Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Seong-Kyu Kim, Jung-Yoon Choe, Ji-Won Kim, Ki-Yeun Park
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of statins on monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating PPAR-gamma. The expression of PPAR-gamma, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1 beta in THP-1 cells treated with statins and stimulated with MSU crystals was assessed. Treatment with statins reversed the changes in gene and protein expression caused by MSU crystal stimulation. The study demonstrated the involvement of PPAR-gamma in suppressing MSU-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inhibitory effect of statins on this activation through the regulation of PPAR-gamma activity and ROS generation.
Article
Immunology
Li Huang, Zewei Ma, Xiaolei Ze, Xinrui Zhao, Meilin Zhang, Xia Lv, Yunqin Zheng, Huan Liu
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and NLRP3 inflammasome induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and its potential mechanism. Fecal transplantation experiment revealed that dysbiosis of gut microbiota was associated with the development of depression. The study found that CUMS stimulation increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory cytokines, while decreasing tight junction proteins. Furthermore, probiotic administration ameliorated the alterations in gut microbiota induced by CUMS, leading to a reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shan Zhang, Yanru You, Yachong Li, Hairui Yuan, Jie Zhou, Lijie Tian, Ying Liu, Baoli Wang, Endong Zhu
Summary: Foxk1 promotes adipocyte differentiation by facilitating nuclear translocation and upregulating the transcriptional activity of the Ppar gamma 2 promoter.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weibei Sheng, Qichang Wang, Haotian Qin, Siyang Cao, Yihao Wei, Jian Weng, Fei Yu, Hui Zeng
Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that is exacerbated by population aging, resulting in a significant economic burden. Current therapies are inadequate, but research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) shows promise in slowing OA progression. PPARs have emerged as potential targets for effective OA treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanhao Qiu, Mailin Gan, Xingyu Wang, Tianci Liao, Qiuyang Chen, Yuhang Lei, Lei Chen, Jinyong Wang, Ye Zhao, Lili Niu, Yan Wang, Shunhua Zhang, Li Zhu, Linyuan Shen
Summary: Excessive expansion of adipocytes can lead to ectopic fat deposition, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a crucial role in fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Riham M. Mansour, Nesrine S. El Sayed, Maha A. E. Ahmed, Ayman E. El-Sahar
Summary: This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of telmisartan in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that telmisartan improved motor and cognitive functioning, reduced neuronal inflammation and apoptosis, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis through PPAR gamma activation.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiao-qing Wang, Ya-hui Tang, Gui-rong Zeng, Li-feng Wu, Ying-jun Zhou, Ze-neng Cheng, De-Jian Jiang
Summary: The study evaluated the antidepressive effect of CA in stress-treated mice and investigated whether its effects are related to the regulation of the ADPN/FGF9 pathway.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Shanshan Zhang, Juntao Hu, Guixue Liu, Haoran Wu, Meihui Li, Chenye Shi, Qiong Liu, Wensheng Li
Summary: Neuroinflammation is closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. In this experiment, the role of clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, in depressive-like behavior, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS)-induced hippocampal volume changes was studied. The results suggest that the antidepressant effect of clomipramine may be related to reduced expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved IL-1 beta.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shi Fang, M. Christine Livergood, Pablo Nakagawa, Jing Wu, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate transcriptional responses, with a specific emphasis on the role of PPARγ in regulating blood pressure. Genetic and clinical trial data demonstrate the importance of PPARγ in hypertension, and the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes are detailed. The role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia is also discussed, along with future research directions and implications for novel therapies.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahesha Gangadhariah, Triveni Pardhi, Jahnavi Ravilla, Subhash Chandra, Sridevi Annapurna Singh
Summary: PPAR gamma agonists are effective in treating type 2 diabetes but have severe side effects. Lemon contains eriocitrin, which may have potential as a PPAR gamma agonist.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Meng -Meng Li, Xi Wang, Xiao-Dong Chen, Hai-Long Yang, Huai-Sha Xu, Ping Zhou, Rong Gao, Ning Zhang, Jun Wang, Lei Jiang, Na Liu
Summary: This study investigated the potential roles of autophagy-lysosome pathway in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome in depression. The results showed that CUMS-induced depressive mice exhibited increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory responses, as well as accumulation of autophagy-related markers. Disrupting lysosomal function in vitro also increased NLRP3 inflammasome accumulation and pro-inflammatory factors production. These findings suggest that autophagy is related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and dysfunctional lysosomes may contribute to depressive behavior.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroyuki Miyachi
Summary: Recent progress in understanding the structure and pharmacology of hPPAR gamma has allowed for investigation of various ligands and their effects on biological responses. These ligands serve as valuable tools for studying hPPAR gamma function and potential drugs for hPPAR gamma-related diseases. This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry research on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of hPPAR gamma antagonists based on the induction/inhibition concept of helix 12 (H12) and presents X-ray crystallographic analyses of their unique binding modes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nuno M. S. Almeida, Yigitcan Eken, Angela K. Wilson
Summary: This study investigates the impact of PFASs on PPAR gamma and their molecular interactions, identifying two binding sites on PPAR gamma and studying the influence of acidic and basic residues on binding. Furthermore, a comparison of the binding patterns of L-carnitine and PFASs provides insights into mitigation strategies for PFASs.
Article
Immunology
Jinfeng Xie, Bingtian Bi, Yunyun Qin, Wenli Dong, Jiahong Zhong, Mengfan Li, Yufang Cheng, Jiangping Xu, Haitao Wang
Summary: Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) can reduce depressive symptoms and inflammation in mice, showing potential as antidepressant drugs. The down-regulation of HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway and suppression of inflammasome may contribute to the antidepressant-like effects of PDE4 inhibitors.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lara Senn, Anna-Maria Costa, Rossella Avallone, Katarzyna Socala, Piotr Wlaz, Giuseppe Biagini
Summary: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), known for its role in metabolic disorders, has been increasingly investigated for its potential involvement in neurological diseases, particularly in epilepsy. Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder, has a significant impact on patients' psychological, social, and economic well-being. With a global prevalence of 0.5%-1.0%, epilepsy ranks fourth in importance among neurological disorders. This review focuses on recent findings regarding the intracellular processes dependent on PPAR gamma and their potential anti-seizure effects, as well as promising results from clinical investigations involving PPAR gamma agonists and the ketogenic diet in epilepsy rodent models.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)