Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xuhui Li, Hua Fan, Hao Zi, Hankun Hu, Binghui Li, Jiao Huang, Pengcheng Luo, Xiantao Zeng
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the global and regional burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in urinary tract infections (UTI) in 2019. The results showed that globally, there were approximately 64.89 thousand deaths attributed to and 0.26 million deaths associated with bacterial AMR in UTI. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest resistance rates, including resistance to fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and third-generation cephalosporins. Tailored strategies, such as enhanced surveillance and rational use of antibiotics, should be developed for different regions based on their specific pathogen-antibiotic situations and resources.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anna Kawalec, Justyna Jozefiak, Katarzyna Kilis-Pstrusinska
Summary: This study analyzed urine culture results and antimicrobial patterns in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs) over the past 5 years. The most common causative agent was E. coli, followed by Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., and Enterococcus spp. Non-E. coli UTIs were more frequently observed in patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract or neurogenic bladder and those receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. The study also revealed changes in antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for frequent updating of local recommendations for managing pediatric UTIs.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Giovanni Autore, Luca Bernardi, Filippo Ghidini, Claudio La Scola, Alberto Berardi, Giacomo Biasucci, Federico Marchetti, Andrea Pasini, Maria Elena Capra, Claudia Castellini, Vera Cioni, Sante Cantatore, Andrea Cella, Francesca Cusenza, Alessandro De Fanti, Elisa Della Casa Muttini, Margherita Di Costanzo, Alessandra Dozza, Claudia Gatti, Cristina Malaventura, Luca Pierantoni, Giovanni Parente, Gabriella Pelusi, Serafina Perrone, Laura Serra, Francesco Torcetta, Enrico Valletta, Gianluca Vergine, Francesco Antodaro, Andrea Bergomi, Jennifer Chiarlolanza, Laura Leoni, Franco Mazzini, Roberto Sacchetti, Agnese Suppiej, Lorenzo Iughetti, Andrea Pession, Mario Lima, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Low-dose continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is commonly used to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children, but its efficacy is controversial. This systematic review found that CAP has a limited role in preventing UTI recurrences and complications in children, while also posing a risk of emerging antimicrobial resistances.
Article
Pediatrics
Yasmina Dejonckheere, Stefanie Desmet, Noel Knops
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the prevalence of uropathogens in hospitalized children with febrile UTIs between 2000 and 2019, and found an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli. This trend was observed not only in children with risk factors, but also in the general population, highlighting a significant problem.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tommaso Cai, Umberto Anceschi, Francesco Prata, Lucia Collini, Anna Brugnolli, Serena Migno, Michele Rizzo, Giovanni Liguori, Luca Gallelli, Florian M. E. Wagenlehner, Truls E. Bjerklund Johansen, Luca Montanari, Alessandro Palmieri, Carlo Tascini
Summary: By using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), we can predict the clinical efficacy of empiric antimicrobial treatment for women with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). This study trained the ANN on data from 1043 women and found that it had a high sensitivity (87.8%) and specificity (97.3%) in predicting the clinical efficacy of empirical therapy.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Bethany M. Gilbert, Louise O'Keefe, Natalie Baker
Summary: There is growing evidence supporting the use of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) in various healthcare settings due to their association with improved patient outcomes, reduced resistance, and better healthcare costs. However, research on this evidence in long-term care facilities is limited. This study evaluated the ASP for urinary tract infection (UTI) management in a long-term care facility. It found improvements in appropriate diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing for UTI, but could not draw conclusions on the impact on patient outcomes. The ASP was considered beneficial in the facility, highlighting the need for sustained commitment from facility leadership and healthcare providers. Nurse practitioners have the necessary skills to support facilities in educating and implementing systematic programs for judicious antibiotic prescribing.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci, Andrea Pasini, Barbara Predieri, Gianluca Vergine, Antonella Crisafi, Cristina Malaventura, Luca Casadio, Marcello Sella, Luca Pierantoni, Claudia Gatti, Letizia Paglialonga, Chiara Sodini, Claudio La Scola, Luca Bernardi, Giovanni Autore, Giulia Dal Canto, Alberto Argentiero, Sante Cantatore, Martina Ceccoli, Alessandro De Fanti, Agnese Suppiej, Marcello Lanari, Nicola Principi, Andrea Pession, Lorenzo Iughetti
Summary: Febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and serious bacterial illness in children. Early effective antibiotic treatment is essential, but antibiotic resistance is increasing, making it more difficult to choose the best therapy. Efforts to reduce and rationalize antibiotic consumption, as well as antibiotic stewardship, are important in limiting the emergence of resistance.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katarzyna Werbel, Dorota Jankowska, Anna Wasilewska, Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz
Summary: The study analyzed the increasing resistance of bacteria in children with UTI over the years, identified parameters related to antibiotic sensitivity using the CART method, and provided guidance for antibiotic therapy to inhibit increasing antibiotic resistance.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
David Baunoch, Natalie Luke, Dakun Wang, Annah Vollstedt, Xinhua Zhao, Dicken S. C. Ko, Shuguang Huang, Patrick Cacdac, Larry T. Sirls
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the concordance between antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic susceptibility results in urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections. The overall concordance rate between the presence of ABR genes and antimicrobial susceptibility was 60%, with variations across different antibiotics. However, certain antibiotics showed significantly lower concordance rates in polymicrobial infections.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria Angeles Ormeno, Maria Jose Ormeno, Antonio M. Quispe, Miguel Angel Arias-Linares, Elba Linares, Felix Loza, Joaquim Ruiz, Maria J. Pons
Summary: The study revealed high rates of antibiotic resistance in E. coli causing urinary tract infections, with female sex, age, and antibiotic resistance being risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infections.
MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
S. Samanci, A. S. Pinarbasi
Summary: This study aimed to identify the pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), assess their antibiotic resistance, and determine the appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment strategy. The results demonstrated a high prevalence of resistance against oral and parenteral antibiotics used in UTI treatment. This highlights the importance of rational antibiotic use.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sin Young Kim, Min Sik Jang, Jihye Kim
Summary: The association between third-generation cephalosporin resistance and UTI recurrence in pediatric patients who underwent VCUG was investigated in this study. The findings suggest that third-generation cephalosporin resistance is a significant risk factor for early recurrence of UTI in these patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mohamed Kettani Halabi, Fatima Azzahra Lahlou, Idrissa Diawara, Younes El Adouzi, Rabiaa Marnaoui, Rachid Benmessaoud, Imane Smyej
Summary: ESBL-EC infections pose challenges due to limited treatment options, increased hospital costs, reduced microbiological and clinical responses, and a threat to patient's life. Majority of ESBL-EC isolates were from female adult patients over 50, resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones, but sensitive to carbapenems and fosfomycin.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jie Gu, Ping Song, Xiong Chen, Zhiming Yang, Xiaobo Zhang, Yao Bai
Summary: This study compared the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogens in older and younger patients with urinary stones. The results showed that the main pathogens in the older group with urinary tract infection were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while in the younger group, they were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. In addition, the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecium was significantly higher in the older group. The proportion of males was higher in the older group. For antibiotic susceptibility, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed high sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, and amikacin, but high resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium showed high sensitivity to gentamicin and vancomycin. Uropathogens isolated from younger patients were more susceptible to antimicrobials than those from older patients.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ildiko Gagyor, Eva Hummers, Guido Schmiemann, Tim Friede, Sebastian Pfeiffer, Kambiz Afshar, Jutta Bleidorn
Summary: In this study, initial treatment with the herbal drug uva ursi (UU) reduced antibiotic use for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in women, but led to a higher symptom burden and more safety concerns compared with antibiotic treatment.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Daniel M. Webber, Meghan A. Wallace, Carey-Ann D. Burnham
Summary: By reducing the incubation time for disk diffusion testing from 24 hours to 6 hours, the turnaround time for antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be significantly improved without additional costs or equipment requirements.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Robert Thanert, Sanjam S. Sawhney, Drew J. Schwartz, Gautam Dantas
Summary: Intestinal host-microbiota interactions are crucial for infant development. Antibiotic exposures during infancy disrupt gut microbiota maturation, increase the abundance of resistant bacteria, and enrich the resistome within the gut microbiota. This review discusses the impacts of antibiotic exposure on pediatric health, the gut microbiome, and the resistome, highlighting unresolved questions regarding antibiotic resistance acquisition and dissemination.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Stephanie A. Fritz, Todd N. Wylie, Haley Gula, Patrick G. Hogan, Mary G. Boyle, Carol E. Muenks, Melanie L. Sullivan, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Kristine M. Wylie
Summary: Decolonization with topical antimicrobials disrupts bacterial communities on the skin, with effects differing between younger and older subjects. The disruption can persist for up to a year post-intervention.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Luke Diorio-Toth, Sidra Irum, Robert F. Potter, Meghan A. Wallace, Muhammad Arslan, Tehmina Munir, Saadia Andleeb, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Gautam Dantas
Summary: This study used whole-genome sequencing to determine the genotypic mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from three hospitals in Pakistan. The study found that carbapenem resistance was associated with the acquisition of metallo-beta-lactamases or extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and mutations in the porin gene. Furthermore, isolates with multiple resistance mechanisms showed significantly higher levels of imipenem resistance compared to isolates with a single resistance mechanism.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Eric M. Ransom, Sanjam S. Sawhney, Gautam Dantas, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Skye R. S. Fishbein
Summary: This study reports the draft genome sequence of an unusual Mycobacterium isolate recovered from a patient's arm tissue. The draft genome is 4,025,753-bp in length with a GC content of 71.02%, and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the closest relative to be Mycobacterium grossiae.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Sophonie Jean, Miranda J. Wallace, Gautam Dantas, Carey-Ann D. Burnham
Summary: Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) species are common members of the human microbiota, providing benefits to hosts but also causing infections. BFG bacteria are often resistant to commonly used antimicrobials, making treatment challenging. Whole-genome sequencing supports recent proposals for taxonomic reclassifications within the BFG. Species-level reporting and susceptibility testing are important for effective treatment of BFG infections.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Eric M. Ransom, Carey-Ann D. Burnham
Summary: The study shows that including anaerobic bottles in blood cultures can increase the detection rate of bacteria, especially for obligate anaerobes. Additionally, anaerobic bottles are advantageous for some facultative anaerobes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Bejan Mahmud, Meghan A. Wallace, Kimberly A. Reske, Kelly Alvarado, Carol E. Muenks, David A. Rasmussen, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Cristina Lanzas, Erik R. Dubberke, Gautam Dantas
Summary: ESBL-producing Escherichia coli is becoming increasingly prevalent, driven by the spread of ESBL-encoding plasmids. This study provides an in-depth genomic investigation of clinical ESBL-like E. coli isolates, revealing a comprehensive map of plasmid sharing across different boundaries. Through sequence-based network analysis, specific plasmid lineages responsible for disseminating major ESBLs have been identified. This work highlights the importance of plasmid-mediated spread in the dissemination of ESBLs and provides valuable insight into the factors underlying the increased prevalence of these genes in clinical settings.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manish Boolchandani, Kevin S. Blake, Drake H. Tilley, Miguel M. Cabada, Drew J. Schwartz, Sanket Patel, Maria Luisa Morales, Rina Meza, Giselle Soto, Sandra D. Isidean, Chad K. Porter, Mark P. Simons, Gautam Dantas
Summary: International travel contributes to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance, and travelers' diarrhea increases the risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms. This study found that diarrhea disrupts the stability of gut microbiome and leads to an increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes. The study also identified bacterial taxa that differ between diarrhea and non-diarrhea samples.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Nicole E. Putnam, Jung-Ho Youn, Meghan A. Wallace, Paul M. Luethy, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Susan Butler-Wu, John P. Dekker, Anna F. Lau
Summary: The Streptococcus bovis group consists of seven species and subspecies, and definitive identification is important due to their association with various diseases. However, currently used identification platforms have limitations and inconsistencies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Drew J. Schwartz, Nitan Shalon, Kate Wardenburg, Anna DeVeaux, Meghan A. Wallace, Carla Hall-Moore, I. Malick Ndao, Janice E. Sullivan, Paula Radmacher, Marilyn Escobedo, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Barbara B. Warner, Phillip I. Tarr, Gautam Dantas
Summary: BSI in preterm infants is commonly transmitted through the gut microbiome and is associated with antibiotic exposure. Ampicillin, gentamicin, or vancomycin can increase the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae in the gut of preterm infants. This study suggests that the microbial composition of the gut can be utilized to predict the risk of BSI in hospitalized preterm infants.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Nicole J. Tarlton, Meghan A. Wallace, Robert F. Potter, Kailun Zhang, Gautam Dantas, Erik R. Dubberke, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Melanie L. Yarbrough
Summary: In this study, a Morganella morganii isolate MMOR1 was found to be susceptible to third/ fourth-generation cephalosporins and intermediate to meropenem, but positive for NDM and IMP carbapenemases by NG-Test CARBA 5. Further investigation revealed the presence of blaIMP-27, which caused a false-positive NDM result in NG-Test CARBA 5, suggesting the limited stability of this assay in detecting IMP-27.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Miguel A. Chavez, Satish Munigala, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Melanie L. Yarbrough, Crystal Squires, Josephine Fox, Heather Gasama, Kevin Hsueh, David K. Warren
Summary: This study implemented two interventions, kits for sample collection improvement and an electronic order alert for appropriate indications of fungal blood cultures, to enhance utilization and contamination control at the institution. The results showed that the electronic order alert was associated with decreased utilization of fungal blood cultures without a decrease in positivity rate.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Luke Diorio-Toth, Meghan A. A. Wallace, Christopher W. W. Farnsworth, Bin Wang, Danish Gul, Jennie H. H. Kwon, Saadia Andleeb, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Gautam Dantas
Summary: This study tracks the long-term colonization patterns of intensive care unit (ICU) sinks and water from two hospitals in the USA and Pakistan using whole-genome sequencing. The analysis of 822 bacterial genomes reveals long-term contamination by opportunistic pathogens and transient appearance of other common pathogens. Bacteria recovered from the ICU have more antibiotic resistance genes in their genomes compared to matched community spaces.
Article
Microbiology
Kevin S. Blake, Drew J. Schwartz, Srinand Paruthiyil, Bin Wang, Jie Ning, Sandra D. Isidean, Daniel S. Burns, Harris Whiteson, Tahaniyat Lalani, Jamie A. Fraser, Patrick Connor, Tom Troth, Chad K. Porter, David R. Tribble, Mark S. Riddle, Ramiro L. Gutierrez, Mark P. Simons, Gautam Dantas
Summary: This study found that antibiotics used for treatment or prophylaxis of travelers’ diarrhea have minimal impact on the gut microbiome and carriage of antibiotic resistance genes.