVI alone, achieving over 99% removal within 6 hours under hydro-thermal conditions. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses suggested that carbothermal reduction could prevent ZVI agglomeration on biochar, making the degradation process more efficient. Density functional theory calculations showed that edge loaded ZVI on BC had a greater tendency to provide electrons for PFOA defluorination than internally loaded ZVI.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thu Thuy Nguyen, Tien Dat Pham, Chi Trung Nguyen, Jacob Delfos, Robert Archibald, Kinh Bac Dang, Ngoc Bich Hoang, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo
Summary: This research develops a state-of-the-art machine learning model for quantifying agricultural soil carbon by using active learning, multi-sensor data fusion, and Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm. The model combines Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data effectively to estimate SOC in farming areas and outperforms traditional algorithms like Random Forests and Support Vector Machine. The proposed approach of multi-sensor data fusion with XGBoost leads to the best prediction results for agricultural SOC, contributing significantly to global soil organic carbon retrieval studies.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lu Dong, Jian Zhang, Zizhang Guo, Ming Li, Haiming Wu
Summary: Groundwater as a major source of fresh water in semi-arid regions is facing severe threats from pollutants such as dissolved organic matter (DOM) and heavy metals, which are caused by human activities. This study conducted research on shallow groundwater samples from the Guanzhong basin in China, and found that DOM and heavy metals in groundwater are influenced by each other. Additionally, the presence of DOM in groundwater strongly affects the bioavailability, migration, and transformation of manganese.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yingrun Chen, Jian Zhang, Zizhang Guo, Ming Li, Haiming Wu
Summary: This study explored the effects of biomass dosage on the treatment performance, N2O emission, and microbial metabolites in constructed wetlands. The results showed that the addition of biomass significantly enhanced the denitrification performance, with a slight increase in N2O emission. Additionally, the biomass addition increased the accumulation of EPS.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junyu Huo, Chaoyu Li, Xiaojin Hu, Huijun Xie, Zhen Hu, Haiming Wu, Shuang Liang, Jian Zhang
Summary: Iron ore and manganese ore filled constructed wetlands showed better nitrogen removal performance than river sand filled wetlands under antibiotics stress, due to the presence of more abundant and diverse nitrogen-associated bacteria.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuankun Hao, Xinbo Zhang, Qing Du, Huizhong Wang, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Yufeng Zhang, Tianwei Long, Li Qi
Summary: A novel integrated system combining an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) and a single-chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell (ScMFC) was designed to enhance methane production and reduce membrane fouling. The system delivered a stable micro-bioelectric field environment with a high voltage output. Compared to the conventional AnMBR, this system increased methane production and reduced soluble microbial product and extracellular polymeric substances concentrations. In addition, the trans membrane pressure also remained in a slow growth status, prolonging the system's operation cycle.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thu Thuy Nguyen, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Soon Woong Chang, Dinh Duc Nguyen, Chi Trung Nguyen, Jian Zhang, Shuang Liang, Xuan Thanh Bui, Ngoc Bich Hoang
Summary: This research presents a new approach using advanced machine learning models and multi-sensor data fusion to accurately predict soil moisture at a high spatial resolution in research areas of Australia. The XGBR-GA model, incorporating features derived from Sentinel and ALOS imagery, demonstrated the highest performance in soil moisture prediction compared to other machine learning models. This approach has significant implications for precision agriculture and drought resilience programs.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Siran Feng, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Soon Woong Chang, Dinh Duc Nguyen, Yi Liu, Shicheng Zhang, Hoang Nhat Phong Vo, Xuan Thanh Bui, Bich Ngoc Hoang
Summary: This review provides an overview of the roles and applications of enzymes in volatile fatty acids production, as well as feasible measures to enhance enzyme processes. It critically evaluates the major obstacles and possible future research directions for the better utilization of enzymatic processes in promoting volatile fatty acids production from wastewater.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Minh Hang Do, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Soon Woong Chang, Dinh Duc Nguyen, Qiang Liu, Duc Long Nghiem, Bui Xuan Thanh, Xinbo Zhang, Ngoc Bich Hoang
Summary: This research investigates the potential of a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell as a biosensor for detecting Bisphenol A in wastewater. The study finds that optimizing operational conditions can enhance the accuracy of the sensor signal and that adding BPA improves voltage generation. Scanning electron microscope images confirm the presence of electroactive biofilm.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Haiming Wu, Ruigang Wang, Peihao Yan, Shubiao Wu, Zhongbing Chen, Yaqian Zhao, Cheng Cheng, Zhen Hu, Linlan Zhuang, Zizhang Guo, Huijun Xie, Jian Zhang
Summary: This article discusses the application, principles, and operational strategies of constructed wetlands (CWs) and provides guidance on their design and maintenance. CWs are used in over 50 countries to sustainably treat wastewater by utilizing natural processes to remove organic matter and nutrients while providing additional benefits such as ecosystem services and recreation. However, their performance can be affected by various factors, including weather conditions, wastewater composition, and operation.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Lijuan Deng, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo, Xinbo Zhang, Dong Wei, Qin Wei, Shihai Deng
Summary: This review presents the latest developments in catalytic upcycling of polymer wastes, including high-temperature and low- to intermediate-temperature approaches. Diverse value-added products are obtained from these methods.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yi-Lu Sun, Han-Lin Wang, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Bing-Jie Ni, Xue-Ning Zhang, Wei Wei
Summary: In this study, a comprehensive methodology was developed to design and operate S0AD bioreactors, effectively managing fluctuations in nitrogen removal efficiency caused by seasonal temperature variations. By establishing a mathematical model and considering influence factors, a pilot-scale bioreactor was designed to maintain a stable effluent nitrate concentration throughout the year, resulting in a substantial reduction in excessive nitrate removal, sulfur consumption, and sulfate production.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Seyed Masoud Parsa, Fatemeh Norozpour, Saba Momeni, Shahin Shoeibi, Xiangkang Zeng, Zafar Said, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo, Bing-Jie Ni
Summary: The consumption of biologically-contaminated water annually leads to numerous deaths, especially among children in developing countries. Solar-based water desalination systems, with the use of nanomaterials, are considered effective in providing safe drinking water by eliminating biological contaminants. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of nanomaterial-assisted solar stills and solar interfacial evaporators in combating various forms of biological contamination, focusing on viruses and antimicrobial resistance pathogens. The potential transmission routes and importance of AMR pathogens in the environment and water bodies are also discussed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
