Article
Energy & Fuels
Kartik Kumar, Kapil Pareek
Summary: Slow charging of batteries is a challenge for the deployment of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Fast charging can cause various issues, and one solution is multistage constant current (MCC) charging. This study optimized the charging levels of 5S-CC charging and compared it with CC-CV charging, aiming to create an efficient lithium-ion battery charging technique for electric vehicles.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zehao Kang, Chenlei Lu, Haoqin Hu, Yin Huang, Xuping Mao, Dongji Xuan
Summary: This paper proposes a fast-charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries based on an intelligent optimization algorithm with multi-physics constraints. The strategy is developed using a thermoelectric coupling model and a battery degradation model. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to calculate the optimal charging strategy, and two charging strategies with different optimization objectives are developed based on the Pareto boundary. Simulation results show that the proposed multistage constant-current (MCC) charging strategy can effectively adjust the charging current and improve charging speed while reducing capacity and energy loss compared to the traditional constant current-constant voltage (CCCV) charging strategy of 2C.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Li Jiang, Yuduo Huang, Yong Li, Jiaqi Yu, Xuebo Qiao, Chun Huang, Yijia Cao
Summary: This paper introduces a variable-current charging strategy for Li-ion batteries, which divides the charging process based on SOC and finds the optimal charging pattern using NSGA-III. The Second-order Thevenin model is established to simulate the charging process, and verification experiments show that the proposed strategy reduces temperature and loss compared to the CC-CV strategy under the same charging time and capacity.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yiming Xu, Xiaohua Ge, Ruohan Guo, Weixiang Shen
Summary: This article proposes a novel soft short-circuit fault diagnosis algorithm that can accurately estimate the SC resistance with limited charging data, providing simultaneous fault detection and estimation for EV batteries.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pang-Jung Liu, Tzu-Feng Chen, Hao-Shun Yang
Summary: This paper presents a battery charger with variable charging current and automatic voltage-compensation controls, which can achieve safe and fast charging. The proposed controls optimize the charging current and time, and experimental results verify their effectiveness.
IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Praveen Nambisan, Pankaj Saha, Munmun Khanra
Summary: In this work, a real-time optimal fast charging protocol is implemented using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP) to solve the optimal control framework balancing between charging time and ohmic heat generation. The control concepts of costate jump conditions are modified and extensive offline optimization results are used to examine the real-time optimal fast charging protocol under varying operating constraints. The effect of different boundary conditions on charging profile and sensitive parameters, as well as comparison with a standard CCCV charging algorithm, is investigated. Finally, the comparison between a typical optimal fast charging profile and a standard 2C CCCV protocol is experimentally examined.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Bibaswan Bose, A. Garg, B. K. Panigrahi, Jonghoon Kim
Summary: This paper reviews 26 charging strategies with low computational burden and easy adaptability, and proposes a framework for a fast-charging controller to develop a charging management system, aiming to facilitate industrial adaptation of electric vehicles and encourage consumer adoption.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Ravi Teja Villuri, Mukesh Singh, Yuval Beck
Summary: Li-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and portable electronic devices due to their high energy density, low self-discharge rates, and high discharge rate. The efficiency of these batteries depends on the appropriate charging method. In this study, a novel charging process based on constant pulse and constant voltage (CP-CV) method is proposed and tested. Experimental results show that the CP-CV method significantly reduces charging time, increases charge storage, and reduces the temperature of Li-ion cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Si-Zhe Chen, Zikang Liang, Haoliang Yuan, Ling Yang, Fangyuan Xu, Yun Zhang
Summary: This study proposes a novel method that utilizes both statistical and geometric features of Li-ion batteries to improve the accuracy of SOH estimation. The features are extracted from the constant-voltage charging stage and combined with the mean CV charging current, and the XGBoost algorithm is used to construct the SOH estimation model. The proposed model achieves high accuracy for all three battery types and demonstrates good adaptability to different discharge current rates, even with only the first 50% of the CV charging data.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhijie Xu, Fangxu Hu, De Li, Yong Chen
Summary: Spinel LiCrTiO4 samples were synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state method, and electrochemical testing revealed oscillations in charging within a temperature range of 800-900 degrees Celsius. Non-stoichiometric LiCrTiO4 samples, especially with reduced Li content or increased Cr content, were found to suppress the oscillations.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Heze You, Haifeng Dai, Lizhen Li, Xuezhe Wei, Guangshuai Han
Summary: This paper utilizes an advanced multi-factors coupling aging model and bi-objective PSO algorithm to derive the optimal low-temperature charging strategy for Lithium-ion batteries, considering both battery health and charging time objectives. The strategy achieves a desirable balance between charging speed and battery health under low-temperature charging conditions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Chien-Hsing Lee, Xin-Jie Wang, Kuei-You Lin, Joe-Air Jiang
Summary: This study experimentally tested a multistage constant-current (CC) charging method for lithium-ion batteries controlled by the state-of-charge (SoC) discretization. The results show that the three-stage CC (3SCC) protocol with unequally discretized SoC intervals reduces the energy loss, decreases the charge time, increases the charge efficiency, and lowers the average cell surface temperature rise compared to the protocol with equally discretized SoC intervals.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yongjie Liu, Zhiwu Huang, Liang He, Jianping Pan, Heng Li, Jun Peng
Summary: This paper proposes a temperature-aware charging strategy with adaptive current sequences for lithium-ion batteries, which improves charging performance in cold environments by adjusting the charging scheme based on battery temperature and state of charge. Results show that this strategy reduces charging time, slows down capacity decay, and decreases self-heating time compared to existing methods.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Amirhosein Sarchami, Mehrdad Kiani, Mohammad Najafi, Ehsan Houshfar
Summary: Liquid-cooled systems effectively manage the temperature of LIB packs during discharge/charge. This study proposes an innovative active cooling system using AgO nanofluid and copper mold for controlling the heat generated by 21700-format lithium-ion batteries. The effects of charge/discharge rates, AgO nanoparticle volume fractions, coolant inflow velocity, and inlet liquid temperature on the thermal efficiency of the LIB pack are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that adding silver-oxide nanoparticles to the cooling system significantly decreases the maximum temperature and temperature dissimilarity of the batteries, and increasing the inflow coolant velocity and inlet liquid temperature further affects the temperature of the batteries.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shaosen Su, Wei Li, Akhil Garg, Liang Gao
Summary: This paper presents an adaptive boosting charging strategy that incorporates capacity estimation based on operation parameters. The strategy allows for adaptive adjustment during the charging/discharging cycling process. The study establishes a coupling thermoelectric-aging battery model and uses a multi-objective optimization framework to balance charging time and capacity attenuation. The proposed strategy showed promising results in simulations.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Fang Liu, Haitao Liu, Yong Li, Denis Sidorov
Summary: This paper proposes two relaxed negative-determination lemmas to deduce the negative definite condition of a quadratic function with respect to a time-varying delay. The developed lemmas are applied to derive the stability criteria for nominal and uncertain systems, and numerical examples are given to demonstrate their potential advantages and superiority over previous work.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jinjie Lin, Sixiang Lin, Yong Li, Sijia Hu, Jing Zhang, Jie Zhang, Bonan An, Zhiwen Zhang, Bin Xie, Fangyuan Zhou, Yang Cao, Jiahua Yu
Summary: This paper proposes an energy storage-based railway power flow controller (ES-RPFC) with partial compensation strategy (PCS) to improve grid-connection performance and utilize regenerative braking energy (RBE). The relationship between primary power factor (PF), two-phase compensated power, and converters' rating is investigated, and a PCS is developed to reduce converters' rating while satisfying grid-connection indices. A comprehensive power-flow management scheme is then established, considering the developed PCS, and the control strategy of the converter-level controller is provided. Simulation and hardware-in-loop (HIL) experimental results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposal.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shaoyang Wang, Yong Li, Mingmin Zhang, Yanjian Peng, Ye Tian, Gang Lin, Fanrui Chang
Summary: This article presents a novel scheme of using the inductive power filtering method (IPFM) to solve the harmonic resonance issues in large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants, taking actual engineering as a case study. The performance of power filters is improved by reshaping the impedance network of the PV plant using the special structure and dual zero-impedance design of IPFM, thus suppressing the harmonic resonance caused by the interaction between inverters and the power grid. The topology and components of the IPFM-based large-scale PV plant are introduced, and the mathematical model and simplified circuit are established. The feasibility of the proposal is verified through simulation and engineering tests.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qiang Ou, Longfu Luo, Yong Li, Yantao Lin, Ye Tian
Summary: This paper proposes a reliability evaluation method based on dynamic relative displacement (DRDEM) for investigating the spatial differences and time effects of short-circuit faults in extra-high voltage (EHV) transformers. The appropriate and efficient analysis method is summarized by comparing the deviation among different calculated impedances and the measured value. The space-time effect of windings is obtained using the static magnetic field and dynamic structural field based on equivalent compression supports. The destructive short-circuit test on a 50 MVA/110 kV transformer confirms the adaptability of DRDEM in characterizing the winding ability to withstand short circuit when investigating the spatial differences and time effects.
IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ye Tian, Longfu Luo, Yong Li, Qianyi Liu, Shaoyang Wang, Zhao Huang, Jinjie Lin
Summary: This paper presents the design and implementation of a dual harmonic balanced configuration transformer (DHBCT) that achieves harmonic multi-port isolation. The filtering mechanism and electromagnetic decoupling model are demonstrated, and fault analysis is investigated to verify the proposed method.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Junjie Zhong, Yong Li, Yijia Cao, Yi Tan, Yanjian Peng, Yicheng Zhou, Yosuke Nakanishi, Zhengmao Li
Summary: This paper proposes a distributed scheduling method for the coordination between multi-energy microgrid and distribution network under operational uncertainties. The method combines column and constraint generation algorithm, multi-interval convex hull uncertainty set, and Bregman alternating direction method with multipliers to improve convergence. Simulation tests on IEEE-33 node distribution network and a park-level microgrid demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Qiang Ou, Longfu Luo, Yong Li, Ying Li, Jinwen Xiang
Summary: Power transformers are susceptible to external short circuit impact during operation, which can cause winding destabilization and collapse. The traditional analytical methods ignore the manufacturing deviation and operation impact. To overcome this limitation, the paper proposes the equivalent support stiffness (ESS) analytical method, which considers the effects of assembly gaps and insulation shrinkage. The feasibility of the ESS method is demonstrated through short-circuit tests on two transformers.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Li Jiang, Yao Sun, Yong Li, Zhongting Tang, Fulin Liu, Yongheng Yang, Mei Su, Yijia Cao
Summary: This article extensively explores the dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter with phase shift control, and comparatively analyzes the optimum performances achieved with different objectives in each mode. The principle and operating modes of TPS control are introduced in detail, followed by the systematic derivation of the electrical characteristics of the converter in each operating mode. The analysis includes resonant commutation in each dead-band and the identification of the soft-switching areas of the converter. Optimization objectives such as zero-voltage switching (ZVS), peak and root mean square (rms) of the inductor current, backflow power, and operating losses are considered, and the optimized results are contrastively analyzed.
IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhongxiang Li, Yanghong Tan, Yong Li, Xian Yang, Zhonghuan Su, Jun Liu, Shaoyang Wang, Yuankai Wang
Summary: This paper introduces the calculation and evaluation method of radial stability of transformers under short-circuit condition, and verifies it through experiments. The experimental results show that the evaluation method is accurate with a deviation of less than 5%, and the accumulation of short-circuit current can accurately determine the critical radial instability state of the transformer. The tests also confirm the existence of short-circuit cumulative effect in a transformer.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qianyi Liu, Fang Liu, Yong Li, Shuzheng Wang
Summary: The research first introduces the tested 110 kV/23 MVA power supply system and the harmonic distribution at PCC. Multiple probability distribution functions are used to fit the background harmonic, and the optimal fitting function is selected. A simulation model of harmonic voltage is generated based on the selected fitting function. The harmonic contribution is determined using the superposition rule and the simulation model. The proposed method can be an alternative for harmonic contribution determination in engineering practice.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhentao Xu, Junjie Ma, Yousong Gao, Yong Li, Haifeng Yu, Lu Wang
Summary: With the increasing use of wind power and photovoltaic generation, the penetration rate of power electronics has also increased. The inertia characteristics of power-electronic-based power sources are different from synchronous generators, making their evaluation challenging. This paper analyzes the inertia characteristics of power-electronic-based power sources and proposes a measurement-based inertia identification method for such sources and high-power-electronic-penetrated power systems. The study discusses the inertia characteristics of different control strategies and their corresponding control parameters through a case study, showing that power-electronic-based power sources can provide higher inertia than synchronous generators, and their inertia changes with the output power.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Fang Liu, Jianghu Wan, Li Jiang, Yong Li, Kang-Zhi Liu
Summary: This article presents a soft-switching full-bridge AC-DC converter with a simple active auxiliary branch. The converter achieves zero voltage switching and zero current switching conditions through the use of auxiliary switches and inductors. A clamping technique is employed to mitigate the voltage stresses caused by resonance. The proposed converter demonstrates high efficiency and outstanding performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yahui Wang, Yong Li, Yijia Cao, Mohammad Shahidehpour, Lin Jiang, Yilin Long, Youyue Deng, Weiwei Li
Summary: Since the AS market is not fully open for MEMG, the potential of MEMG as a VPP has not been thoroughly explored. This study proposes an optimal operation strategy for MEMG participating in AS, and validates its feasibility through a practical MEMG in China.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Junjie Zhong, Yong Li, Yan Wu, Yijia Cao, Zhengmao Li, Yanjian Peng, Xuebo Qiao, Yong Xu, Qian Yu, Xusheng Yang, Zuyi Li, Mohammad Shahidehpour
Summary: This paper proposes a low-carbon operation model for an energy hub (EH) by combining the distributionally robust optimization (DRO) method with the Stackelberg game. The model incorporates a bilevel single-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg game and a Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence-based DRO model to handle the uncertainty of renewable generation in the EH. The proposed method is validated through numerical case studies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Nikolay Sidorov, Denis Sidorov, Yong Li
Summary: This article studies the system of differential and operator equations and presents the conditions for the existence of equilibrium points. The solution can be constructed using the method of successive approximations, and the main theorem provides conditions for the existence and stability of global classical solutions. If the conditions are not satisfied, there may be explosive solutions or solutions that stabilize to equilibrium points. These equation systems can model nonlinear phenomena in power systems and chemical processes.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.
