Antitumor effects of seleno-short-chain chitosan (SSCC) against human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells

Seleno-short-chain chitosan (SSCC) is a derivative of chitosan. In the present study, we sought to investigate the underlying antitumor mechanism of SSCC on human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells in vitro. MTT assay suggested that SSCC exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of BGC-823 cells. We found the SSCC-treated cells showed typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis in a dose dependent manner by observing on microscope. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and cell cycle assay identified that SSCC could induce BGC-823 cells apoptosis by triggering G2/M phase arrest. Our research provided the first evidence that SSCC could effectively induce the apoptosis of BGC-823 cells via an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, as indicated by inducing the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the excessive accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the activation of caspase 3, caspase 9 and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) in BGC-823 cells. These combined results clearly indicated that SSCC could induce BGC-823 cells apoptosis by the involvement of mitochondrial signaling pathway, which provided precise experimental evidence for SSCC as a potential agent in the prevention and treatment of human gastric cancer.