Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yong-Fei Zheng
Summary: Plate tectonics is a theory about the movement of the Earth's crust, with the crust being divided into different plates that move relative to each other. This theory explains the processes of continental drift, seafloor spreading, and lithospheric subduction, and how they shape the Earth's surface over time.
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Lazer, Eszter Hargittai, Deen Freelon, Sandra Gonzalez-Bailon, Kevin Munger, Katherine Ognyanova, Jason Radford
Summary: In the study of human societies in the 21st century, researchers are able to observe and measure a vastly larger share of behaviors than before. This calls for new approaches to manage, use and analyze data in order to keep up with rapidly changing social realities.
Editorial Material
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alexander A. Conklin, Suhas Kumar
Summary: By the end of this century, substantial improvements in computing energy efficiency, up to ten orders of magnitude, will be necessary to address major computing problems like planetary-scale weather modelling, real-time brain-scale modelling, and human evolutionary simulation.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guillaume Ghisbain, Wim Thiery, Francois Massonnet, Diana Erazo, Pierre Rasmont, Denis Michez, Simon Dellicour
Summary: A quantitative study of past, present and future ecological suitability of Europe for bumblebees finds that for 38-76% of species now considered non-threatened, suitable territory could decrease by at least 30% by 2061-2080.
Review
Plant Sciences
Tirthankar Bandyopadhyay, Roshan Kumar Singh, Palakurthi Ramesh, Jyoti Maurya, Manoj Prasad
Summary: Due to increasing population and climate change, the existing agricultural systems are under immense pressure, and alternative crops like millets can provide solutions to global food and nutritional security challenges.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Business
John Haltiwanger
Summary: In the 21st century, there has been a sharp decline in the number of new startups in various sectors in the USA, with the reason still open for debate. New startups play a significant role in job creation, innovation, and productivity growth. The global pandemic has reduced economic activity but also led to a surge in new business applications, potentially signaling a turning point in entrepreneurial activity.
SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Romain Hugonnet, Robert McNabb, Etienne Berthier, Brian Menounos, Christopher Nuth, Luc Girod, Daniel Farinotti, Matthias Huss, Ines Dussaillant, Fanny Brun, Andreas Kaab
Summary: The study found that glaciers around the world are melting at an accelerated rate, with contrasting patterns of mass loss in different geographical regions. Overall, glaciers are losing mass more rapidly, with similar or even larger acceleration rates than Greenland or Antarctic ice sheets taken separately. These findings also highlight the importance of understanding drivers that influence glacier change to predict future changes and mitigate the impacts of sea-level rise.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tianbao Zhao, Aiguo Dai
Summary: This study analyzes hydroclimatic changes and drought using data from 25 models in the 21st century. The results show that there will be drying in most regions, with surface soil moisture experiencing more severe and widespread drought compared to total soil moisture. Overall, there will be an increase in drought frequency and duration in the coming decades, primarily due to decreased precipitation and increased evapotranspiration. There are large uncertainties in drought projections due to variations in model outputs.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Warren L. Wagner, Jun Wen
Summary: This special issue is a tribute to Dr. Vicki Ann Funk, a renowned botanist who passed away in October 2019 after battling cancer. She had a significant impact on collections-based systematics and biogeography, especially in the field of phylogenetic systematics in botany. Vicki was highly respected for her contributions to phylogenetic methods, systematics, biogeography, and biodiversity conservation, and she was known for her enthusiasm and passion in her profession. She also mentored the next generation of botanists in her distinguished career.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Nathaniel J. Hall, Angie M. Johnston, Emily E. Bray, Cynthia M. Otto, Evan L. MacLean, Monique A. R. Udell
Summary: Dogs are trained for various working roles, with training practices passed down from trainer to trainer. Advances in psychology have improved our understanding of animal behavior, but have had limited impact on working dog training. The aim is to combine advancements from scientists and practitioners for better, more targeted research for working dogs.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Xi Gu, Yoram Koren
Summary: The forthcoming paradigm of Mass-Individualisation combines the low-cost advantage of Mass-Production with the buyer's individual need for specific products. Buyers initiate the product and its features, and manufacturers build it at low cost in local factories with rapid communication. This paradigm requires innovation in product development, manufacturing system design, system operations, and business strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Economics
Kris james Mitchener, Christoph Trebesch
Summary: This article reviews the academic response to the eurozone debt crisis, placing the lessons learned in historical context and emphasizing the continued relevance of debt issues in the future.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Firdos Khan, Shaukat Ali, Hamd Ullah, Sher Muhammad
Summary: Study region: The study area is Pakistan, which is divided into five homogeneous climatic zones. Study focus: The study uses an integrated five-step approach to analyze zonal climate extremes. Thirteen Global Climate Models (GCMs) were evaluated, and seven were selected for further analysis. Outputs of the selected GCMs were downscaled and used to project climate extremes for baseline and future time periods. New hydrological insights for the region: The study finds heterogeneous trends in precipitation extremes under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, with increasing trends noted in the northern region, monsoon region, and south-west parts of Pakistan. Temperature extremes have significantly increased across the country, except for cool nights and cool days. Warm nights and warm days have increasing trends under both scenarios. The number of summer days is projected to increase in the future.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES
(2023)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Marcia K. McNutt
Summary: Geoscientists have been successful in predicting societal challenges but less successful in devising solutions. They need to collaborate with engineers, biologists, social scientists, and other researchers to address problems in fields such as climate change mitigation, environmental health, and sustainability science. A cultural change is needed in education, rewards, and funding to apply convergence science effectively.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
L. J. Larocca, M. Twining-Ward, Y. Axford, A. D. Schweinsberg, S. H. Larsen, A. Westergaard-Nielsen, G. Luetzenburg, J. P. Briner, K. K. Kjeldsen, A. A. Bjork
Summary: The study reveals that the retreat rate of Greenland's peripheral glaciers over the last two decades is double that of the twentieth century, indicating a widespread transition into a new, accelerated state of downwasting.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)