Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Patrick Emonts, Erez Zohar
Summary: Fermionic Gaussian projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are used to describe ground states of noninteracting fermionic Hamiltonians. They can be efficiently studied and analyzed using both analytical and numerical methods. Recently, they have been used as a starting point for variational study of interacting lattice gauge theories, with the help of PEPS gauging mechanisms and sign-problem free variational Monte Carlo techniques. This work focuses on generalizing such states from two to three spatial dimensions, with a focus on spin representations and lattice rotations, which are crucial for studying nonperturbative lattice gauge theories with fermionic tensor network states.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Munir Pirmohamed
Summary: In this Review, the current state of the pharmacogenomics field is discussed, along with clinically relevant drug-gene associations and the steps required for implementing pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. The role of pharmacogenomics in drug discovery and development is also considered. The variability in drug response between individuals, which can be attributed to genomic factors, is a global concern. Despite the availability and decreasing cost of genotyping technologies, challenges in implementing pharmacogenomics lie in adapting current clinical pathways and addressing the knowledge gap in healthcare professionals. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics shows promise in enhancing drug discovery and development outcomes.
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Nuclear
Michael Creutz
Summary: This paper provides a colloquium level overview of the framework for understanding the interactions of quarks in Quantum Chromodynamics, explaining phenomena such as quark confinement, mass generation, and chiral symmetry breaking that are difficult to comprehend.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Susu Fang, Jiayang Li, Kangyu Zou, Honglei Shuai, Laiqiang Xu, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou, Xiaobo Ji
Summary: This paper systematically introduces the preparation approaches of Zintl phases and Zintl anions to understand the originations of their attractive structures. The recent developments about their applications, especially as precursors for preparing functional materials, are thoroughly summarized. The remaining challenges and perspectives of Zintl phases are also discussed.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuhiro Endo, Masanori Fujita, Katsunori Ikewaki
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Recent epidemiology studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and CVD mortality, with increased mortality in patients with extremely high HDL-C levels. HDL-C raising therapy using nicotinic acids or CETP inhibitors has shown limited efficacy in reducing CVD events. As a result, the focus has shifted to evaluating HDL functionality as a novel biomarker for CVD risk. This review provides an overview of the current status and future perspectives on HDL functions, based on findings from basic research and clinical trials.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Maciej Sydor, Danuta Kurasiak-Popowska, Kinga Stuper-Szablewska, Tomasz Rogozinski
Summary: This article analyzes scientific and patent documents to recognize the current and potential future uses of Camelina sativa. The research highlights that camelina can be used in various industries such as agriculture, chemicals, and energy, including applications as animal feed, food, chemical raw materials, and fuels. It also suggests that camelina can play a significant role in agricultural practices and new materials development.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yasar Y. Atas, Jinglei Zhang, Randy Lewis, Amin Jahanpour, Jan F. Haase, Christine A. Muschik
Summary: Researchers utilized quantum computing to simulate non-Abelian gauge theories, uncovering meson and baryon states and laying the groundwork for future quantum simulations.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Salvatore D. Pace, Siddhardh C. Morampudi, Roderich Moessner, Chris R. Laumann
Summary: Quantum spin ice, as a unique condensed-matter system, displays significant differences in microstructure and parameters from standard quantum electrodynamics, with parameters tunable by adjusting the microscopic Hamiltonian. Its high fine structure constant implies that experiments may observe phenomena arising from strong interactions.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Lin Wang, Penghui Li, Kun Feng
Summary: The combination of EGCG with chemotherapy drugs can enhance their sensitizing effect on tumors and combat the drug resistance of cancer cells. EGCG can also suppress the adverse effects caused by chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of patients. However, the low bioavailability and off-target effects of EGCG limit its clinical application, and nanomodification shows promise in enhancing its antitumor activity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Yanting Cheng, Shang Liu, Wei Zheng, Pengfei Zhang, Hui Zhai
Summary: This article introduces the realization of the one-dimensional lattice Schwinger model using bosons and Rydberg-atom arrays, and discusses methods to study confinement and deconfinement by varying the mass of the matter field and tuning the topological angle.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. G. Echevarria, I. L. Egusquiza, E. Rico, G. Schnell
Summary: This paper introduces a quantum algorithm for performing quantum simulation of different nonperturbative parton correlators in high-energy collider physics, illustrated by considering a space-time Wilson loop, and discusses the implementation of the algorithm in actual quantum technologies.
Review
Plant Sciences
Jing Zhao, Junjie Hu
Summary: Global warming in this century has led to an increase in various abiotic stresses, which restrict plant growth and endanger global food production and security. Plants produce different phytohormones to mitigate the adverse effects of these stresses, including melatonin (MEL). Recent research has revealed the role of MEL in plants' responses to abiotic stresses, showing that it enhances physiological functions and improves stress tolerance.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vytautas Dudenas, Maximilian Loeschner
Summary: This article discusses how the renormalization constant of the Higgs vacuum expectation value fixed by a tadpole condition is responsible for gauge dependences in various definitions of parameters in the R-xi-gauge, as well as the relationship of this constant to the Fleischer-Jegerlehner (FJ) scheme. It also compares and discusses different approaches to the renormalization of tadpoles, identifying similarities and relations between them, and discusses the relationship to the Higgs background-field renormalization.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Abd-Elgawad Radi, Maha Ragaa Abd-Ellatief
Summary: This article reviews the diversity of electrochemical aptasensors for target analyte detection, covering strategies of aptamer immobilization, types of sensors, and applications for clinically important biomarkers.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yuanyuan Zhu, Jiaxin Ma, Pratteek Das, Sen Wang, Zhong-Shuai Wu
Summary: As an emerging class of 2D materials, MXene shows great potential in the field of supercapacitors. However, the working voltage of MXene-based SCs is limited due to oxidation and electrolyte decomposition. In order to overcome this issue, high-voltage MXene-based electrodes and matching electrolytes are urgently being developed. This article provides a comprehensive overview and systematic discussion on the effects of electrolytes, device configuration, and material modification on the operating voltage of MXene-based SCs, as well as the latest advances and future perspectives in high-voltage MXene-based SCs.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Maxwell T. Hansen, Raul A. Briceno, Robert G. Edwards, Christopher E. Thomas, David J. Wilson
Summary: Focusing on the three-pion states with maximal isospin, the first nonperturbative determination of an energy-dependent three-hadron scattering amplitude from first-principles QCD is presented. The resulting amplitude exhibits rich analytic structure and a complicated dependence on the two-pion invariant masses.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
William Detmold, Marc Illa, David J. Murphy, Patrick Oare, Kostas Orginos, Phiala E. Shanahan, Michael L. Wagman, Frank Winter
Summary: For the first time, the fraction of the longitudinal momentum of He-3 that is carried by the isovector combination of u and d quarks has been determined using lattice QCD. The ratio of this combination to that in the constituent nucleons is consistent with unity at the few-percent level. Extrapolation to physical quark masses shows that this constraint is more precise than determinations from global nuclear parton distribution function fits.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Robert Edwards, Colin Egerer, Joseph Karpie, Nikhil Karthik, Christopher Monahan, Wayne Morris, Kostas Orginos, Anatoly Radyushkin, David Richards, Eloy Romero, Raza Sabbir Sufian, Savvas Zafeiropoulos
Summary: In this study, the non-singlet helicity quark parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the nucleon are determined using lattice QCD and pseudo-distributions. By analyzing the space-like matrix elements and considering the short-distance behavior, the desired PDF is obtained while accounting for additional contamination. The helicity PDFs, as well as various sources of systematic error, are determined by characterizing the computed pseudo-distribution in a basis of Jacobi polynomials.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Avkhadiev, P. E. Shanahan, R. D. Young
Summary: It has been suggested that noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers can optimize interpolating operator constructions in lattice quantum field theory (LQFT) calculations. In this study, two specific methods were developed and implemented. The first method maximizes the fidelity between the state created by an interpolating operator and the target eigenstate, while the second method minimizes the energy expectation value of the interpolated state. These methods were applied in a proof-of-concept calculation for a single-flavor massive Schwinger model in (1 thorn 1) dimensions to obtain quantum-optimized interpolating operator constructions for a vector meson state. The results showed that energy minimization is more robust to quantum gate errors in the proof-of-concept calculation. This work demonstrates how intermediate-term quantum computers can accelerate classical LQFT calculations.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Salvatore Cali, Daniel C. Hackett, Yin Lin, Phiala E. Shanahan, Brian Xiao
Summary: This work develops neural-network-based preconditioners to accelerate the convergence of the conjugate gradient solver in lattice quantum field theories. It shows that these neural-network preconditioners outperform other conventional preconditioning approaches, such as even-odd or incomplete Cholesky decompositions, in terms of reducing the number of iterations and complex operations required for convergence. Additionally, a volume-transferring technique is introduced to enable the use of small lattice volumes for training preconditioners in ensembles with larger lattice volumes, without significant performance degradation.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Archana Radhakrishnan, Jozef J. Dudek, Robert G. Edwards, Hadron Spectrum Collaboration Hadron Spectrum Collaboration
Summary: The first calculation in lattice QCD of the gamma K -K7r process with the narrow K* vector resonance is presented. The transition amplitude at 128 points in the (Q2 , EK7r) plane is determined using a lattice with a pion mass of 284 MeV, and suitable resonant scattering descriptions are found. The need to consider S-wave K7r elastic scattering when converting finite-volume matrix elements computed in lattice QCD to infinite-volume matrix elements, even in the case of primarily interested in the P-wave amplitude, is demonstrated. By analytically continuing parametrizations of the gamma K -K7r amplitude to the K* resonance pole, the K*+ -K+gamma transition form factor is obtained and compared to the Q2 = 0 value extracted from experimental partial decay width.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Qihan Wang, Bin Ren, Jie Chen, Robert G. Edwards
Summary: This paper introduces a multi-GPU scheduling framework, MICCO, to accelerate the calculation of many-body correlation functions by considering the data dimension. By studying the interplay of data reuse and load balance, MICCO designs two new concepts and proposes a heuristic scheduling algorithm and a machine-learning-based regression model to optimize the setting. Evaluation results show that MICCO outperforms other state-of-the-art works in terms of performance.
2022 IEEE 36TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS 2022)
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Xiangkai Sun, William Detmold, Di Luo, Phiala E. Shanahan
Summary: Finite-volume pionless effective field theory provides an efficient framework for extrapolating nuclear spectra and matrix elements from finite volume to infinite volume, as well as for extending calculations to larger atomic systems. In this work, the authors demonstrate the implementation of this framework using optimized correlated Gaussian wave functions and solving a generalized eigenvalue problem, which is shown to be significantly more efficient compared to previous stochastic methods.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Dimitra A. Pefkou, Daniel C. Hackett, Phiala E. Shanahan
Summary: The lattice QCD study investigates the gluon gravitational form factors of hadrons, revealing their contributions to various mechanical properties and estimating corresponding mechanical and mass radii. The results provide insights into the internal structure of hadrons and the role of gluons.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michael S. Albergo, Gurtej Kanwar, Sebastien Racaniere, Danilo J. Rezende, Julian M. Urban, Denis Boyda, Kyle Cranmer, Daniel C. Hackett, Phiala E. Shanahan
Summary: Algorithms based on normalizing flows are seen as promising machine learning methods for sampling complex probability distributions. Studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in scalar theories, gauge theories, and statistical systems, while developing approaches for sampling theories with dynamical fermions. These methods have been applied to the sampling of field configurations in a two-dimensional theory involving massless staggered fermions and a scalar field with Yukawa interaction.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Phiala Shanahan, Michael Wagman, Yong Zhao
Summary: This study presents a lattice QCD calculation of the nonperturbative Collins-Soper kernel, showing that different approaches to extract the kernel yield significantly different results and uncertainty estimates.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
W. Detmold, D. J. Murphy, A. Pochinsky, M. J. Savage, P. E. Shanahan, M. L. Wagman
Summary: The propagator sparsening algorithm reduces computational cost by constructing correlation functions from sparsened propagators defined on a coarsened lattice geometry. When studying the low-energy QCD ground-state spectrum, the extracted ground state masses and binding energies are consistent when determined from correlation functions constructed from sparsened and full propagators.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Marc Illa, Silas R. Beane, Emmanuel Chang, Zohreh Davoudi, William Detmold, David J. Murphy, Kostas Orginos, Assumpta Parreno, Martin J. Savage, Phiala E. Shanahan, Michael L. Wagman, Frank Winter
Summary: In this study, interactions between two octet baryons at low energies were investigated using LQCD with larger-than-physical quark masses. The results showed that most systems were bound at this pion mass, except for the repulsive interactions in the spin-triplet Sigma N and Xi Xi channels. Extrapolation of binding energies to the physical point was performed, and constraints on low-energy coefficients in pionless EFT relevant for two-baryon interactions were determined.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Antoni J. Woss, Jozef J. Dudek, Robert G. Edwards, Christopher E. Thomas, David J. Wilson
Summary: The study presents the first determination of the hadronic decays of the lightest exotic J(PC) = 1(-+) resonance in lattice QCD. By computing finite-volume spectra on six lattice volumes, the researchers found a narrow resonance with relatively weak couplings to certain decay channels. The results suggest potential agreement with experimental observations of the pi(1)(1564) candidate state.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Colin Egerer, Robert G. Edwards, Kostas Orginos, David G. Richards
Summary: This work explores modifications to the distillation framework to extend the idea of momentum smearing, allowing for reliable extraction of ground-state nucleon energies and resolution of matrix elements with significant momentum dependence.
