Article
Energy & Fuels
Xingyi Shi, Yichen Dai, Liang An, T. S. Zhao
Summary: The promising features and capabilities of liquid fuel cells for power generation and electric vehicles have led to increased research attention. This study examines the performance of an electrically rechargeable liquid fuel cell with air as the oxidant, instead of pure oxygen. The cell achieved a peak power density of 168.3 mW cm-2, outperforming traditional liquid fuel cells fed with oxygen. This research provides insight for future investigations into utilizing air as an oxidant in fuel cells.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zachary Harris, Joshua Bittle, Ajay Agrawal
Summary: Advanced engine design and alternative fuels allow for fuel injection at supercritical conditions, however, the boundary conditions for accurate simulation are critical. The flow inside the injector itself is often omitted, and simplified boundary treatments are used. This study uses computational fluid dynamics to analyze fuel-air mixing at supercritical conditions and highlights the importance of accurate boundary conditions for reliable predictions.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Caifeng Hao, Zhen Lu, Yizhuo Feng, Honglin Bai, Ming Wen, Tianyou Wang
Summary: The study shows that the fuel split device (FSD) can improve fuel/air mixing process by splitting fuel spray, increasing air utilization and enhancing combustion efficiency. The FSD expands fuel injection area and forms multi-vortex structure, resulting in improved fuel/air mixing process and reduced emissions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuangni Wang, Jianzhong Liu, Sarma V. Pisupati, Dedi Li, Zhihua Wang, Jun Cheng
Summary: This study addresses the difficulty in treating high-concentration organic waste liquids by using xanthan gum to prepare waste liquid coal water slurry (WCWS). The addition of 0.08 wt% xanthan gum resulted in a stable dispersion of the mixed waste liquid with an apparent viscosity of 921.1 mPa.s. Xanthan gum introduced steric hindrance interaction energy into the WCWS system, enabling stable dispersion.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shenghua Fu, Wenzhong Lou, Jingkui Wang, Tongan Ji, Chubao Li, Zhaohui Chen
Summary: The study investigated the impact of micro/nano aluminum powder (MNAP) cloud concentration on fuel air explosive (FAE) detonation. A dynamic concentration measurement method based on ultrasonic transducers was developed, showing high precision and real-time response, with results consistent with computational simulations, and indicating better distribution characteristics of aluminum nanoparticles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuanping Yang, Qian Huang, Jinguo Sun, Peng Ma, Shuiqing Li
Summary: This study investigated the impact of various fuel-oxidizer mixing strategies on the NOx performance of ammonia, proposing a new ammonia co-combustion technology and demonstrating the role of NH2 radicals in reducing NOx emissions.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
L. -Y Jiang
Summary: A practical method for quantitatively evaluating the uniformity of fuel/air mixing is essential for research and development of advanced low-emission combustion systems. The new approach based on the fuel/air equivalence ratio distribution helps estimate maximum temperature variation and mixing quality, with additional statistical supplementary criteria needed in important situations.
AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Byeong-Jo Hwang, Hojin Choi, Seongki Min
Summary: The study investigated the impact of air temperature on the penetration and mixing of liquid hydrocarbon fuel injected into supersonic airflows. The experiments involved supplying supersonic air of Mach 1.8 with temperatures ranging from 373 to 673 K to the test section. Using a laser sheet imaging system and Mie scattering, the research examined the characteristics of the fuel plume, fuel/air mixing process, and fuel evaporation. It was found that as the air temperature increased, the Mie scattering signal weakened due to enhanced fuel-air mixing and evaporation downstream of the injection point. At an air temperature of 673 K, most of the fuel evaporated before reaching the test section outlet.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Byeong-Jo Hwang, Seongki Min
Summary: The effect of supersonic air temperature on the mixing characteristics of liquid hydrocarbon fuel injected into three different supersonic airflows was numerically investigated. The study used ANSYS Fluent to solve compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and species conservation equations for two-phase flow simulations. The results showed that higher air temperature led to stronger streamwise vortices downstream of the pylon and increased evaporation of the fuel, resulting in higher mixing efficiency. The total pressure loss slightly decreased with increasing temperature due to droplet evaporation.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jia Yan, Yuetong Shu, Jing Jiang, Huaqin Wen
Summary: Numerical simulations were conducted to optimize two mixing chamber lengths of a two-phase ejector under varied liquid volume fractions. The findings showed that the optimal lengths for constant-pressure and constant-area mixing chambers were within 23-44 mm and 15-18 mm, respectively, when the primary inlet fluid was in two-phase. For the secondary inlet fluid, the optimal lengths were 2-5 mm and 9-15 mm, respectively. The presence of little liquid within the inlet fluid had a significant influence on ejector performances.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Natalia Montoya Sanchez, Cibele Halmenschlager, Arno de Klerk
Summary: Blending oils from fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction processes is important in biofuel production to adjust their composition and properties. This study evaluated the viscosity-temperature relationship of these oils and tested the predictive performance of selected mixing rules. The results showed that the viscosity-temperature relationship of these oils can be described using the MacCoull relationship, and the mixing rule by Miadonye et al. provided the best viscosity estimation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pragya Berwal, Sudarshan Kumar
Summary: The present study proposes an alternate ternary fuel blend with better combustion characteristics than natural gas/methane. Experimental measurements show that the CH4/10% NH3/H-2 ternary blend has comparable burning velocity and flame temperature with lower carbon emissions compared to a CH4 + air mixture. This proposed blend is considered a viable solution for achieving economic development, environmental improvement, and sustainable development goals.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qi Li, Liangmei Luo, Chenqi Xu, Shizhu Song, Yanqing Wang, Lifang Zhang, Yanfeng Tang, John Texter
Summary: A new electrocatalyst (Fe&Pd-C/N) was prepared using a unique metal-containing ionic liquid (IL). It showed superior catalytic activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared to commercial Pt/C. The Fe&Pd-C/N electrocatalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic performance in zinc-air batteries and hydrogen-air fuel cells.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
P. C. Harisankar, Tapas Sil
Summary: This study investigates the formation, properties, evaporation processes, and equilibration of a bare droplet of a liquid obeying the van der Waals equation of state (vEoS) using Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The effect of an impenetrable wall boundary condition and the existing vapor on the droplet's properties are also studied. The results show that the evaporation process and equilibration follow similar curves to that of a bare drop with the same total number of particles.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bo Yang, Le Ning, Bing Liu, Guyu Huang, Yanxing Cui, Ke Zeng
Summary: The natural gas-air mixture state has significant influence on particulate emissions characteristics, especially in reducing ultrafine particulate emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.