Lychee Fruit Detection Based on Monocular Machine Vision in Orchard Environment

Due to the change of illumination environment and overlapping conditions caused by the neighboring fruits and other background objects, the simple application of the traditional machine vision method limits the detection accuracy of lychee fruits in natural orchard environments. Therefore, this research presented a detection method based on monocular machine vision to detect lychee fruits growing in overlapped conditions. Specifically, a combination of contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), red/blue chromatic mapping, Otsu thresholding and morphology operations were adopted to segment the foreground regions of the lychees. A stepwise method was proposed for extracting individual lychee fruit from the lychee foreground region. The first step in this process was based on the relative position relation of the Hough circle and an equivalent area circle (equal to the area of the potential lychee foreground region) and was designed to distinguish lychee fruits growing in isolated or overlapped states. Then, a process based on the three-point definite circle theorem was performed to extract individual lychee fruits from the foreground regions of overlapped lychee fruit clusters. Finally, to enhance the robustness of the detection method, a local binary pattern support vector machine (LBP-SVM) was adopted to filter out the false positive detections generated by background chaff interferences. The performance of the presented method was evaluated using 485 images captured in a natural lychee orchard in Conghua (Area), Guangzhou. The detection results showed that the recall rate was 86.66%, the precision rate was greater than 87% and the F-1-score was 87.07%.