Dietary daidzein improved intestinal health of juvenile turbot in terms of intestinal mucosal barrier function and intestinal microbiota

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary daidzein on the intestinal mucosal barrier function and the intestinal microbiota profile of juvenile turbot (Scopitthalmus maxims L). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (FM), 40 (D.40) and 400 (D.400) mg kg(-1) daidzein, respectively. Fish fed D.400 had significantly lower growth performance than fish fed D.40. Dietary daidzein significantly increased the feed efficiency, while significantly decreased the feed intake. Daidzein supplementation increased the activity of total anti-oxidative capacity and the gene expression of antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-beta 1, Mucin-2 and tight junction proteins (Tricellulin, Zonula occludens-1 transcript variant 1, Zonula occludens-1 transcript variant 2 and Claudin-like and Occludin), and downregulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interieukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the intestine of turbot. Dietary daidzein increased intestinal microbial diversities, the abundance of several short chain fatty acids producers, and decreased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. However, D.400 had dual effects on lactic acid bacteria and increased the abundance of potential harmful bacterium Prevotella copri. Collectively, dietary daidzein at the levels of 40 and 400 mg kg(-1) could enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier function and alter the intestinal microbiota of turbot. However, high dose of daidzein must be treated with caution for its unclear effects on intestinal microbiota of turbot in the present study.