Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yinglei Zhang, Chunyan Hu, Cong Niu, Jiaxu Hong, Xujiao Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the effect of asiatic acid (AA) on the quantity and function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in chronic glaucoma rat models and how AA regulates synaptic pathways. The rat model was created by electrocoagulation of the episcleral veins. AA reduced the loss of RGCs caused by chronic glaucoma, decreased excitatory neurotransmission to RGCs, and increased inhibitory neurotransmission.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sebastian Loyola, Tycho M. Hoogland, Hugo Hoedemaker, Vincenzo Romano, Mario Negrello, Chris I. De Zeeuw
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between inhibitory and excitatory inputs to inferior olive neurons, finding that the timing between these inputs determines the output pattern of the neurons. Activating the excitatory input shortly after the inhibitory input leads to unstable phase of intrinsic oscillations and minimal output, while activating the excitatory input one cycle after the inhibitory input optimally drives spiking activity. A large-scale network model simulation highlights the extent to which synaptic interactions generate oscillatory patterns in the inferior olive.
Article
Cell Biology
Andreas Ritzau-Jost, Timur Tsintsadze, Martin Krueger, Jonas Ader, Ingo Bechmann, Jens Eilers, Boris Barbour, Stephen M. Smith, Stefan Hallermann
Summary: The study shows distinct properties and dynamics of presynaptic action potential spikes in pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex, indicating fundamental differences between excitatory and inhibitory boutons.
Article
Neurosciences
Hang-ze Ruan, Li-Qing Wang, Fei Yuan, Shi-Jun Weng, Yong-Mei Zhong
Summary: The research found that orexin-A increases presynaptic glutamate release onto GCs by activating L-type Ca2+ channels in bipolar cells via OX1R, while it decreases presynaptic GABA release onto GCs by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels in amacrine cells via OX2R.
Article
Neurosciences
Minh-Son To, Suraj Honnuraiah, Greg J. Stuart
Summary: This study investigates the impact of voltage clamp errors on synaptic conductance estimates during concurrent excitation and inhibition onto dendrites. The results show that dendritically located conductances are consistently underestimated, especially inhibitory conductances. The study also reveals correlations and distortions in the estimated conductance time course.
Article
Neurosciences
In-Sun Choi, Jin-Hwa Cho, Michiko Nakamura, Il-Sung Jang
Summary: Menthol, acting as an agonist for TRPM8, has complex effects on nociceptive transmission, including increasing sEPSC frequency and sIPSC frequency. The increase in sEPSC frequency is mediated by TRPM8 and not TRPA1, involving Ca2+ permeable TRPM8 on primary afferent terminals.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Keke Ren, Haiying Liu, Baolin Guo, Rui Li, Honghui Mao, Qian Xue, Han Yao, Shengxi Wu, Zhantao Bai, Wenting Wang
Summary: The study reveals that quercetin modulates neuronal activity by inhibiting TREK-1 channels, leading to neuroprotective and anti-manic effects. This action is achieved by reducing membrane resistance to increase the excitability threshold of neuronal firing.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ji-Jie Pang, Fan Gao, Samuel M. Wu
Summary: The study examined signal transmission at the glutamatergic synapse between rod photoreceptors and their postsynaptic hyperpolarizing bipolar cells, finding that scotopic light can induce graded potentials in rods and the depolarizing phase associated with light offset can trigger action potentials lasting 241.8 ms.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuditta Gambino, Daniele Gallo, Ana Covelo, Giuseppe Ferraro, Pierangelo Sardo, Giuseppe Giglia
Summary: This study investigated the involvement of TRPV1 in nitric oxide-mediated influence on hippocampal processes. The findings suggest that TRPV1 channels can be activated to modulate excitatory neurotransmission in the hippocampus, and this effect is linked to nitric oxide production.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Irina Ignatova, Roman Frolov, Soile Nymark
Summary: Recent studies have found voltage-activated Na+ channels in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which are important for the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments and maintaining retinal homeostasis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guang-ying Li, Qiu-zi Wu, Tian-jia Song, Xue-chu Zhen, Xiang Yu
Summary: Normal brain function relies on the complex neural network, which is formed and maintained through synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Deficiency in growth hormone can lead to brain development abnormalities and impair learning and memory, while growth hormone replacement therapy has been shown to ameliorate cognitive deficits. However, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ciriaco Corral-Domenge, Pedro de la Villa, Alicia Mansilla, Francisco Germain
Summary: The retina, as part of the central nervous system, is crucial for understanding the health and functioning of both the retina itself and the entire central nervous system. The neurons known as ganglion cells are responsible for processing and transmitting light information, and the degeneration of these cells can lead to irreversible blindness or impaired vision. Research into the subtypes of these ganglion cells and the identification of cell death pathways is essential for understanding degenerative processes and developing prevention strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mean-Hwan Kim, Cristina Radaelli, Elliot R. Thomsen, Deja Monet, Thomas Chartrand, Nikolas L. Jorstad, Joseph T. Mahoney, Michael J. Taormina, Brian Long, Katherine Baker, Trygve E. Bakken, Luke Campagnola, Tamara Casper, Michael Clark, Nick Dee, Florence D'Orazi, Clare Gamlin, Brian E. Kalmbach, Sara Kebede, Brian R. Lee, Lindsay Ng, Jessica Trinh, Charles Cobbs, Ryder P. Gwinn, C. Dirk Keene, Andrew L. Ko, Jeffrey G. Ojemann, Daniel L. Silbergeld, Staci A. Sorensen, Jim Berg, Kimberly A. Smith, Philip R. Nicovich, Tim Jarsky, Hongkui Zeng, Jonathan T. Ting, Boaz P. Levi, Ed Lein
Summary: The study investigates synaptic properties between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the human cortex, finding that the short-term plasticity of synaptic connections depends on the molecular identity of inhibitory neurons. This indicates the existence of target cell-specific synaptic properties and suggests evolutionary conservation of connectivity principles.
Article
Biology
Mean-Hwan Kim, Cristina Radaelli, Elliot R. Thomsen, Deja Monet, Thomas Chartrand, Nikolas L. Jorstad, Joseph T. Mahoney, Michael J. Taormina, Brian Long, Katherine Baker, Trygve E. Bakken, Luke Campagnola, Tamara Casper, Michael Clark, Nick Dee, Florence D'Orazi, Clare Gamlin, Brian E. Kalmbach, Sara Kebede, Brian R. Lee, Lindsay Ng, Jessica Trinh, Charles Cobbs, Ryder P. Gwinn, C. Dirk Keene, Andrew L. Ko, Jeffrey G. Ojemann, Daniel L. Silbergeld, Staci A. Sorensen, Jim Berg, Kimberly A. Smith, Philip R. Nicovich, Tim Jarsky, Hongkui Zeng, Jonathan T. Ting, Boaz P. Levi, Ed Lein
Summary: This study investigates the synaptic properties between excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory PVALB- vs. SST-positive interneurons in the human cortex. The results show robust molecular differences in synapse-associated genes between these neuron types and heterogeneous synaptic dynamics in different postsynaptic cell types. The findings suggest the existence of target cell-specific synaptic properties in the human cortex, similar to rodents, indicating an evolutionary conservation of local circuit connectivity motifs from excitatory to inhibitory neurons and their synaptic dynamics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manuel Solino, Alfred Yu, Luca Della Santina, Yvonne Ou
Summary: In the nervous system, synaptic connections in parallel circuits are organized by lamina-specific compartmentalization. In the mammalian retina, degeneration of third-order neurons leads to remodeling of their local presynaptic connectivity with second-order neurons. After injury to adult retinal ganglion cells, our comprehensive analysis reveals sublamina-specific perturbations of excitatory synapses across the inner plexiform layer (IPL), indicating ordered disassembly of synapses that is specific to laminar compartments of the retina.