Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
De-liang Meng, Xiao-wei Huang, Zong-yu Feng, Meng Wang, Chao Xia, Yan-yan Zhao
Summary: The thermal decomposition behavior of Bayan Obo mixed rare earth concentrate (BOMREC) under nitrogen atmosphere was studied to provide fundamental research for advanced technology in its metallurgy. The results showed that during roasting at 500-550 degrees C, there was approximately 10% mass loss and an activation energy of 148 kJ/mol. After roasting at 550 degrees C for 2 hours, bastnaesite in BOMREC completely decomposed into rare earth oxides and fluorine oxides, with a maximum cerium oxidation efficiency of 0.58% and a maximum leaching efficiency of REEs at 49.1% after thermal decomposition at 600 degrees C for 2 hours.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dawei Shao, Jing Song, Xuebi Du, Yunchuan Deng, Zhiyi Xue, Hongdong Yu, Tao Qi
Summary: The Bayan Obo tailings are rich in valuable elements, such as Fe, F, REEs, and Nb. Among them, Sc has the highest value but its low grade and unclear occurrence state limit its application and development. In this study, the leaching process of Sc-magnetic concentrate from Bayan Obo tailings was investigated, and the effects of various leaching conditions on the extraction mechanism of Sc were reported. The results showed that the leaching temperature and initial acid concentration positively correlated with the extraction efficiency of Sc, while the mineral particle size negatively correlated with the extraction efficiency. The influence of stirring speed on leaching efficiency was found to be negligible.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xin-Jun Bao, Zhi-Jian Wang, Liu-Jiang Xi, Ji-Bo Liu, Zheng-Fu Su, Tao Yang, Wei Cheng, De-Bi Zhou
Summary: Sc2O3 was successfully extracted and separated from Bayan Obo tailings using a CaCl2-reductive carbon powder-combinative roasting method. The optimized process conditions resulted in a leaching rate of 87.51% for Sc2O3.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Peng Zu, Jie Li, Jingxuan Wu, Wenhao Zhang, Jiawei Lin, Shiwen Yi, Wenrou Su
Summary: This study investigates the roasting process of Bayan Obo rare earth concentrates mixed with Na2CO3. The phase change process and kinetic mechanism of each firing stage are analyzed. The results provide valuable insights for the recovery of elements and optimization of the production process.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yifan Chai, Yingjie Fan, Zhichao Li, Jiayi Wu, Yunhao Zhang, Yici Wang, Guoping Luo, Shengli An
Summary: The reduction process of pellets prepared from Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate was explored using thermogravimetric experiments and kinetic calculations. The reason for the abnormal swelling of these pellets was analyzed from a kinetics perspective. The results showed that carbon deposition, interfacial chemical reaction, and internal diffusion controlled the three stages of reduction.
Article
Geology
Chun-wan Wei, Cheng Xu, Miao Deng, Wen-lei Song, Aiguo Shi, Zhuoqi Li, Chaoxi Fan, Guangxi Kuang
Summary: The Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb deposit is the largest light rare earth element (REE) deposit in the world, which has experienced serious hydrothermal reworking processes. A detailed mineralogical and geochemical investigation on apatite from a drill core in the Bayan Obo deposit revealed that metasomatic fluids in the deposit originated from different sources, including Silurian Bainaimiao arc plutons and sedimentary materials. The variations in apatite types and isotopic compositions point to complex mineral assemblages and geochemical features in the deposit.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yingjie Fan, Yunhao Zhang, Zhichao Li, Yifan Chai, Yici Wang, Guoping Luo, Shengli An
Summary: This study investigates the swelling behavior of pellets prepared from Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate during the reduction process, providing valuable insights into the reduction swelling theory of pellets prepared from complex intergrowth minerals.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chun-wan Wei, Miao Deng, Cheng Xu, Anton R. Chakhmouradian, Martin P. Smith, Jindrich Kynicky, Wen-lei Song, Wei Chen, Bin Fu
Summary: The formation and depositional events of the Bayan Obo giant rare earth element (REE) deposit have undergone dynamic recrystallization and decarbonation, and are related to the reaction with subduction fluids, without the need for external REE input.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weiwei Wang, Zhangkuang Peng, Chunlei Guo, Qiang Li, Yanjiang Liu, Shaochun Hou, Hailong Jin
Summary: The aim of this study was to characterize the riebeckite type rare earth ore found in the Bayan Obo deposit and identify the distribution and occurrence of rare earths and gangue species within the ore. The analysis revealed that the primary rare earth minerals in the ore were bastnaesite and monazite, with huanghoite, parisite, aeschynite, and fergusonite identified as secondary rare earth minerals. The ore was rich in rare earth oxides with a 3.81 wt % grade, and potential methods for recovering rare earths from this ore have been identified.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yan Zhou, Jianxing Liu, Gongjin Cheng, Xiangxin Xue, He Yang
Summary: This study investigated the selective concentration of Fe and rare earth minerals in Bayan Obo tailings through carbothermal reduction followed by sulfuric acid leaching. Results showed that under specific conditions, efficient metallization and magnetic separation of Fe and RE minerals can be achieved.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chen Zhao, Jianye Yang, Xingguang Zhang, Xin Fang, Nan Zhang, Xiong Su, Hui Pang, Wuyuntana Li, Fenghong Wang, Yunxia Pu, Yuan Xia
Summary: This study investigated and analyzed the exposure and health risks of rare earth elements in Bayan Obo mining area in China. The results showed that the contribution of food intake to health risks is low, but other exposure routes need further attention.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jieliang Wang, Peng Zu, Shiwen Yi, Zhao Cao
Summary: Bayan Obo ore contains high levels of rare earth and fluorite, making it difficult to efficiently separate using conventional magnetic separation and flotation. A stepwise magnetic separation process can achieve high-purity preconcentrates, improving efficiency for subsequent flotation separation.
MINING METALLURGY & EXPLORATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bo Zhang, Xiangxin Xue, He Yang
Summary: Roasting and leaching of Bayan Obo tailings can extract valuable elements such as scandium, rare earth, and niobium. Phase transitions of minerals occur during roasting, facilitating scandium leaching. Acid leaching can dissolve newly generated niobium minerals.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Deliang Meng, Meng Wang, Zongyu Feng, Chao Xia, Yanyan Zhao, Xiaowei Huang
Summary: This study aims to analyze the phase change behavior of Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate during oxidative roasting at 450-800 degrees Celsius. The results show that with the increase of roasting temperature, the decomposition of bastnaesite in the concentrate becomes more complete, leading to a decrease in the leaching rate of La during the subsequent HCl leaching process.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Zhang Tie-zhu, Zhang Yu-xuan, Liu Sai-yu, Li Hang-ren, Xu Wen-ce, Zhang Jin-shan, Ouyang Shun-li, Wu Nan-nan
Summary: The study on the mineralogical characteristics of Bayan Obo using Raman Mapping and EDS technology revealed the coexistence and distribution characteristics of fluorite, barite, monazite, apatite, and iron ore. The occurrence state of the minerals showed fluorite as the basis mineral, with other minerals such as barite and monazite closely associated. Raman mapping provided a new idea for mineralogical analysis and identification of minerals in the Bayan Obo deposit.
SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
(2021)