Additive inhibitory effects of simvastatin and enzalutamide on androgen-sensitive LNCaP and VCaP prostate cancer cells

We evaluated the effects of simvastatin and antiandrogen enzalutamide on growth and androgen signaling in androgen-sensitive LNCaP and VCaP prostate cancer cells. Simvastatin alone abolished androgen-induced growth in both cell lines but decreased androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen protein expression only in LNCaP, indicating that statin-induced growth inhibition is beyond AR transcriptional activity in VCaP. Combination of simvastatin and enzalutamide exerted additive growth inhibition in both cell lines accompanied with strong induction of autophagy in LNCaP. The data provide new insight into statins' effects on androgen signaling and their proposed role in enhancing androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.