Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Phillipp Hartmann, Bernd Schnabl
Summary: Liver and biliary diseases have a significant impact on global health, with the intestinal bacterial microbiome playing a well-established role. However, the role of the fungal microbiome, or mycobiome, has been overlooked for a long time. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the mycobiome in hepatobiliary diseases, particularly the involvement of the Candida genus. This article compares colonization and infection, describes mycobiome findings in healthy and diseased states, and discusses the potential for modulating the gut mycobiome to improve hepatobiliary conditions.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shreya Bhattacharya, Alec Jacob Maupin, Anders Gronnegaard Schlosser, Ernst-Martin Fuechtbauer, Yamel Cardona Gloria, Alexander N. R. Weber, Uffe Holmskov, Jesper Bonnet Moeller, Steven P. Templeton
Summary: Chitin is a polysaccharide that is widely present in nature and has immunogenic effects in mammals. FIBCD1 is a receptor that binds chitin and is found in human lung epithelium, where it modulates inflammatory responses. This study explores the impact of chitin and chitin-containing A. fumigatus conidia on lung epithelium in the presence of FIBCD1.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Hanshu Yuan, Zhongmao Liu, Jinhong Dong, Leonard B. Bacharier, Daniel Jackson, David Mauger, Homer Boushey, Mario Castro, Juliana Durack, Yvonne J. Huang, Robert F. Lemanske Jr, Gregory A. Storch, George M. Weinstock, Kristine Wylie, Ronina Covar, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Wanda Phipatanakul, Rachel G. Robison, Avraham Beigelman, Yanjiao Zhou
Summary: This study suggests that the upper airway mycobiome is associated with asthma control and may be used for predicting asthma exacerbation.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katie Hsia, Naisi Zhao, Mei Chung, Khalid Algarrahi, Laleh Montaser Kouhsari, May Fu, Hannah Chen, Siddharth Singh, Dominique S. Michaud, Sushrut Jangi
Summary: This retrospective study found that Saccharomyces and Candida were increased during endoscopic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, while Penicillium was increased during endoscopic remission. These findings suggest that Saccharomyces and Candida may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for personalized approaches in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Crispin Wiesmann, Konrad Lehr, Juozas Kupcinskas, Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas, Alexander Link
Summary: Research on microbiota, particularly fungi, in disease development has gained increasing attention. This study compares the performance of various primers in sequencing the 18S and ITS regions, aiming to identify the most suitable primers for fungal detection in human fecal samples.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Brooke D. Esquivel, Elisa M. Rouse Salcido, Allison M. Schweiker, Brandon L. Holder, Butch Kukanich, Kate S. Kukanich, Theodore C. White
Summary: The purpose of this study was to characterize the oral mycobiome of domestic dogs and identify potential pathogenic fungi. Samples were obtained from 251 dogs and analyzed using DNA sequencing and drug susceptibility tests. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the oral mycobiome for canine dental hygiene, health, and medical treatment, as well as the potential transmission of fungal pathogens from dogs to humans.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiqiang Chen, Xu Zou, Weixing Zhu, Yanwei Duan, Hans Merzendorfer, Zhangwu Zhao, Qing Yang
Summary: Chitin is a major polysaccharide found in arthropods such as insects and mites, and its biosynthesis is not fully understood. This study reveals that fatty acid binding protein (Fabp) interacts with chitin synthase Kkv and plays an important role in chitin synthesis. Fabp knockdown in fruit flies resulted in developmental abnormalities and wing defects, indicating its significance in insect chitin biosynthesis.
INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jesus M. Martinez-Cruz, Alvaro Polonio, Laura Ruiz-Jimenez, Alejandra Vielba-Fernandez, Jesus Hierrezuelo, Diego Romero, Antonio de Vicente, Dolores Fernandez-Ortuno, Alejandro Perez-Garcia
Summary: Phytopathogenic fungi have evolved mechanisms to manipulate plant defenses by preventing chitin recognition, with the CDA gene playing a crucial role in powdery mildew fungi. A new fungal chitin-binding effector, CHBE, has been identified as involved in the manipulation of chitin-triggered immunity in powdery mildew fungi.
Article
Immunology
Chenguang Niu, Ye Tu, Qiaoqiao Jin, Zhanyi Chen, Keyong Yuan, Min Wang, Pengfei Zhang, Junyuan Luo, Hao Li, Yueyi Yang, Xiaoyu Liu, Mengying Mao, Ting Dong, Wenduo Tan, Xuchen Hu, Yihuai Pan, Lili Hou, Rui Ma, Zhengwei Huang
Summary: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a liver disease phenotype associated with metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to characterize the alterations of oral and gut fungal communities in MAFLD and their potential roles in disease development. The findings revealed significant changes in the gut fungal composition of MAFLD patients and identified correlations between certain fungal species and clinical parameters, suggesting a possible oral-gut-liver axis. These findings provide insights into the potential correlation between the core mycobiome and the development of MAFLD and could suggest new therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Henry W. G. Birt, Anthony B. B. Pattison, Adam Skarshewski, Jeff Daniells, Anil Raghavendra, Paul G. G. Dennis
Summary: In this study, the common core fungal microbiome of healthy Musa spp. was defined using metabarcoding analysis. Factors such as edaphic conditions and host genotype were found to affect the diversity of fungal communities. The core mycobiome included Fusarium oxysporum and its relatives, as well as members of the Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Mortierellomycota.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anani K. Afanou, Sunil Mundra, Eva Lena Fjeld Estensmo, Ine Pedersen, Jens Rasmus Liland, Elke Eriksen, Pal Graff, Tonje Trulssen Hildre, Karl-Christian Nordby, Anne Straumfors
Summary: This study presents multifactorial characterization of bioaerosol exposure in Norwegian waste sorting plants and investigates the potential of airborne dust to induce NF-kappa B reactions through TLR2 and TLR4 activations. The results show that increasing fungal spore levels are associated with increased activation of TLR2 and TLR4, while increasing fungal OTU richness is associated with decreasing activation of these receptors. The findings provide new insights into the immunological effects of bioaerosol exposure and suggest alternative approaches for future epidemiological studies.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna Grochmal, Ben Woods, Lilia Milanesi, Manuel Perez-Soto, Salvador Tomas
Summary: Research on mimicking biological systems reveals that minimal environmental changes can trigger high avidity membrane receptor assembly, which can be modulated by weakly binding divalent ligands. Mathematical models and equations can predict the modulation intensity of the ligand-messenger on the ligand-receptor ON signal, providing valuable tools for studying membrane receptors in biological and biomimetic systems.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ruth Eunice Centeno-Martinez, Suraj Mohan, Josiah Levi Davidson, Jon P. P. Schoonmaker, Aaron Ault, Mohit S. S. Verma, Timothy A. A. Johnson
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate if there are differences in the nasal mycobiome between BRD-affected and visually healthy Holstein steers. The results showed that the most abundant phyla and genera in all animals, regardless of health status, were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Trichosporon, and Issatchenkia. Differences were identified in the abundance of Trichosporon and Issatchenkia orientalis between healthy and BRD animals, which could be a potential indicator of BRD. Seasonal variations were observed in the fungal community structure. Furthermore, co-occurrence of fungi and bacteria was more common in BRD animals than healthy animals.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Phillipp Hartmann, Sonja Lang, Suling Zeng, Yi Duan, Xinlian Zhang, Yanhan Wang, Marina Bondareva, Andrey Kruglov, Derrick E. Fouts, Peter Starkel, Bernd Schnabl
Summary: The study revealed dynamic changes in the intestinal fungal microbiome in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and demonstrated that improved liver health after alcohol abstinence in AUD patients was associated with lower abundances of specific fungal genera and species, as well as changes in serum anti-fungal IgG levels. These findings suggest that intestinal fungi could be a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcome of patients with ALD.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiawei Ding, Xiangting Li, Jiangchuan Shen, Yiling Zhao, Shuchen Zhong, Luhua Lai, Hengyao Niu, Zhi Qi
Summary: The authors investigated the behavior of the RPA protein in DNA replication and repair using single molecule DNA Curtains and Markov chain modeling. They discovered that the interaction between RPA and Rad52 regulates the accessibility of ssDNA, facilitating the loading of Rad51 recombinase. This study provides insights into the bimolecular dynamics of RPA on ssDNA and its crucial role in DNA metabolic pathways.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irina Leonardi, Iris H. Gao, Woan-Yu Lin, Megan Allen, Xin Li, William D. Fiers, Meghan Bialt De Celie, Gregory G. Putzel, Rhonda K. Yantiss, Melanie Johncilla, Dilek Colak, Iliyan D. Iliev
Summary: The spatial organization of gut mycobiota is associated with intestinal epithelial function, host-protective immunity, and mouse behavior.
Review
Immunology
Hiroshi Yano, David Artis
Summary: The immune system and peripheral nervous system surveil vital organs through various sensory mechanisms. How these two sensory systems integrate signals to orchestrate host responses remains incomplete. Recent research has shown how neurotrophic factors and neuronally derived factors regulate the functions of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), establishing the neuro-ILC axis as a crucial component of broader neuro-immune interactions. Neurons also express receptors for many cytokines produced by ILCs, suggesting bidirectional neuro-immune interactions in regulating tissue homeostasis and inflammation.
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xin Li, Irina Leonardi, Gregory G. Putzel, Alexa Semon, William D. Fiers, Takato Kusakabe, Woan-Yu Lin, Iris H. Gao, Itai Doron, Alejandra Gutierrez-Guerrero, Meghan B. DeCelie, Guilhermina M. Carriche, Marissa Mesko, Chen Yang, Julian R. Naglik, Bernhard Hube, Ellen J. Scherl, Iliyan D. Iliev
Summary: The study reveals the rich genetic diversity of pathogenic Candida albicans strains in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, with some strains having high immune-cell-damaging capacity (HD strains). These strains exacerbate intestinal inflammation in vivo through specific mechanisms, highlighting new insights into host-fungal interactions and potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.
Review
Allergy
Misato Irie, Kotaro Sasahara, David Artis, Hiroki Kabata
Summary: The neural and immune systems are closely connected, and neuropeptides have been found to regulate ILC2 cells, which are independent of acquired immunity. However, the complete mechanisms of this regulation are not fully understood yet. This review summarizes the current reports on the regulatory effects of neuropeptides on ILC2 cells, which have conflicting results possibly due to the complexity of G-protein coupled receptors.
ALLERGOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kathryn Hussey, Alison Caldwell, Alexandre Kreiss, Karsten Skjodt, Annalisa Gastaldello, Ruth Pye, Rodrigo Hamede, Gregory M. Woods, Hannah Siddle
Summary: Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils. It evades the host immune response by reducing major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression, but the absence of MHC-I should activate natural killer (NK) cells. The study also found the expression of nonclassical MHC-I Saha-UD in DFTD tumors, which may serve as an immunosuppressive mechanism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joachim Hanna, Flavio Beke, Louise M. O'Brien, Chrysa Kapeni, Hung-Chang Chen, Valentina Carbonaro, Alexander B. Kim, Kamal Kishore, Timon E. Adolph, Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt, Karsten Skjoedt, Marc de la Roche, Maike de la Roche
Summary: The study implicates Hedgehog signaling in Th17 polarization and intestinal immunopathology, suggesting the potential therapeutic use of Hedgehog inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Klojgaard Skytthe, Anna Lahn Sorensen, Dorle Hennig, Maria Boysen Sandberg, Lars Melholt Rasmussen, Holger J. Moller, Karsten Skjodt, Jonas Heilskov Graversen, Soren Kragh Moestrup
Summary: Haptoglobin scavenges hemoglobin via CD163 on macrophages, with its plasma levels negatively correlating to hemolysis. Different phenotypes of Hp exist, complicating accurate measurements, and the use of phenotype-specific antibodies and calibrators is essential for precise estimation of Hp levels.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Klojgaard Skytthe, Anna Lahn Sorensen, Dorle Hennig, Maria Boysen Sandberg, Lars Melholt Rasmussen, Peter Hojrup, Holger J. Moller, Karsten Skjodt, Soren Kragh Moestrup, Jonas Heilskov Graversen
Summary: The concentration of Hpr in plasma is correlated to the concentration of Hp and the Hp phenotypes, but its regulation mechanism is still unknown. Hpr accounts for a small portion of the Hp/Hpr pool, but can be more significant at lower Hp levels.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sina Dalby, Sofie Skallerup, Christina Baun, Lene Gaarsmand Christensen, Mathias Rathe, Mikael Palner, Steffen Husby, Jesper Bonnet Moeller
Summary: This study used 2-[F-18]FDG-PET/CT scans to quantitatively evaluate the development and resolution of doxorubicin-induced gastrointestinal mucositis in mice. The results showed that abdominal SUVBW significantly increased in the doxorubicin-treated group, along with weight loss, decreased villus lengths, and increased levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 beta.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Magdalena Dubik, Bartosz Pilecki, Jesper Bonnet Moeller
Summary: This article reviews the interaction between intestinal protozoa and microbiota and highlights the importance of future research in this field. Studies have shown that protozoa may play a significant role in modulating intestinal immune responses and overall human health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nanna Vestergaard, Lasse Jorgensen Cehofski, Alexander Norgard Alsing, Anders Kruse, Jonas Ellegaard Nielsen, Anders Schlosser, Grith Lykke Sorensen, Bent Honore, Henrik Vorum
Summary: This study found that retinal artery occlusion (RAO) results in the upregulation of multiple inflammatory proteins and the downregulation of proteins involved in visual pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shreya Bhattacharya, Alec Jacob Maupin, Anders Gronnegaard Schlosser, Ernst-Martin Fuechtbauer, Yamel Cardona Gloria, Alexander N. R. Weber, Uffe Holmskov, Jesper Bonnet Moeller, Steven P. Templeton
Summary: Chitin is a polysaccharide that is widely present in nature and has immunogenic effects in mammals. FIBCD1 is a receptor that binds chitin and is found in human lung epithelium, where it modulates inflammatory responses. This study explores the impact of chitin and chitin-containing A. fumigatus conidia on lung epithelium in the presence of FIBCD1.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Reine Kanaan, Cesar Yaghi, Carole Saade Riachy, Anders Schlosser, Aline Hamade, Uffe Holmskov, Myrna Medlej-Hashim, Grith Lykke Sorensen, Rania Jounblat
Summary: This study investigates the association between serum MFAP4 and liver fibrosis severity in NAFLD patients. The results show that MFAP4 levels increase with fibrosis severity and are highly upregulated in patients with cirrhosis. Furthermore, serum MFAP4 levels positively correlate with TE measurement and have a significant association with severely advanced fibrotic stage in NAFLD patients.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
A. Finkielsztein, D. Panichi, T. Castillo-Hernandez, A. S. Watson, A. Schlosser, U. Holmskov, G. L. Sorensen, M. Kemp, J. Madsen, B. W. Kramer, H. C. Clark
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
J. Hanna, F. Beke, L. O'Brien, C. Kapeni, H. C. Chen, V. Carbonaro, A. Kim, K. Kishore, T. E. Adolph, M. O. Skjoedt, K. Skjoedt, M. de la Roche, M. de la Roche
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
