Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yeongchang Goh, Jongwoo Kim, Hye Sun Park, Taeyoung Jung, Kwan Soo Hong, Sang Hwan Nam, Yung Doug Suh, Kang Taek Lee
Summary: Cell-cell communication is crucial for cellular differentiation, organ function, and immune responses. This study demonstrates the use of dual-colour imaging with upconverting nanoparticles to visualize the intercellular transport of cargo molecules, and shows that extracellular vesicles can be transmitted along with fluorescently labelled proteins.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah A. Walsh, Benjamin W. Hoyt, Cassie J. Rowe, Devaveena Dey, Thomas A. Davis
Summary: Severe polytraumatic injury can lead to immune dysfunction, but early biomarkers for immune dysfunction are currently lacking. Study of exosomal cargo may provide critical insights for intervention.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rebecca S. Aguirre, Abhishek Kulkarni, Matthew W. Becker, Xiaoyong Lei, Soumyadeep Sarkar, Sasanka Ramanadham, Edward A. Phelps, Ernesto S. Nakayasu, Emily K. Sims, Raghavendra G. Mirmira
Summary: Islet β cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) potentially serving as an important mechanism for cellular communication. Understanding the formation and cargo of EVs may offer new insights into T1D pathogenesis and potentially lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Future research in EV biology could provide opportunities for intervention in T1D.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rebecca S. Aguirre, Abhishek Kulkarni, Matthew W. Becker, Xiaoyong Lei, Soumyadeep Sarkar, Sasanka Ramanadham, Edward A. Phelps, Ernesto S. Nakayasu, Emily K. Sims, Raghavendra G. Mirmira
Summary: This review examines the impact of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by pancreatic islet beta cells on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The formation and cargo of EVs play important roles in the pathogenesis of T1D and have the potential to serve as biomarkers or therapeutic candidates.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jifeng Xu, Yu Chen, Dongsheng Yu, Li Zhang, Xiaofan Dou, Gang Wu, Yaping Wang, Shuijun Zhang
Summary: The study revealed that osteoporotic patients had significantly higher concentrations of EVs in plasma, which showed a linear correlation with bone mineral density values. The expression levels of miRNAs and Wnt signals were associated with osteoporosis, indicating that osteoporosis increases the secretion of EVs that carry specific molecules affecting mineralization capacity.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Christopher Millan, Lukas Prause, Queralt Vallmajo-Martin, Natalie Hensky, Daniel Eberli
Summary: Engineered microtissues have a significant impact on extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by benign and malignant prostate cells, with a higher yield of EVs per cell in 3D cultures compared to 2D. Whole transcriptome sequencing and proteomics analysis reveal stark contrasts in molecular cargo between 2D-EVs and 3D-EVs, with exclusive enrichment of known drivers of prostate cancer progression in 3D-EVs. Functional assays demonstrate that only 3D-EVs confer increased invasiveness and chemoresistance to cells in 2D, highlighting the potential of engineered 3D microtissue cultures for identifying biomarkers not detectable in standard 2D conditions.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Maria Harmati, Matyas Bukva, Timea Boroczky, Krisztina Buzas, Edina Gyukity-Sebestyen
Summary: Metabolomic reprogramming in tumor and stroma cells is a key aspect of cancer development, but the study of metabolite composition in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is still nascent. While EVs play a crucial role in intercellular communication, particularly in tumor progression, there is limited understanding of the biological activity of tumor EV metabolites.
CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Haifeng Zeng, Shaoshen Guo, Xuancheng Ren, Zhenkun Wu, Shuwen Liu, Xingang Yao
Summary: Extracellular vesicles, including ectosomes and exosomes, have emerged as promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which are 30-100 nm in diameter and possess a lipid bilayer, have high biocompatibility, stability, and low immunogenicity, making them desirable for cargo delivery. Loading cargo into exosomes, however, remains challenging despite various strategies developed. This review provides an overview of current cargo delivery strategies using exosomes and summarizes recent approaches for loading small-molecule, nucleic acid, and protein drugs into exosomes, offering insights for more efficient drug delivery.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Monteiro-Reis, Carina Carvalho-Maia, Genevieve Bart, Seppo J. Vainio, Juliana Pedro, Eunice R. Silva, Goreti Sales, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jeronimo
Summary: EVs, as heterogeneous cell-derived membranous granules, play a crucial role in CNS-related disorders and have been studied for their molecular components in disease progression and therapeutic applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Chenchen Yi, Ya Ni, Peibei Sun, Tian Gao, Kun Li
Summary: This study investigated the changes in size and protein cargo of oviductal extracellular vesicles (OEVs) during the different stages of the estrous cycle in mice. The results showed that the size distribution and protein cargo of OEVs varied at different stages of the estrous cycle. Additionally, OEVs were found in the cilia and microvilli of epithelial cells, with the highest number observed during the proestrus stage. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the physiological characteristics of OEVs and their potential clinical applications.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rafaela F. Amatuzzi, Daniel Zamith-Miranda, Isadora F. Munhoz da Rocha, Aline C. R. Lucena, Sharon de Toledo Martins, Rodrigo Streit, Charley C. Staats, Gabriel Trentin, Fausto Almeida, Marcio L. Rodrigues, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Lysangela R. Alves
Summary: Antifungal resistance is increasing, with Candida auris being highly resistant to antifungal drugs. This study found that treatment with caspofungin led to increased production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in C. auris and altered the content of RNA and proteins enclosed in the EVs. The ability of C. auris to change the composition of EVs may contribute to its ability to evade antifungal treatment.
Review
Neurosciences
Josie L. Fullerton, Caitlin C. Cosgrove, Rebecca A. Rooney, Lorraine M. Work
Summary: Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of death and disability, and microRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as biomarkers and therapeutics in AIS. EV-derived miRNAs, including those transported via MSC-derived EVs, are associated with AIS and have therapeutic potential. These findings enhance our understanding of neuropathological processes in AIS and determine the clinical value of EV-packaged miRNAs.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Masaharu Somiya, Shun'ichi Kuroda
Summary: This study developed an EV cargo delivery assay using a NanoBiT system, enabling real-time quantitative measurement of EV cargo delivery efficiency. It was found that modification of EVs with a virus-derived fusogenic protein significantly enhanced cytoplasmic cargo delivery.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Viviana De Martino, Michela Rossi, Giulia Battafarano, Jessica Pepe, Salvatore Minisola, Andrea Del Fattore
Summary: Osteosarcoma is a skeletal tumor that predominantly affects children and adolescents, often metastasizing to the lungs. Current treatment approaches involve surgery and chemotherapy, but drug resistance and side effects necessitate the search for new therapeutic strategies. Extracellular vesicles have sparked interest as potential diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles for osteosarcoma, offering a promising avenue for treatment advancement.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Cherrie D. Sherman, Shweta Lodha, Susmita Sahoo
Summary: EVs, actively secreted by cells, play a significant role in intercellular communication and have therapeutic potential. They can transfer bioactive molecules to maintain cellular homeostasis, diagnose diseases, and treat disease progression. Understanding EV cargo sorting mechanisms and designing therapeutic delivery systems are crucial for utilizing EVs in treating cardiovascular disease.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Linlin Yin, Lisette A. Maddison, Mingyu Li, Nergis Kara, Matthew C. LaFave, Gaurav K. Varshney, Shawn M. Burgess, James G. Patton, Wenbiao Chen
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Linlin Yin, Lisette A. Maddison, Mingyu Li, Nergis Kara, Matthew C. LaFave, Gaurav K. Varshney, Shawn M. Burgess, James G. Patton, Wenbiao Chen
Article
Developmental Biology
Sataree Khuansuwan, Joshua A. Clanton, Benjamin J. Dean, James G. Patton, Joshua T. Gamse
Article
Oncology
Jing Wang, Hua-Chang Chen, Quanhu Sheng, T. Renee Dawson, Robert J. Coffey, James G. Patton, Alissa M. Weaver, Yu Shyr, Qi Liu
Summary: Through a systematic assessment of small RNA sequencing, we identified the quality, technical, and potential biological biases introduced by different EV isolation methods and the enrichment of specific small RNA types in EVs. The findings from this study provide guidance for quality control of EV small RNA-seq, selection of EV isolation techniques, and enhance the interpretation of small RNA contents and preferential loading in EVs.
