Review of diesel production from renewable resources: Catalysis, process kinetics and technologies

The biomass is a renewable source of energy. Diesel can be synthesized from biomass using different production methods. Diesel from bio-resources is divided to FAME and renewable biodiesel. FAME biodiesel is produced from the transesterification of vegetable oils and fats. Renewable diesel is produced by hydro-deoxygenation of vegetable and waste oils and fats. While FAME biodiesel can be mixed with petro-diesel. Renewable diesel is a diesel like bio-substitute which can be used instead of petro-diesel. Throughout this article, catalysts used for producing FAME and renewable biodiesel are presented. The different technologies and production methods employed for FAME and renewable biodiesel synthesizing are discussed. Finally, the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of FAME and renewable biodiesel formation reactions are shown. (C) 2019 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University.