Review
Agricultural Engineering
Isaac Duah Boateng, Xiao-Ming Yang
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the uses, global market revenue, and processing techniques of Ginkgo biloba seeds, emphasizing the impact of processing methods on toxicity and bioactive components.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Marija Kovac Tomas, Iva Jurcevic, Dunja Samec
Summary: In this study, a HPLC-DAD method was developed to separate and determine five major biflavonoids in ginkgo. Tissue-specific profiling revealed that biflavonoids were not detected in plant parts not in direct contact with the environment. Leaves had the highest total biflavonoids content, with sciadopitysin being the predominant compound, while amentoflavone was the predominant biflavonoid in the bark.
Review
Plant Sciences
Dunja Samec, Erna Karalija, Sabina Dahija, Sherif T. S. Hassan
Summary: Ginkgo is a distinctive plant with excellent resistance to environmental conditions. It is used as an ornamental plant and a medicinal plant, and its bioactive potential is associated with flavonoids and terpene trilactones. Biflavonoids are important constituents of ginkgo and have various bioactivities and potential health benefits.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zarko Kulic, Martin D. Lehner, Gunnar P. H. Dietz
Summary: The phytochemical composition of extracts derived from the same plant can vary significantly, affecting their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and ultimately their clinical efficacy and safety. Regulating active constituent levels and reducing undesired substances is vital for ensuring the quality and consistency of herbal extracts. The heterogeneity of extracts should be carefully considered when evaluating the efficacy and safety of plant-derived remedies.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Li-Wei Liu, He-Ying Yue, Jing Zou, Meng Tang, Fan-Mei Zou, Zhuo-Lun Li, Qing-Quan Jia, Yu-Bo Li, Jian Kang, Li-Hua Zuo
Summary: This study explored the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its potential mechanism. The results showed that GBLE significantly improved cognitive function and reduced amyloid beta deposition in AD mice. Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis revealed that lipid metabolism was perturbed in AD mice, and GBLE restored the lipid metabolic balance. This study provides insights into the potential pathogenesis of AD and the therapeutic mechanism of GBLE.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Fangdi Li, Ganping Liu, Linying Zhao, Xiaoge Gao, Zhuolong Shen, Fuliang Cao, Qirong Guo
Summary: This study examines the development and structure of Ginkgo biloba endotesta using various microscopy techniques and chemical analysis. The results reveal that the endotesta is composed of multiple layers with different structures and has a well-balanced nutritional value.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xin Han, Hao Rong, Yining Feng, Yue Xin, Xiaoyue Luan, Qi Zhou, Meng Xu, Li-an Xu
Summary: In this study, a highly efficient isolation and transient expression system for ginkgo protoplasts was established. A large number of intact and homogeneous ginkgo mesophyll protoplasts were successfully isolated using 2% cellulase and 0.25% pectinase in 0.4 M mannitol. The transformation efficiency of the protoplasts reached 40% when the concentration of the polyethylene glycol 4000 solution was 30%-40% (w/v). This system provides a technical platform for the identification and analysis of ginkgo gene functions, partially compensating for the limitations associated with the lack of a genetic transformation system.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoming Yang, Tingting Zhou, Mengke Wang, Tingting Li, Guibin Wang, Fang-Fang Fu, Fuliang Cao
Summary: In this study, 69 GbR2R3-MYB genes were identified and classified into 33 groups based on their amino acid sequence and gene structure characteristics. Expression profiling in different tissues and developmental stages revealed temporal and spatial expression patterns, with specific genes showing responses to abiotic stresses and hormonal exposures. The investigation of GbR2R3-MYB19 indicated its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, suggesting potential roles in the regulation of biological processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaojia Su, Ruirui Shi, Haiyan Hu, Linfeng Hu, Qichao Wei, Yuanyuan Guan, Jingling Chang, Chengwei Li
Summary: Ginkgo tea and ginkgo wine, two forms of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract drinks, have powerful antioxidant capacity but do not meet the standards in terms of total flavonoids and other components, with ginkgo wine containing excessive ginkgolic acids.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Min Yu, Dan Aoki, Takuya Akita, Syunya Fujiyasu, Shunsuke Takada, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Masato Yoshida, Kazuhiko Fukushima
Summary: In this study, cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM was used to investigate the distribution of lignans and lignan glucosides in Ginkgo biloba stems. The most abundant lignan glucoside, olivil DG, was found to be mainly distributed in the phloem, ray parenchyma cells, and pith of Ginkgo biloba. The comparative accumulation of olivil DG provided insights into its transport pathways and storage sites in Ginkgo biloba. These findings contribute to the understanding of the biological functions of lignans and lignan glucosides.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Constantina Eleftheriou, Lefteris C. Zacharia
Summary: The study found that Ginkgo biloba extract can enhance the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy by inhibiting the nicotine metabolizing enzyme, especially in fast nicotine metabolizers.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yating Tian, Xin Han, Yanshu Qu, Yifan Zhang, Hao Rong, Kai Wu, Li'an Xu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the LBD gene family in ginkgo, including gene structure, phylogenetic analysis, and expression profiling. The results revealed two distinct classes of LBD genes, with the class II genes showing enriched expression in different tissues and developmental stages and playing a key role in abiotic stress treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhong-yun Cao, Li-ning Su, Qian Zhang, Xin-yue Zhang, Xiao-jing Kang, Xin-hui Li, Li-min Sun
Summary: In this study, paraffin sectioning, high-performance liquid chromatography, and transcriptome sequencing technology were used to investigate the development of secondary trunk in G. biloba. The results showed that the secondary trunk originated from latent buds in the stem cortex at the junction of the root and main trunk. The development process of the secondary trunk was divided into four periods, and the differential genes involved in various pathways were identified.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Yanxia Liu, Huawei Xin, Yunchao Zhang, Fengyuan Che, Na Shen, Yulei Cui
Summary: This review summarizes the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, resource utilization, and toxicity research progress of Ginkgo biloba leaves, seeds, and exocarp. Ginkgo biloba has been used for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases. However, it also contains toxic compounds.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agata Walkowiak, Kacper Wnuk, Michal Cyrankiewicz, Bogumila Kupcewicz
Summary: Ginkgo biloba leaf extract is often adulterated in herbal products. In this study, a method combining 2T2D COS and MPCA was developed to detect potential adulteration in G. biloba food supplements using UV-Vis spectral data. The approach successfully differentiated supplements adulterated with rutin or lacking Ginkgo leaf extract.
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Loukiani Chatzinasiou, Anthony Booker, Euan MacLennan, Marion Mackonochie, Michael Heinrich
JOURNAL OF HERBAL MEDICINE
(2019)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael Heinrich, Francesca Scotti, Anthony Booker, Martin Fitzgerald, Ka Yui Kum, Katja Lobel
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Martin Fitzgerald, Michael Heinrich, Anthony Booker
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael Heinrich, Haiping Jiang, Francesca Scotti, Anthony Booker, Heinrich Walt, Caroline Weckerle, Caroline Maake
Summary: The study identified five widely used species restricted to the Himalayan region that have the potential to be used in wound treatment. Based on the pharmacological evidence, these species will be further investigated for their potential in wound treatment.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mihael Cristin Ichim, Anthony Booker
Summary: Chemical methods are crucial for identifying the authenticity of botanical products, with the majority being authentic but a significant proportion found to be adulterated. Varying levels of adulteration were reported across different countries, with the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States, and China reporting different percentages of adulterated products.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Steven B. Woodley, Rhys R. Mould, Meliz Sahuri-Arisoylu, Ifigeneia Kalampouka, Anthony Booker, Jimmy D. Bell
Summary: Quality control has been a significant issue in the field of herbal medicine, with modern technologies improving evaluation methods but also allowing for more sophisticated adulteration techniques. This paper identifies key analytical techniques for quality control and introduces a new tool based on mitochondrial profiling for measuring medicinal herbal quality. This method, focused on mitochondrial functional analysis, offers a new way to assess plant derived products that is more closely linked to biological activity and clinical effectiveness.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Francesca Scotti, Linru Mou, Chen Huang, Anthony Booker, Caroline Weckerle, Caroline Maake, Michael Heinrich
Summary: Efficient wound treatment for associated infections and inflammation is still a big unmet need, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Using medicinal plants and photo-enhanced wound treatment could provide better healthcare options, with data mining strategies offering a basis for developing such approaches. The study identified 10 lesser-known botanical species with potential for developing topical preparations for photodynamic treatment of infected wounds.
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anthony Booker
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Logesh Rajan, Arun Radhakrishnan, Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy, Abhay Srivastava, Sanjiv Dhingra, Anthony Booker, Viven Rolfe, Dhanabal Palaniswamy, Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
Summary: This review critically appraises the various reported mechanisms and challenges of green tea polyphenols in modulating cardiometabolic health, and highlights the importance of personalizing the use of green tea based on individual gene polymorphisms.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jingyi Gu, Francesca Scotti, Eike Reich, Rainer Kirchhof, Anthony Booker, Michael Heinrich
Summary: This study aims to understand the chemical variability of chrysanthemum flowers and associated quality issues such as heavy metal contamination. The results show that samples from different origins have distinct chemical characteristics, and excessive amounts of harmful heavy metals are found in commercial products. Therefore, a more detailed definition and widespread regulation are necessary for better quality control.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2022)
Review
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Wen-Hsin Tsou, Michael Heinrich, Anthony Booker
Summary: This critical review evaluates the efficacy and safety of herbal products used topically for the treatment of psoriasis. The findings suggest that topical herbal treatments may be useful and have fewer side effects compared to conventional medications and placebo. However, the included randomized controlled trials had poor quality and high risk of bias, highlighting the need for larger, better designed, and long-term trials to improve the quality of evidence.
JOURNAL OF HERBAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Mihael Cristin Ichim, Francesca Scotti, Anthony Booker
Summary: The quality evaluation of commercial herbal products is crucial, and various methods have been used, uncovering the presence of low or variable quality products in the market. Additionally, differences in quality between different batches and the presence of undesirable substances have been observed.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Plant Sciences
S. Woodley, J. Butt, R. Mould, I Kalampouka, A. Booker, J. Bell
Correction
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael Heinrich, Haiping Jiang, Francesca Scotti, Anthony Booker, Heinrich Walt, Caroline Weckerle, Caroline Maake
JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Plant Sciences
M. Fitzgerald, M. Heinrich, A. Booker
Correction
Plant Sciences
Lingmiao Wen, Tinglan Zhang, Fangfang Chen, Lin Hu, Chongyang Dou, Xian Ding, Alvin Altamirano, Guihua Wei, Zhiyong Yan
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qing Tang, Mengfei Xu, Shunqin Long, Yaya Yu, Changju Ma, Rui Wang, Jing Li, Xi Wang, Fang Fang, Ling Han, Wanyin Wu, Sumei Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that Fuzheng Kang-Ai (FZKA) decoction can inhibit the cell growth, proliferation, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and reverse the acquired resistance of gefitinib. FZKA exerts its effects by regulating the p-ERK1/2-EZH2-Snail/EGFR signaling pathway.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiang Zhao, Xianrun Hu, Qi Xie, Shenglan Qi, Zedong Xiang, Xin Sun, Zhejun Xie, Rui Dang, Limei Zhou, Wei Liu, Xuemei Cheng, Changhong Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Fufangmuniziqi formula (FFMN) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins in the process. The results showed that FFMN improved cognitive and memory impairment in the AD mouse model. Alkaloids enhanced the cholinergic system, while flavonoids and saponins attenuated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that the combination of alkaloid, flavonoid, and saponin fractions derived from FFMN is a promising anti-AD agent.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Bangjian Dong, Ying Peng, Mengyue Wang, Chongsheng Peng, Xiaobo Li
Summary: This study elucidated the tissue distribution and excretion characteristics of the non-polysaccharide components of Sijunzi decoction in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome. It proposed new insights into the rationality of the compatibility of Sijunzi decoction.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jung-Seop Kim, Man-Gi Kim, Ji Eun Ryu, Ye-Been Lee, Quan Feng Liu, Kwang Ki Kim, Seung-Hun Cho, Sung Joon Shin, Byung-Soo Koo, Hyung-Kyoon Choi
Summary: Co-treatment with WCW and donepezil shows promise in improving cognitive function and serum metabolic profiles in a scopolamine-induced AD model. This combination therapy may reduce tyrosine and methionine levels, enhancing cognitive function by mitigating known risk factors for AD. The study provides a foundation for developing other bioactive compounds in AD treatment.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kuang-Hsing Chiang, Tain-Junn Cheng, Wei-Chih Kan, Hsien-Yi Wang, Jui-Chen Li, Yan-Ling Cai, Chia-Hui Cheng, Yi-Chien Liu, Chia-Yu Chang, Jiunn-Jye Chuu
Summary: The ethanolic extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (OA) demonstrated an improving effect on memory and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD).
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Meryem Tourabi, Asmae EL Ghouizi, Ghizlane Nouioura, Khaoula Faiz, Hind Elfatemi, Karima El-yagoubi, Badiaa Lyoussi, Elhoussine Derwich
Summary: Mentha longifolia is a native plant in Morocco, traditionally used to treat various diseases. This study analyzed the phytochemical profile of the aqueous extract of M. longifolia and evaluated its acute and subacute toxicity in mice. The results showed that M. longifolia extract is rich in phenolic compounds and has no observed toxicity up to a certain dosage limit.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yue Zhang, Liang Li, Tao Chai, Han Xu, Hong-yan Du, Yan Jiang
Summary: Mulberry leaf multi-components (MMC) have hypoglycemic effects and can improve insulin resistance by activating the PI-3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings highlight the multi-component, multi-target, and combined effects of MMC, and suggest it may be further developed as a hypoglycemic drug.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Correction
Plant Sciences
Shan Luo, Yuanchun Chen, Ruoxi Zhao, Donglai Ma, Yanmeng Zhao, Ying Zhang, Jianming Jiang, Wentao Yu
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Nittaya Chansiw, Pattranuch Chusri, Siwaporn Praman, Thaneeya Hawiset, Wannisa Sukhorum, Sorraya Champakam, Rawiwan Charoensup
Summary: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory activity of Prabchompoothaweep (PCT) extract in an animal model. The results show that PCT significantly reduces inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute and sub-acute inflammation. These findings suggest that PCT could be a new option for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yanting Wang, Guoqiang Liang, Wei Mu, Shu Sun, Xuanyi Chen, Xiaofeng Xu
Summary: Bushen Tianjing Recipe (BTR) is a tonic-kidney formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with good therapeutic effects in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BTR on women's reproductive system by incubating miR-23a-induced KGN cells.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiayi Zhi, Li Yin, Zhoudong Zhang, Yaozhong Lv, Fan Wu, Yang Yang, Enming Zhang, Huanqiu Li, Ning Lu, Mengze Zhou, Qinghua Hu
Summary: This study verified the pharmacodynamics of JSW in the treatment of AD and explored its potential mechanism using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Plant Sciences
Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda, Dong-Juan Zhang, Felix Wambua Muema, Elijah Mbandi Mkala, Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa, Wyclif Ochieng Odago, Clintone Onyango Ochieng, Moses Kirega Gichua, John Kamau Muchuku, Elizabeth Kamande, Guang-Wan Hu
Summary: This article reviews the traditional uses, pharmacological properties, and phytoconstituents of Balanophora species, revealing that they contain diverse chemical compounds with interesting biological activities. However, research on many species in this genus is still lacking.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Luqi Cai, Yu Chen, Huizhong Xue, Yimeng Yang, Yuqi Wang, Junhe Xu, Chunyan Zhu, Long He, Yonghua Xiao
Summary: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) has been proven to have potential therapeutic effects for diabetic nephropathy (DN) through its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway pharmacological effects.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Chao Wang, Rui-Jia Fu, Ding-Qiao Xu, Qian Zuo, Ji-Ping Liu, Yu-Ping Tang
Summary: This study aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effects of Shicao on CCl4-induced acute liver injury. A rat model of acute liver injury was established and liver function indices were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted to identify differential metabolites. Network pharmacology was used to construct a network of metabolite-reaction-enzyme-gene constituents, and key components and hub genes were screened. Shicao showed hepatoprotective effects against acute liver injury in rats.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)