Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Jingwei Cao, Qiong Zhang, Qiyuan Yang, Yue Yu, Mingmei Meng, Jing Zou
Summary: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes bone loss in the alveolar region. The differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) into osteoblasts can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. This review discusses the role of various epigenetic factors in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and explores the potential therapeutic applications in periodontitis. Studies on epigenetic regulation and PDLSCs were retrieved from databases, showing that epigenetic factors such as DNMT, KDM6A, HDACi, miRNAs, and lncRNAs can induce osteogenic differentiation in a noninflammatory microenvironment. However, in an inflammatory environment, DNA methylation of osteogenesis-related genes and changes in histone modification and noncoding RNA inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. The use of epigenetic drugs to regulate abnormal epigenetic status in periodontitis and promote alveolar bone regeneration shows promise.
Article
Cell Biology
Kaho Takada, Tomoki Chiba, Takayuki Miyazaki, Lisa Yagasaki, Ryo Nakamichi, Takanori Iwata, Keiji Moriyama, Hiroyuki Harada, Hiroshi Asahara
Summary: This study revealed the important role of Mkx in regulating specific cell populations and gene expression in the periodontal ligament (PDL).
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongxi Liang, Ajay Shakya, Xiaohua Liu
Summary: This study designed and fabricated a bioinspired tubular 3D matrix to guide the migration and growth of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and form aligned fiber bundles. The tubular matrix controlled cell migration and alignment through inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. Mechanism study revealed involvement of the Yap1/Twist1 signaling pathway.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Lay Thant, Masaru Kaku, Yoshito Kakihara, Masaru Mizukoshi, Megumi Kitami, Moe Arai, Kohei Kitami, Daiki Kobayashi, Yutaka Yoshida, Takeyasu Maeda, Isao Saito, Katsumi Uoshima, Makio Saeki
Summary: The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a specialized tissue that supports the tooth and is crucial for oral functions. This study investigated the tissue characteristics and protein composition of mouse molar PDL using advanced techniques. It revealed the impact of mechanical loading on PDL and identified potential regulatory networks.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Shuying Yang, Sergey V. Plotnikov
Summary: Cells in the human body respond to environmental cues, and tissue mechanics play a key role in disease development. During inflammation, tissue stiffness is upregulated, promoting immune cell response and fibrotic phenotype formation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Karol Sevcik, Viera Karaffova, Marian Hluchy, Marieta Sevcikova, Zuzana Sevcikova, Valent Ledecky
Summary: This study evaluated the possible relationship between inflammatory markers in the synovial fluid and peripheral blood of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture, and found a possible association with both local and systemic inflammation processes during osteoarthritis progression.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rui Wang, Li Liao, Xiaojun Huang, Shixing Ma, Shuang Wang, Hu Qiao, Hong Zhou, Jing Zou, Xiaoxia Su
Summary: Mechanical stimulation can enhance the osteogenic properties of exosomes secreted by PDLSCs through the upregulation of miR-200b/c. These miRNAs target Smurf1 to activate the BMP-Smad signaling pathway and promote osteogenic differentiation of mandibular BMSCs. Functionalized exosomes containing miR-200b/c can effectively promote the repair of alveolar bone defects in a rat model, providing a novel therapeutic approach for inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Risa Sugiura, Sayuri Hamano, Atsushi Tomokiyo, Daigaku Hasegawa, Shinichiro Yoshida, Hideki Sugii, Shoko Fujino, Orie Adachi, Masataka Kadowaki, Daiki Yamashita, Hidefumi Maeda
Summary: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play important roles in maintaining, repairing, and regenerating periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue. This study identified the transcription factor PAX9 as a regulator of ECM production in human PDL cells, which plays a crucial role in the differentiation of iNCs into iPDLSCs.
Review
Oncology
Fang Wang, Greg Malnassy, Wei Qiu
Summary: This article summarizes the current understanding of epigenetic regulation in the HCC microenvironment and reviews recent studies on the role of specific epigenetic mechanisms in HCC development.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masaki Kinoshita, Satoru Yamada, Junichi Sasaki, Shigeki Suzuki, Tetsuhiro Kajikawa, Tomoaki Iwayama, Chiharu Fujihara, Satoshi Imazato, Shinya Murakami
Summary: PLAP-1 plays a crucial role in the periodontal ligament by inhibiting inflammatory responses and maintaining periodontal tissue homeostasis. Knockout of PLAP-1 leads to changes in periodontal ligament structures and accelerated bone loss in periodontitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bartosz Pilecki, Paulo V. S. D. de Carvalho, Katrine L. Kirketerp-Moller, Anders Schlosser, Karin Kejling, Magdalena Dubik, Nicklas P. Madsen, Jane Stubbe, Pernille B. L. Hansen, Thomas L. Andersen, Jesper B. Moeller, Niels Marcussen, Vasco Azevedo, Svend Hvidsten, Christina Baun, Guo-Ping Shi, Jes S. Lindholt, Grith L. Sorensen
Summary: MFAP4 plays a crucial role in promoting the development of AAA by inducing macrophage-rich inflammation and MMP activity within the vessel wall. Its deficiency leads to reduced AAA incidence and ameliorates pathological changes in AAA, implicating regulation of monocyte influx and MMP production as key mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Krzysztof Data, Magdalena Kulus, Hanna Ziemak, Mikolaj Chwarzynski, Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty, Dorota Bukowska, Pawel Antosik, Paul Mozdziak, Bartosz Kempisty
Summary: Healing of dense regular connective tissue often requires surgical implantation or reconstruction with high risk of reinjury. Decellularization provides an alternative method for tissue regeneration using bioscaffolds that retain the tissue-specific molecular structure. However, there is no standardized protocol for cell extraction in dense regular connective tissue, and modifications to the bioscaffold are necessary to improve therapeutic results. Understanding the key aspects of bioscaffolds is crucial for their potential use in tissue regeneration.
Article
Oncology
Gesa M. Richter, Jochen Kruppa, H. Gencay Keceli, Emel Tugba Ataman-Duruel, Christian Graetz, Nicole Pischon, Gunar Wagner, Carsten Rendenbach, Yvonne Jockel-Schneider, Orlando Martins, Corinna Bruckmann, Ingmar Staufenbiel, Andre Franke, Rahime M. Nohutcu, Soren Jepsen, Henrik Dommisch, Arne S. Schaefer
Summary: This study identified significant differences in gene methylation levels between inflamed and uninflamed oral mucosa in periodontitis patients, indicating specific adaptations of the mucosa to persistent inflammatory environments involving wound repair, barrier integrity, and innate immune defense.
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Finn E. von Eyben, Karsten Kristiansen, Daniel S. Kapp, Rong Hu, Ovidiu Preda, Francisco F. Nogales
Summary: This review summarizes the literature on the gene expression and epigenetic regulation of germ cell tumors of the testis type II (TGCT). The seminoma subtype of TGCT expresses a panel of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) with four upregulated genes, while the embryonal carcinoma (EC) subtype has a different set of four upregulated genes. The epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, regulate the expression of these driver genes and contribute to the clinical characteristics of TGCT.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
David Baidoe-Ansah, Sadman Sakib, Shaobo Jia, Hadi Mirzapourdelavar, Luisa Strackeljan, Andre Fischer, Stepan Aleshin, Rahul Kaushik, Alexander Dityatev
Summary: Understanding the changes in ECM-related gene expression during aging and their impact on synaptic and cognitive functions provides valuable insights. This study found that ECM gene expression is downregulated in the hippocampus of aged mice, despite the accumulation of ECM proteoglycans. A key downregulated gene is Chst3, and its decreased expression is associated with reduced H3K4me3 methylation. The changes in ECM-related genes are accompanied by age-related cognitive decline, and there are differential effects of these genes on different cognitive tasks.