Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Jiaqian Luo, Yanqun Su, Jinghuan Chen, Xiaohan Wang, Jingang Liu
Summary: Valorization of crop wastes, especially lignin-containing cellulose micro/nano-fibrils (LCMNF) from corncob residues, has shown promising potential. Different pretreatment methods, such as alkali-sulfite and alkali-hydrogen peroxide, have been explored to affect the reactivity of lignin and properties of resulting LCMNF. Overall, these pretreatments reduce water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of resulting films, with alkali-sulfite showing the best performance.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qiang Wang, Peiyi Shen, Bingcan Chen
Summary: This study investigates the composition, structure changes, and functionality of okara residues after different treatments. The combination of milling and steam heating is found to significantly convert insoluble dietary fiber into soluble ones and improve the functionalities of the modified okara residues.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shuangjing Dong, Yangcheng Ding, Huajun Feng, Jixiao Xu, Jinglong Han, Wenli Jiang, Yijing Xia, Aijie Wang
Summary: To eliminate the antibacterial activity of target antibiotics in wastewater, effective abiotic pre-treatment methods are necessary. The VUV/UV/sulfite system demonstrated high decomposition rate and defluorination, effectively eliminating the antibacterial activity of florfenicol. It also efficiently prevented the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and integrons in the subsequent biotreatment process.
Article
Forestry
Bright Asante, Goran Schmidt, Ronaldo Teixeira, Andreas Krause, Holmer Savastano Junior
Summary: Geopolymer wood composites were produced by alkali activation of fly ash, with the study focusing on the effects of ash grinding, wood species, and hot water treatment on the physical properties. After 200 cycles of soaking and drying, all composites showed a decrease in specific strength, but ash grinding was found to enhance the specific strength of the composites.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Feixiang Zan, Muxiang Liang, Gang Guo, Jing Chen, Xiaohui Wu, Guanghao Chen
Summary: Using sulfite pretreatment can effectively improve anaerobic sludge digestion. This study experimentally investigated the long-term impact of sulfite pretreatment on continuously operated anaerobic sludge digester and found that it significantly increased methane production and volatile solid reduction, but also released more ammonium and phosphorus. Sulfite pretreatment stimulated the diverse metabolism of methanogens and syntrophic bacteria, resulting in enhanced energy recovery, cost savings, and reduced carbon emissions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xuan Li, Huan Liu, Zehao Zhang, Ting Zhou, Qilin Wang
Summary: The study proposes and demonstrates the use of sulfite pretreatment to efficiently produce medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) through anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). The pretreatment of WAS at a sulfite concentration of 100-500 mg S/L for 24 h significantly improves MCFAs production and selectivity, with the effect positively correlated with sulfite concentration. The findings suggest that sulfite pretreatment enhances MCFAs production and WAS degradation, while promoting solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification processes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yawei Zhan, Meixin Wang, Tengfei Ma, Zhiqiang Li
Summary: This study investigated the effect of the GVL/H2O pretreatment system on bamboo for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. The results showed that the cellulose in bamboo could be effectively separated and converted into bioethanol through the GVL/H2O pretreatment system, with a high conversion yield. The recovered substrates could also be used for other high-valued utilization, and the fermentation inhibitors formed after pretreatment had weak inhibition to the subsequent reaction.
Article
Spectroscopy
Sintayehu Leshe Kitaw, Haile Fentahun Darge, Kefyalew Dagnew Addisu, Darieo Thankachan, Yohannis Wondwosen Ahmed, Yu Sheng Chen, Hailemichael Tegenu, Andy Candra, Tsung-Yun Wu, Yu-Xuan Gou, Hsieh-Chih Tsai
Summary: A novel sulfite detection technology using a branched polyethyleneimine-coated silver nano-star (AgNS@PEI) was synthesized for detecting and controlling sulfite concentration in various samples. The AgNS@PEI showed sensitivity, simplicity, rapidness, stability, reproducibility, and nondestructibility. The thin-coated plasmonic substrates demonstrated selective absorption of sulfur dioxide and allowed for the detection of sulfite in beer samples with a detection limit of 0.48 mg/L.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Qi Lu, Mingting Du, Qing Xu, Xunkuo Zhang, Xuran Liu, Guojing Yang, Dongbo Wang
Summary: The study developed a sulfite-based pretreatment method to enhance the production of VFAs from anaerobic fermentation of microalgae. The pretreatment released more easily biodegradable organics, destroyed the cell wall of microalgae, and facilitated the acetate generation pathway.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jelica Novakovic, Nikoleta Kontogianni, Elli Maria Barampouti, Sofia Mai, Konstantinos Moustakas, Dimitris Malamis, Maria Loizidou
Summary: This study focused on investigating enzymatic saccharification and detoxification of wheat straw to enhance the performance of conventional anaerobic systems in treating recalcitrant fractions of agricultural waste. It was found that the optimized conditions for pretreatment resulted in satisfactory COD removal efficiencies for OLRs up to 10 kg COD/m(3)/day, significantly reducing the hydraulic retention time compared to untreated straw.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlos Arce, Lukas Kratky
Summary: Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to replace fossil fuels and requires pretreatment to maximize its valorization potential. Milling is a commonly used pretreatment method that improves efficiency, ease of handling, and transfer phenomena. However, energy optimization is necessary due to its energy consumption. Ball, knife, and hammer mills are frequently used at the laboratory scale, with equipment selection based on material characteristics and desired final size and operational regime.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michaela Eder, Wolfgang Schaeffner, Ingo Burgert, Peter Fratzl
Summary: Wood is a prototypical biological material that adapts to mechanical requirements, with its mechanical and actuation properties being determined by the microarchitecture of cellulose fibrils. The orientation of cellulose fibers can be seen as an analog code that influences wood's response to humidity as an active material. Examples of wood activity harvesting and bioinspiration are provided.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ge Song, Pei Su, Qizhan Zhang, Xuechun Wang, Minghua Zhou
Summary: In this study, a UV/sulfite process without aeration was proposed for efficient dechlorination and enhanced mineralization. The UV/sulfite system achieved significantly higher removal and dechlorination rates compared to UV alone and sulfite alone. The process was more suitable for neutral and alkaline conditions and showed good performance in removing a wide range of chlorinated organic compounds.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wenyao Tong, Huaxing Fang, Kai Song, Xinyu Xie, Jing Wang, Yongcan Jin, Shufang Wu, Jinguang Hu, Qiulu Chu
Summary: In this study, the addition of 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate and sodium bisulfite in acid pretreatment was found to synergistically increase cellulose hydrolysis yield. Physicochemical characteristics of cellulose played significant roles in improving hydrolysis yield.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Roger Chambi-Legoas, Gilles Chaix, Vinicius Resende Castro, Mariana Pires Franco, Mario Tomazello-Filho
Summary: In Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, potassium and sodium fertilization can increase water stress and negatively impact wood properties and forest productivity. The interactions between fertilization, water availability, and stand age can have significant effects on stem volume, wood density, fiber, and vessel features of the trees.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juho Antti Sirvio, Anu M. Kantola, Sanna Komulainen, Svitlana Filonenko
Summary: The chemical modification of chitosan using itaconic acid resulted in a chitosan derivative with new properties, showing zwitterionic behavior, high mechanical strength, and flame-retardant properties. This modified chitosan has potential applications in producing self-standing films.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Matias Lakovaara, Juho Antti Sirvio, Mostafa Y. Ismail, Henrikki Liimatainen, Rafal Sliz
Summary: In this work, deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used as a reaction medium for esterification of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and all-cellulose composite (ACC) films with n-octylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) to obtain high strength and sustainable films with increased hydrophobicity. The modified films displayed better mechanical properties in dry, humid, and wet conditions, with partly attributed improvements to higher contact angles.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juho Antti Sirvio, Matias Lakovaara
Summary: The study explores a fast dissolution and regeneration pretreatment method to produce regenerated cellulose nanofibers (RCNFs) through mechanical disintegration, which exhibit excellent mechanical properties. Both dissolving and birch pulps were successfully transformed into nanofibers without chemical modification, showcasing superior mechanical performance.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Juho Antti Sirvio, Erkki Isokoski, Anu M. Kantola, Sanna Komulainen, Ari Ammala
Summary: This study demonstrates that using DES can significantly increase the carboxylic acid content of sawdust, leading to the production of self-standing films with excellent particle size and mechanical properties.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Juho Yliniemi, Rajeswari Ramaswamy, Tero Luukkonen, Ossi Laitinen, Alvaro Nunes de Sousa, Mika Huuhtanen, Mirja Illikainen
Summary: Characterization of mineral wool waste is essential for its utilization as a secondary raw material. Glass wool and stone wool have different chemical compositions, with low concentrations of potentially toxic elements. Organic resin in mineral wools may decompose under certain conditions.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ari Ammala, Juho Antti Sirvio, Henrikki Liimatainen
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of fiber raw materials containing residual lignin on the energy consumption and microfibrillation rate of LMFC. The results showed that pre-sulfonation improved the performance of LMFC and enhanced its reinforcing potential for fluting board.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Asmaa M. Ahmed, Tuomo P. Kainulainen, Juho Antti Sirvio, Juha P. Heiskanen
Summary: Efforts have been made to achieve high barriers with bio-based materials by synthesizing a series of novel polyesters with high oxygen barrier properties. These polyesters exhibit good thermal stability and tensile properties, as well as a slight UV shielding effect.
Article
Polymer Science
Tuomo P. Kainulainen, Tomi A. O. Parviainen, Juho Antti Sirvio, Liam J. R. McGeachie, Juha P. Heiskanen
Summary: An exceptional oxygen barrier polyester was prepared from 3,3'-bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid, a new biomass-derived monomer. The cross-linking of the furan-based polyester upon exposure to air significantly reduced its O2 permeability, rendering its performance comparable to ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers. The structural trigger for this transformation was the presence of 5,5'-disubstituted 3,3'-bifuran moieties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Asmaa M. Ahmed, Tuomo P. Kainulainen, Juho Antti Sirvio, Juha P. Heiskanen
Summary: A series of furan-based copolyesters were synthesized and investigated for their glass transition temperature (Tg) matching with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as well as their enhanced O2 barrier properties. The copolyesters, composed of dimethyl 5,5'-sulfanediyldi(furan-2-carboxylate) (DM-SFA) with either dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (DM-FDCA) or dimethyl 2,2'-bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylate (DM-BFDCA) as the main monomers, showed Tg similar to PET and low O2 and UV-light permeabilities. The addition of DM-FDCA as a minor comonomer provided PET-like Tg, whereas the O2 permeabilities were reduced compared to DM-BFDCA-based copolyesters. Furthermore, the copolyesters containing isosorbide (IS) as a comonomer showed lower thermal stability and incomplete dissolution after polycondensation.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Umair Qasim, Terhi Suopajarvi, Juho Antti Sirvio, Oskar Backman, Chunlin Xu, Henrikki Liimatainen
Summary: A dual-functioning deep eutectic solvent system based on triethylmethylammonium chloride and imidazole was used to synthesize amphiphilic cellulose nanofibers (ACNFs) through esterification. These ACNFs showed stable dispersion in water and surface activity, and could be used as stabilizers in oil-in-water Pickering emulsions and coatings.
Article
Polymer Science
Tuomo P. Kainulainen, Asmaa M. Ahmed, Juho Antti Sirvio, Juha P. Heiskanen
Summary: In this study, oxidation of 5,5'-sulfanediyldi(furan-2-carboxylic acid) in acetic acid with aqueous hydrogen peroxide was used to prepare a new dicarboxylic monomer with a central sulfone group flanked by two biomass-derived furan rings. The new sulfone monomer was then reacted with various diols to prepare homopolyesters and copolyesters. The resulting polyester materials exhibited high glass transition temperatures, high tensile stiffnesses, and low O2 permeability. Notably, 1,5-pentanediol yielded the polyester with the most favorable properties. The stability of the monomer, particularly its side reactions under high temperatures, remained unclear.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Asmaa M. Ahmed, Tuomo P. Kainulainen, Juho Antti Sirvio, Juha P. Heiskanen
Summary: A novel biobased sulfur-bridged polyester with high oxygen barrier properties was synthesized using a new furfural-based monomer, methyl 5-[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfanyl]furan-2-carboxylate (MSF), through self-condensation. The resulting polyester showed significant improvements in oxygen barrier and UV light filtering capabilities due to the introduction of sulfur heteroatom. The monomer, MSF, was also utilized to enhance the barrier performance of poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) and poly(ethylene bifuranoate) (PEBF) copolymers, indicating its potential for sustainable biobased packaging materials.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juho Antti Sirvio, Idamaria Romakkaniemi, Juha Ahola, Svitlana Filonenko, Juha P. Heiskanen, Ari Ammala
Summary: This article discusses the method of using supramolecular interaction between an aromatic hydrogen bond donor and lignin to achieve rapid delignification of softwood at low temperatures.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Matias Lakovaara, Juho Antti Sirvio, Luyao Wang, Terhi Suopajarvi, Feby Pratiwi, Hao Zhang, Jouko Peltonen, Chunlin Xu, Henrikki Liimatainen
Summary: This study introduced a new type of cellulose nanomaterials called cellulose nanoworms, which were obtained from cellulose fibers through esterification and ethanol-induced swelling. These nanoworms showed promising properties for creating sustainable and advanced film structures, and could be used in various applications such as packaging, electronics, and optics.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Juho Antti Sirvio, Riikka Haataja, Anu M. Kantola, Terhi Suopajarvi, Henrikki Liimatainen
Summary: Eutectic mixtures and deep eutectic solvents are potential green media for lignocellulose pre-treatment. This study investigated the influence of added water on the properties and functioning of choline chloride and urea mixtures. The results showed that water participated in the formation of molecular clusters and affected the hydrogen bond acidity and basicity of the mixtures. When treating cellulose fibers, non-ideality and absence of water in the mixtures were found to be advantageous under mixing conditions, while water-containing mixtures increased the diameter of cellulose fibers in the absence of mixing.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jingmo Zhou, Shubin Wu, Ying Liu
Summary: Expenditure isolation of lignin and the understanding of its structural variations during different isolation processes are crucial for the high-value utilization of lignin. This study proposed a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and 4-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid for rapid lignin separation from poplar. The structural variations of DES lignin and its relationship with alkali pre-extraction of hemicellulose were investigated. The results showed that alkali pretreatment enhanced the DES separation of lignin and promoted the cleavage of specific linkages, resulting in reduced molecular weight and thermal stability of isolated DES lignin. Moreover, DES lignin obtained from integrated utilization displayed higher purity and S/G ratio compared to lignin obtained from direct DES treatment.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yuping Li, Ziyan Xie, Yun Huang, Jiangyi Zeng, Chao Yang, Ling Yuan, Ying Wang, Yongqing Li
Summary: In this study, the characteristic flavonoids (CFs) of three licorice species were identified through integrated metabolic and transcriptomic analysis. The key regulators of CF biosynthesis were also identified. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the biosynthesis of CFs and future breeding of Glycyrrhiza varieties.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xianjie Pan, Zhaoyi Luo, Fanqi Liu, Quanqian Yi, Yanning Zeng
Summary: This study presents a novel strategy for fabricating fully bio-based epoxy vitrimers using peach gum and itaconic acid, which exhibit superior mechanical properties and thermostability. The materials were characterized and the self-healing and recycling capabilities were evaluated. The results demonstrate the potential of using these materials for sustainable industrial applications.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mohsen Sabzi-Nojadeh, Mohammad Pouresmaeil, Mina Amani, Mehdi Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, Filippo Maggi
Summary: This study shows that inoculating Summer savory plants with endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum can improve plant growth and increase salt tolerance. The fungus enhances growth, restores chlorophyll and antioxidant levels, reduces harmful substances, and increases proline and soluble sugar levels, thereby increasing crop productivity in saline conditions.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yu Liu, Lei Li, Aichen Zhao, Xiuming Song, Lulu Wei, Mengdi Fang, Chuchu Zheng, Xiaodong Zhu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of peppermint essential oil microcapsules on the unpleasant odor emissions from wax oil coated wood products. The results show that microcapsules can improve the time and stability of odor release.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mesut Budak, Mirac Kilic, Hikmet Guenal, Ismail Velik, Mesut Sirri
Summary: This study assessed land suitability for rapeseed production using topography, climate, and soil data by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (MFIS). The study area covered land in the Diyarbakir province of southeastern Turkiye. The results indicated the proportions of different land suitability classes and showed the compatibility of AHP and MFIS methods in assessing suitability.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Tian, Yue Liu, Chao Wang, Weikun Jiang, Srinivas Janaswamy, Guihua Yang, Xingxiang Ji, Gaojin Lyu
Summary: In this study, hollow and solid lignin nanoparticles were synthesized through self-assembly and their application in PVA nanocomposite films was investigated. The results showed that the presence of hollow lignin nanoparticles in the films resulted in a room-like network structure, while the solid lignin nanoparticles induced different structural changes. The inclusion of LNPs improved the mechanical properties of the films, and both types of LNPs exhibited good hydrophobicity.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Marcos Vinicius Silva de Andrade, Simone Ribeiro Lucho, Renato Delmondez de Castro, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro
Summary: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, commonly known as stevia, is a widely cultivated shrub with highly sweetening metabolites. It has gained significant interest in the food and beverage industries due to its extremely sweet taste and various health benefits. Researchers are currently focused on studying biotechnological strategies to enhance the biosynthesis of stevia plant metabolites for improved cultivation and production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Eleonora Cintura, Paulina Faria, Luisa Molari, Luca Barbaresi, Dario D'Orazio, Lina Nunes
Summary: This study investigated the properties of Arundo donax as a building material and found that it has strong adaptability, high hygroscopicity, and unique sound absorption behavior. The mechanical tests also demonstrated the applicability of the Arundo donax-based composite. This opens up new possibilities for the further application of Arundo donax-based materials.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Stiina Kotiranta, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Titta Kotilainen, Pauliina Palonen
Summary: The effect of light spectra, particularly far-red and short wavelength radiation, on the growth and secondary metabolites of cannabis is significant. Altering the R:FR ratio can increase the concentration and yield of secondary metabolites, while short wavelength radiation does not significantly affect plant morphology and secondary metabolite concentrations.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xuze Liu, Fangmin Liang, Jinyuan Cheng, Xuelian Zhou, Jia Wang, Guigan Fang, Kuizhong Shen, Xianzhi Meng, Chen Huang, Arthur J. Ragauskas
Summary: A novel Na2S-facilitated DES pretreatment method was proposed to fractionate moso bamboo, which achieved high lignin removal and preserved most cellulose and hemicellulose with excellent enzymatic digestibility.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zechun Ren, Xinyuan Zhou, Kejiao Ding, Tong Ji, Hao Sun, Xiang Chi, Yunzhao Wei, Min Xu
Summary: This study prepared a thermal/magnetic/light-triggered multi-stimuli responsive shape memory polymer composite with excellent properties by adding magnetic nanoparticles into a polyurethane composite. The composite showed high shape recovery rate, fast response behavior, and suitability for 3D printing. Controllable external stimuli allowed for dynamic, remote, and precise control of 4D transformations. This work is significant for the design of smart materials and devices.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yurany Camacho Ardila, Jaiver Efren Jaimes Figueroa, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel
Summary: The higher heating value (HHV) and elemental composition are important properties of biomass, and their prediction using proximate and ultimate analysis is accurate.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiaohan Chen, Xianke Wang, Lili Shang, Xinxin Ma, Changhua Fang, Benhua Fei, Huanrong Liu, Shuqin Zhang
Summary: This study focuses on the comprehensive characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of bamboo parenchyma and the evaluation of its tensile and compressive properties, as well as the analysis of its failure mechanisms. The study found that the measured tensile strength and elastic modulus of the parenchyma tissue are 48.81 MPa and 706.48 MPa, respectively. Compression failure modes in parenchyma tissue encompass compression bending and cell fracture, shear failure of the middle lamella, and detachment and debonding of the cell wall.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tianfeng Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yunlin Fu, Mengji Qiao, Penglian Wei, Zhigao Liu, Yingjian Li
Summary: This study explored the formation mechanism of agarwood induced by fungus and its potential application in high-quality and high-yielding agarwood production. The results showed that the transition layer played a critical role in the continuous accumulation of agarwood, and the parenchyma cells of the xylem rays and interxylary phloem were the main action site of fungus. The accumulation and distribution of chemical composition in different layers were also investigated. The study identified the drivers of specific compounds and provided a theoretical foundation for future agarwood production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)