Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sonali Rout, Abhilash, Pratima Meshram, Patrick Zhang
Summary: In general, phosphatic rocks contain around 0.05 wt% rare earth elements (REEs) and have a global commercial output of 250 million tons per year. This review discusses the geological characteristics of phosphatic rocks, their availability, and the conversion methods to phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Hermassi, M. Granados, C. Valderrama, C. Ayora, J. L. Cortina
Summary: The study successfully developed a three-stage process to selectively separate and concentrate rare earth elements from other metals, producing a product rich in rare earth elements.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yuhe Zhou, Guocan Zheng, Youqin Long, Zuohua Liu, Changyuan Tao, Renlong Liu
Summary: In this study, advanced oxidation processes were used to remove organic matters from phosphate rock and enhance the acidolysis reaction. The optimum reaction conditions resulted in a high leaching efficiency of 88.4% and a significant decrease of 79.9% in total organic carbon content. This demonstrates the advantages of AOP systems in efficient phosphorus leaching and environmental impact.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yilin Zhang, Jiajun Yan, Jiang Xu, Chong Tian, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Robert D. Tilton, Gregory Lowry
Summary: A phosphate polymer nanogel (PPN) was developed for selectively recovering REEs from low REE content waste streams. The PPN exhibited high REE sorption capacity and selectivity, as well as good durability in real waste streams. This material shows potential for recovering REEs from a broad range of secondary REE stocks.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Moussa Bouray, Jim Moir, Khalil El Mejahed, Redouane Choukr-Allah, Mohamed El Gharous
Summary: This research aimed to investigate the dissolution changes of two Moroccan sedimentary phosphate rocks (PRs) under different rates of phosphogypsum (PG) addition, and evaluate their effects on acidic soils. The results showed that the addition of phosphogypsum can increase the available phosphorus content in the soil, but has no significant effect on the dissolution rate of phosphate rocks. These findings are of great significance for phosphate application in acidic soils.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Si-Bei Lu, Warmadewanthi, Jhy-Chern Liu
Summary: This study examined the leaching of rare earth elements (REEs) from phosphogypsum (PG) using subcritical water extraction. Under experimental conditions of 0.1 mol/L HCl, 10 g/L PG, 100 degrees C, 10 kg/cm2, and 5 min, complete leaching of REEs (Y, La, Ce, Nd) was achieved. Subcritical water extraction proved to be an efficient and environmentally friendly technology for the recovery of REEs from PG.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiang Cai, Jun Jiang, Bing Ma, Zhiyuan Shao, Yueyang Hu, Binbin Qian, Luming Wang
Summary: The use of oxalic acid can effectively remove phosphate impurities from phosphogypsum, allowing it to be used for cement production with good final strength properties. The treatment with oxalic acid not only reduces environmental pollution from phosphogypsum, but also offers a sustainable method for its utilization.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Korany A. Korany, A. M. Masoud, O. E. Rushdy, Z. A. Alrowaili, F. H. Hassanein, M. H. Taha
Summary: The concentrations of U-238, Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 in phosphate rock and its products (phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum) were measured, showing that Ra contributes more than 90% of potential radiation hazards in the rock and phosphogypsum samples. The redistribution of radionuclides during production process results in different radiation hazards for each product, with phosphate rock and phosphogypsum exceeding world limit while phosphoric acid within permissible limits.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Priyanka Suresh, Amy C. Che, Ming Yu, Kevin E. Pataroque, Dylan K. Kulbacki, Christine E. Duval
Summary: Phosphate ligands are widely used in separation materials to sequester heavy metals, and this study characterizes the affinity, capacity, and kinetics of membranes functionalized with phosphate containing copolymers for La3+. The impact of nonion complexing comonomers on the adsorption performance was investigated, and the results show that non-H bonding spacer can significantly increase the affinity but have different effects on the capacity.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Priyanka Suresh, Amy C. Che, Ming Yu, Kevin E. Pataroque, Dylan K. Kulbacki, Christine E. Duval
Summary: This work characterizes the affinity, capacity, and kinetics of membranes functionalized with phosphate-containing copolymers for La3+. The study reveals the impact of nonion complexing comonomers on the adsorption performance and pH-dependent affinity. The findings suggest the potential use of comonomers to tailor adsorbent performance.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gyan Prameswara, Iga Trisnawati, Panut Mulyono, Agus Prasetya, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus
Summary: The research aims to determine the effects of operating conditions on the leaching process of rare earth metals, and the results show that higher extraction rates can be achieved under certain specified conditions.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Da Tian, Xiaohui Cheng, Liyan Wang, Jun Hu, Ningning Zhou, Jingjing Xia, Meiyue Xu, Liangliang Zhang, Hongjian Gao, Xinxin Ye, Chaochun Zhang
Summary: This study explores the combined application of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and different types of phosphate in water to remediate lead (Pb) pollution. The addition of phosphate effectively promotes the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, contributing to Pb immobilization. Among the phosphates tested, phosphogypsum (PG) shows the highest efficiency for Pb removal.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Michal Drzazga, Arkadiusz Palmowski, Grzegorz Benke, Mateusz Ciszewski, Katarzyna Leszczynska-Sejda
Summary: The study successfully extracted germanium and indium from a sulphate solution with high selectivity using solvent extraction methods.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kamal Benali, Said Kounbach, Rachid Boulif, Rachid Benhida, Khaoula Khaless
Summary: The development of a novel rapid digestion protocol based on ultrasonic-assisted acid digestion for the determination of iodine in phosphate rock and phosphogypsum samples is described. This method addresses the iodine volatilisation and sample losses problem encountered while using classical digestions, and is fast, accurate, and suitable for the monitoring of iodine in the phosphate industries. The method validation includes defining the detection and quantification limit of iodine, optimizing UAD parameters using experiments design methodology, and assessing the accuracy by analyzing a certified reference material.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jean-Luc Mukaba, Chuks Paul Eze, Omoniyi Pereao, Leslie Felicia Petrik
Summary: The demand for rare earth elements in high tech electrical and electronic materials is crucial, but the natural deposits are limited globally, prompting the search for alternative resources. Utilizing hydrometallurgical processes to extract REEs from scrap and waste materials is sustainable and feasible, offering low energy consumption, minimal waste generation, and environmentally friendly benefits. The concentration of REEs in industrial waste such as phosphogypsum is low, making the recovery process challenging, but methods like recrystallization show promising advantages for achieving high REE recovery.