Article
Environmental Sciences
Changqing Liu, Zongcheng Ling, Jiang Zhang, Zhongchen Wu, Hongchun Bai, Yiheng Liu
Summary: This study developed a laboratory standoff LIBS system combined with a Martian simulation chamber to examine the geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks and applied three multivariate analysis methods to characterize the samples. Results show that PCA is better suited for identifying igneous rock lithology with higher correlation than using predicted elemental ratios derived by PLS and LASSO. This preliminary study provides suitable methods for the elemental prediction and geochemical identification of Martian rocks.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaolong Li, Xueqi Liu, Shuhang Gong, Yaju Li, Liangwen Chen, Dongbin Qian, Shaofeng Zhang, Xinwen Ma
Summary: An experimental investigation was conducted to explore a method for characterizing the surface mechanical properties of soft materials using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. The experiment involved the use of five soft samples with different bulk packing fractions, prepared by random packings of copper grains. The results showed that LIBS measurements successfully detected small mechanical differences among these samples, indicating the feasibility and sensitivity of the investigated method. The study also revealed the importance of atomic spectral lines in establishing a mechanical indicator for soft materials, as opposed to the commonly reported ionic lines in the LIBS literature for solid materials.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Guanghui Chen, Qingdong Zeng, Wenxin Li, Xiangang Chen, Mengtian Yuan, Lin Liu, Honghua Ma, Boyun Wang, Yang Liu, Lianbo Guo, Huaqing Yu
Summary: The identification of steels is essential for recycling and reusing steel waste. A study developed a method using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with deep belief network (DBN) to classify different brands of special steels with high accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
B. S. Lakshmi Prasad, A. Raja Annamalai
Summary: The study demonstrates that adding Rhenium to traditional Tungsten heavy alloys improves their mechanical properties, making them suitable for applications requiring high strength and density.
AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Optics
A. H. Galmed, Ona Balachninaite, O. Aied Nassef
Summary: As the demand for quick and remote hardness estimation increases, there is increasing attention to using LIBS for such applications. Most previous studies have used nanosecond laser sources for LIBS, while the use of femtosecond laser has not been researched. This study analyzed five samples with different hardness using both nanosecond and femtosecond LIBS to estimate relative hardness. The Boltzmann plot method was used to calculate the plasma excitation temperature (Te), which is closely related to the samples' hardness. The results showed that nanosecond LIBS exhibited an increase in Te as the hardness of the sample increased, while femtosecond LIBS showed the opposite behavior with a decrease in Te as the hardness increased. This discrepancy may be due to the different plasma plume creation processes and expansion for nanosecond and femtosecond lasers.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shangcheng Zhou, Ruizhi Jian, Yao-Jian Liang, Yichao Zhu, Benpeng Wang, Liang Wang, Lu Wang, Yang Ren, Yunfei Xue
Summary: A novel WHA with strong susceptibility to ASB, using a precipitation-hardening HEA as the binding phase of W particles, was reported in this work. The formation of nanoscale L1(2) precipitates and high dislocation density contribute to a high dynamic yield strength of approximately 2300 MPa. Additionally, a narrow ASB with a width of about 12 μm was observed in the novel WHA, showing a great susceptibility to ASB.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ajit Panigrahi, Tarini S. Acharya, Pradyut Sengupta, Deepak Kumar, Lingaraj Sarangi, Navin Kumar, Debidutta Debasish, Satyam Suwas, Suddhasatwa Basu, Mayadhar Debata
Summary: Novel tungsten heavy alloys using a high entropy alloy as a binder were successfully developed in this study. The hydrogen treated sintered samples showed better densification, compressive strength, and hardness, with the best performance achieved at 1500 degrees Celsius.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. S. Vaisakh, U. K. Adarsh, K. Amrutha, Anish Kumar Warrier, V. B. Kartha, V. K. Unnikrishnan
Summary: The increased use of plastic products and global industrial conditions have led to pollution of natural resources, especially water, with microplastics and heavy metals. Continuous monitoring of water samples is urgently needed, but current methods require complicated and separate sampling approaches. This article proposes a system that uses multi-modal LIBS-Raman spectroscopy to detect microplastics and heavy metals in water, with a unified sampling and pre-processing approach. The system can accurately detect trace elements from microplastic surfaces, such as heavy metals and other elements. It has been compared to conventional techniques and showed better results in detecting microplastic-based trace elements.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xin Lan, Zhi-Bo Li, He Zhang, Guo-Hua Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of rare earth oxides on Mo-W alloys and finds that La2O3 doping can effectively suppress grain growth, improve mechanical properties, and obtain dense and fine-grained Mo-W solid-solution alloys.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Zhangping Hu, Ye Liu, Jin Wu, Ji Dong, Zongqing Ma, Yongchang Liu
Summary: The sintering post-treatment temperature significantly impacts the microstructure and mechanical properties of 93W4.6Ni-2.4Fe tungsten heavy alloy, with the specimen showing highest tensile strength and elongation at 1480 degrees C. The high ductility at this temperature is attributed to the formation of high-density dimples and the bridging effect of gamma phase on cracks, while the high strength is related to factors like density, contiguity, tungsten particle size, and solid solution strengthening.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sunita Ahlawat, Pranab K. Mukhopadhyay, Rashmi Singh, S. K. Dixit, K. S. Bindra
Summary: In this study, laser textured silicon substrates were evaluated for uniform solidification of water based samples using LIBS. The laser texturing provided stable superhydrophilicity to the silicon surfaces, resulting in uniform spreading and solidification of the samples. The use of the textured area also confined the liquid samples and allowed for detection at ppm and sub-ppm levels, with the limit of detection improving to ppb level through repeated placement and drying of small droplets.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Shao, Weikang Yu, Jifei Wu, Haiwen Ma
Summary: The microstructures and mechanical properties of W-NiTi tungsten heavy alloys were investigated by varying sintering temperatures. The results showed that tungsten particle size increased with sintering temperature, while density decreased. Cavity formation at 1560 degrees C sintering temperature resulted in reduced mechanical properties. The higher activation energy for grain growth of tungsten particles in the NiTi binder indicated a more difficult diffusion process during sintering.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
David Prochazka, Pavel Porizka, Jakub Hruska, Karel Novotny, Ales Hrdlicka, Jozef Kaiser
Summary: This study aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) that can predict the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of selected spectral lines based on specific experimental parameters and sample properties. The ANN was trained using a large number of measurements from different materials and optimized for performance. It was found that at least 20 combinations of experimental parameters are necessary for one matrix to obtain reasonable performance of the ANN. However, only ten combinations are needed when a new matrix is added. The prediction accuracy is poor for spectral lines not included in the training data. The ANN was used to predict the SNR of selected spectral lines and discuss the values in relation to sample properties.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Hussein Salloom, Tagreed Hamad
Summary: In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis was optimized for direct estimation of elemental composition, thermal conductivity, and hardness for Ni-Cr-Nb alloys with variable elemental content. Calibration curves were established based on the ratio between two spectral lines to estimate element concentration, and LIBS results were confirmed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data. Empirical formulas correlating hardness and thermal conductivity with plasma temperature were developed by measuring the ratio between two spectral lines, plasma excitation temperature, and electron density for different samples.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chun-Liang Chen, Sutrisna
Summary: The study found that the binder phase of NiFeCoCr medium entropy alloy dispersed in W-Mo heavy tungsten alloy has a single FCC solid solution structure, and a lower Cr content encourages the dissolution of Cr into the tungsten matrix; as the sintering temperature increased to 1450 degrees C, liquid phase sintering became dominant in the model alloys, resulting in a decrease in hardness.
Article
Optics
Ran Hai, Weina Tong, Ding Wu, Zhonglin He, Harse Sattar, Cong Li, Hongbin Ding
Summary: The OPC-LIBS method improves the accuracy of quantitative analysis for titanium alloys by using one-point calibration and a Saha-Boltzmann plot, leading to more precise determination of composition compared to the conventional CF-LIBS approach.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Imran, Ding Wu, Harse Sattar, Muhammad Amir, Zhong-Lin He, Ran Hai, Pinaki Das Gupta, Gennadii Remnev, Hongbin Ding
Summary: In this study, LIBS was applied for the depth profiling of multilayer metallic coatings on ITER-like wall materials, with different spectral signal processing methods used to determine depth profile and material properties. The intensity normalization method was found to provide the best results for thickness measurement and interface analysis of multilayer coatings.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yueying Jia, Yiqin Wang, Lu Gao, Ting Chen, Qingmei Xiao, Ding Wu
Summary: The paper first determined the relationship between the intensity of the tungsten spectral line and laser energy in the laboratory as a prerequisite for in situ LIBS analysis. Additionally, the effects of different ablation angles on the temporal evolution of the spectrum of the laser ablated tungsten material were investigated in detail, providing a reference for in situ LIBS analysis.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Ding Wu, George C-Y Chan, Xianglei Mao, Yu Li, Richard E. Russo, Hongbin Ding, Vassilia Zorba
Summary: The temporal and spatial evolutions of differently charged ions in a nanosecond-laser-produced W plasma were investigated, demonstrating that ions with higher charge states have higher velocities and space separation occurs between differently charged ion groups. The temporal profile of the ions can be accurately fitted by a shifted Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, revealing continuous ion acceleration and space separation during the plasma expansion process.
PLASMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Liying Sun, Ding Wu, Cong Li, Dongye Zhao, Jing Wu, Suk-Ho Hong, Eunnam Bang, Zhenghua Hu, Hongbin Ding
Summary: The study used LIBS to analyze deuterium retention and carbon deposition on tungsten castellated blocks from KSTAR, finding that the shape of the divertor blocks affects deposition characteristics and provides valuable information.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Liying Sun, Ding Wu, Cong Li, Jing Wu, Suk-Ho Hong, Eunnam Bang, Zhenhua Hu, Fang Ding, Guangnan Luo, Hongbin Ding
Summary: Boronization is essential for the high performance operation of tokamaks like KSTAR and ITER. Using LIBS diagnostic method, this study investigated boron impurity deposition on tungsten tiles in KSTAR, proposing a subtraction method to measure boron deposition accurately. The study also analyzed depth profiles of impurity elements and lateral distribution of boron and carbon, providing valuable insights into the plasma-wall interaction process in KSTAR.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Yunpeng Zhou, Zhenlin Hu, Shenglin Li, Yang Gu, Weiliang Wang, Feng Chen, Harse Sattar, Fang Li, Lianbo Guo
Summary: This study presents a method that uses a duplicating mirror for self-absorption correction in the detection of sea salt aerosols via LIBS, improving accuracy and stability.
ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Yan Lyu, Zhonglin He, XueYan Wang, Xue Bai, Cong Li, Ding Wu, Ran Hai, Hongbin Ding
Summary: In this study, a spatially lateral-resolved investigation of the co-deposition of helium and aluminum in nonuniform layers was conducted. The results showed that the thickness of the co-deposited layers decreased with increasing lateral distance, and the areal number density of helium retention also exhibited a similar trend.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Harse Sattar, Hai Ran, Zhenlin Hu, Feiyu Guan, Muhammad Imran, Lianbo Guo, Wei Luo, Hongbin Ding
Summary: This study simulated the changes in pure tungsten and tungsten heavy alloy materials caused by laser-induced transient heat load events. By combining the advantages of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser ultrasonic testing, a novel laser Opto-ultrasonic dual detection technique was used for simultaneous and in-situ detection of elemental information, grain size, and hardness. The results showed correlations between hardness and LIBS calibration curve, as well as between grain size and ultrasonic acoustic attenuation.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Muhammad Imran, Zhenhua Hu, Fang Ding, Miaohui Li, Guang-Nan Luo, Harse Sattar, Muzmmil Iqbal, Hongbin Ding
Summary: The deposition of the impurity layer on the lower hybrid wave gas puffing pipe (LHW-GPP) in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) was characterized using the calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS). The study revealed that the impurity deposition was caused by plasma-surface interactions with different materials, resulting in the erosion of these materials.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Harse Sattar, Zhenlin Hu, Feiyu Guan, Shengqun Shi, Deng Zhang, Muhammad Imran, Zaiqi Tang, Lianbo Guo, Wei Luo
Summary: A novel in-situ laser Opto-ultrasonic dual detection (LOUD) approach was developed to analyze the elemental composition, grain size distribution, and hardness of heat-treated Ti6AL4V alloy. The results showed that annealing temperature and cooling rate significantly affect the microstructure and phase transition, leading to changes in grain size and hardness. The in-situ LOUD technique provides a reliable and efficient method for real-time analysis of heat-treated Ti alloy.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Huace Wu, Cong Li, Ding Wu, Jiamin Liu, Zhonglin He, Qianhui Li, Shu Yuan, Xiaoqian Cui, Ran Hai, Hongbin Ding
Summary: A LIBS system with a coaxial collection configuration based on the linear array fiber bundle was developed to investigate the features of laser-induced tungsten (W) plasma spectra at variable laser ablation angles (LAAs) under vacuum conditions. The results showed that the intensity of the W I line decreased faster than W II with increasing LAAs, and the continuum background emission propagated mainly along the direction of the incident laser. The findings will further enhance understanding of the spatial evolution of LIBS plasma at variable LAAs in order to optimize the current collection system in the nuclear fusion device of EAST.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ding Wu, Liying Sun, Jiamin Liu, Yan Lyu, Huace Wu, Shu Yuan, Ran Hai, Cong Li, Chunlei Feng, Dongye Zhao, Hongbin Ding
Summary: Gas pressure has a significant impact on plasma plume expansion and spectral emission, with 10-100 Pa pressure and 200-500 ns delay time being the optimal conditions for LIBS application in tokamak wall material diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
