Review
Immunology
Vivien Beziat, Emmanuelle Jouanguy
Summary: Oncoviruses are viruses that can cause tumors, with seven viruses currently recognized as oncogenic in humans. Infections with these oncoviruses can result in a wide range of clinical phenotypes from asymptomatic infection to invasive cancers. Studies of patients with inborn errors of immunity have helped deepen our understanding of the mechanisms controlling infections with certain oncoviruses.
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Bin Ma, Kangchun Wang, Yu Liang, Qingkai Meng, Yongmin Li
Summary: This study investigated the role of EVA1B in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and prognosis. The results showed that EVA1B was upregulated in CRC and correlated with DNA repair and immune activation. High EVA1B expression indicated undesirable prognosis and drug sensitivity. A genomic model and nomogram were developed to predict patients' prognosis and survival probability. Experimental validation demonstrated the correlation between EVA1B overexpression and CRC tumorigenesis. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic analysis of EVA1B in CRC.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yongkun Chen, Laura Graf, Tao Chen, Qijun Liao, Tian Bai, Philipp P. Petric, Wenfei Zhu, Lei Yang, Jie Dong, Jian Lu, Ying Chen, Juan Shen, Otto Haller, Peter Staeheli, Georg Kochs, Dayan Wang, Martin Schwemmle, Yuelong Shu
Summary: Research shows a strong association between rare variants in the MX1 gene and H7N9 infection in humans. The identified MxA protein variants lost the ability to inhibit avian IAVs, exerting a dominant-negative effect on wild-type MxA's antiviral function, possibly leading to an MxA null phenotype in heterozygous carriers. This study provides genetic evidence for the crucial role of MX1-based antiviral defense in controlling zoonotic IAV infections in humans.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samia Afzal, Khadija Fiaz, Afifa Noor, Amira Saleem Sindhu, Asma Hanif, Ayesha Bibi, Muhammad Asad, Saba Nawaz, Saba Zafar, Sidra Ayub, Syeda Bariyyah Hasnain, Muhammad Shahid
Summary: Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease, and recent evidence suggests that viruses may play a significant role in its pathogenesis and development. Although some viruses have been found to be associated with breast cancer, conclusive evidence on whether viruses actually cause breast cancer is still lacking.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Luigi Marongiu, Heike Allgayer
Summary: Evidence suggests that microorganisms, including specific viruses and bacteriophages, may play a significant role in the oncogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not fully understood. Various viruses, such as EBV, HPV, JCV, and CMV, have been linked to CRC, along with bacteriophages. The complex interplay between different species within the microbiome and their impact on colorectal cells and the microenvironment may explain the challenges in establishing clear causal links between specific viral infections and CRC.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Min Gu, Kaibiao Chen, Zhichuang Ge, Jun Jiao, Tianyu Cai, Suhan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang, Xinan Jiao, Daxin Peng, Xiufan Liu
Summary: This study investigated the genetic and biologic characteristics of two Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses from pigs in China. One swine isolate showed high similarity to contemporary human Eurasian avian-like H1N1 isolates, had a preference for binding to human-type receptors, and demonstrated vigorous replication in mice without the need for adaptation.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Signe A. MacLennan, Marco A. Marra
Summary: Globally, viral infections play a substantial role in cancer development, with taxonomically diverse oncogenic viruses driving cancer through various strategies, including epigenomic dysregulation. This article discusses the disruption of epigenetic homeostasis by oncogenic viruses to promote cancer and emphasizes the impact of viral and host epigenome dysregulation on cancer hallmarks. The relationship between epigenetics and viral life cycles is illustrated through the example of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its association with malignancy. Additionally, the clinical implications of virally mediated epigenetic changes, including diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer, are highlighted.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Atif Ahmed, Muhammad Safdar, Samran Sardar, Sahar Yousaf, Fiza Farooq, Ali Raza, Muhammad Shahid, Kausar Malik, Samia Afzal
Summary: The significant increase in zoonotic viruses poses a serious threat to global public health, as 99% of infectious diseases originate from these viruses. This review discusses modern generation vaccines, such as viral vector vaccines, mRNA vaccines, DNA vaccines, synthetic vaccines, virus-like particles, and plant-based vaccines, and compares their benefits and challenges with traditional vaccines.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Shelley Klompus, Sigal Leviatan, Thomas Vogl, Roei D. Mazor, Iris N. Kalka, Liat Stoler-Barak, Nachum Nathan, Ayelet Peres, Lihee Moss, Anastasia Godneva, Sharon Kagan Ben Tikva, Eilat Shinar, Hadas Cohen-Dvashi, Ronen Gabizon, Nir London, Ron Diskin, Gur Yaari, Adina Weinberger, Ziv Shulman, Eran Segal
Summary: Research shows that antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients exhibit cross-reactivity with seasonal/common cold human coronaviruses and animal coronaviruses, identifying potential interspecies cross-reactivity. Machine learning using antibody binding data against the entire coronavirus antigen library accurately discriminates infection status, suggesting a diagnostic strategy for future pandemics.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Esther Segal, Daniel Elad
Summary: Geographic and climatic conditions, demography (age and gender), migration, socio-economic conditions, lifestyle, and environment have impacted changes in the epidemiology of dermatophytoses, as well as changes in human interaction with animals. The understanding of these factors is crucial for the prevention and treatment of dermatophytoses, which are continuously evolving and require ongoing assessment.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Maria C. White, Xinjun Wu, Blossom Damania
Summary: This review discusses recent advances in understanding how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to oncogenic viruses, and how these viruses have evolved to evade the immune system. It also explores how innate immunity can be utilized in the development of novel therapeutics against oncogenic viral infections and associated cancers.
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Madalina Preda, Loredana Sabina Cornelia Manolescu, Razvan Daniel Chivu
Summary: Alpha herpes simplex viruses pose a significant public health problem, affecting people of all ages. From common cold sores to severe conditions like encephalitis and newborn mortality, the virus produces varying levels of pathology. While there is an efficient vaccine for varicella-zoster virus, there is no available vaccine for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 despite several approaches, including trivalent subunit vaccines and bioinformatic studies. However, recent promising attempts, such as a trivalent vaccine and a multivalent DNA vaccine, offer hope for future solutions.
Article
Oncology
Rui Zhang, Yanfang Peng, Zhe Gao, Jing Qian, Kang Yang, Xinfa Wang, Wenjing Lu, Yongjie Zhu, Dezhi Qiu, Tong Jin, Gang Wang, Junping He, Ning Liu
Summary: This study found that E twenty-six variant transcription factor 4 (ETV4) is significantly upregulated in multiple cancers and is associated with poor survival outcomes. ETV4 expression is also correlated with immune cell infiltration, tumor heterogeneity, mismatch repair gene expression, DNA methylation, and tumor stemness. Additionally, ETV4 expression seems to affect sensitivity to several anticancer drugs.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaomin Ren, Jing Liu, Rui Wang, Xinling Liu, Xiaolin Ma, Zhong Lu, Zhenbo Hu, Mingzhu Zheng, Jingang Ma, Jiaqiu Li
Summary: This research analyzed the expression characteristics of LINC00857 in multiple cancers and found that high expression of LINC00857 was associated with poor prognosis and negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint gene expression. The study also found that LINC00857 was negatively associated with immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer and may accelerate cancer progression by regulating the ferroptosis pathway and glycolipid metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haswanth Vundavilli, Aniruddha Datta, Chao Sima, Jianping Hua, Rosana Lopes, Michael Bittner
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a prevalent and lethal type of cancer, with complex treatment processes that require advanced molecular genetics to understand pathway interactions responsible for disease progression. Research involves constructing the CRC pathway, identifying gene and pathway mutations, and determining optimal drug combinations for enhancing cell death. Cryptotanshinone, a traditional Chinese herb derivative, shows promise in targeting critical oncogenic mutations and improving cell death, as validated through wet lab experiments on human colorectal carcinoma cell lines.
