Article
Behavioral Sciences
L. M. Cope, A. Gheidi, M. E. Martz, E. R. Duval, H. Khalil, T. Allerton, J. D. Morrow
Summary: Cue-based associative learning is a fundamental component of animal behavior and may be related to addiction liability. Previous research has shown significant individual differences in this type of learning in non-human animals. This study revealed the existence of sign-trackers, goal-trackers, and intermediate responders in humans, with impulsivity being a significant predictor of sign-tracking behavior.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ali Gheidi, Christopher J. Fitzpatrick, Jordan D. Gregory, Jonathan D. Morrow
Summary: Acetylcholinergic antagonists have shown promise in reducing addiction-related behaviors, but the psychological mechanisms behind their effects remain unclear. This study investigates the selective effects of systemic antagonism of acetylcholine receptors on behavior in rats.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kyle Duffer, Zachary S. Gillis, Sara E. Morrison
Summary: When a Pavlovian cue is presented separately from its associated reward, some animals will acquire a sign tracking response while others will acquire a goal tracking response. Previous studies have shown that excitations in the nucleus accumbens encode the vigor of these behaviors. However, the signaling of inhibitory cue responses in the nucleus accumbens during Pavlovian conditioning and their relationship with reward devaluation and dopamine release remain unknown.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cristina E. Maria-Rios, Christopher J. Fitzpatrick, Francesca N. Czesak, Jonathan D. Morrow
Summary: When a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an appetitive reward, two types of conditioned approach responses may develop: sign-tracking, directed towards the cue, and goal-tracking, directed towards the reward location. Sign-tracking is sensitive to incentive value, while goal-tracking is responsive to predictive value. Sign-tracking rats were more sensitive to manipulations of incentive value, while goal-tracking rats were more responsive to changes in cue predictive value. Sign-tracking was sensitive to outcome devaluation, while goal-tracking was not. The results suggest different rules of reinforcement learning for sign- and goal-tracking.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shaun Yon-Seng Khoo, Alexandra Uhrig, Anne-Noel Samaha, Nadia Chaudhri
Summary: The study investigated the effects of dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptor antagonism on sign-tracking and goal-tracking conditioned responses, finding that D2 receptor activity is crucial for goal-tracking but not for sign-tracking. Additionally, psychomotor sensitization induced by amphetamine did not impact incentive salience attribution.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Dong-Hee Kim, Bo-Ryoung Choi, Yong-Jae Jeon, Yoon-Sun Jang, Jung-Soo Han
Summary: Research indicates that midbrain dopamine neurons and lateral habenula neurons play crucial roles in appetitive extinction. The study found higher activity levels of LHb neurons in the paired-CS-alone group, while VTA and SNc activity was significantly higher in the paired-paired group. Additionally, lesions in the LHb decelerated the decline in conditioned food-cup responses, highlighting the crucial role of LHb in appetitive extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tomislav D. Zbozinek, Toby Wise, Omar D. Perez, Song Qi, Michael S. Fanselow, Dean Mobbs
Summary: This study investigated the effects of context and discrete stimuli on Pavlovian learning in fear and appetitive conditioning paradigms. The results showed that trait anxiety was associated with increased fear of occasion setters in fear conditioning, while trait depression was linked to decreased expectations of reward in appetitive conditioning. This suggests that clinically anxious individuals may have heightened fear responses to occasion setting compounds, while clinically depressed individuals may anticipate less reward from compounds involving negative occasion setters.
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
David A. Martin, Sara E. Keefer, Donna J. Calu
Summary: This study examines the role of discriminative stimuli (DS) in opioid seeking behavior and the impact of DS on relapse. The results show that DS strongly motivate opioid seeking even after conflict-induced abstinence, and tracking differences do not predict the level of DS-modulated reinstatement.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Allyson K. Andrade, Briana Renda, Michael Sharivker, Karlie Lambert, Jennifer E. Murray
Summary: The study found that female rats were more sensitive to the stimulus effects of morphine and exhibited significant gender differences in dose generalization testing, highlighting the need to reassess the impact of drug stimuli on associative behaviors between genders.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mandy Rita LeCocq, Sophie Sun, Nadia Chaudhri
Summary: This study examines the reinstatement of conditioned responding elicited by an appetitive conditioned stimulus (CS) through re-exposure to an unconditioned stimulus (US) and finds that the reinstatement is driven by an excitatory association formed between the US and the context in which the US was ingested.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Bozena Silic, Mayank Aggarwal, Kavinda Liyanagama, Gail Tripp, Jeffery R. Wickens
Summary: Individual differences in reward-related learning play a role in behavioral disorders. The SHR, a rat model for ADHD, shows elevated sensitivity to delay of reward. In a Pavlovian conditioned approach task, both SHR and SD rats learned to associate a lever cue with reward, but SHR showed less lever pressing and more magazine entries during cue presentation, indicating attenuated incentive value attribution.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Isabella Priestley, Justin A. Harris
Summary: Gold-standard psychological treatments are undermined by high relapse rates. The effect of the total span of time across which behaviors are learned on treatment outcomes has not been properly examined. Our experiments with rats found that the conditioning span did not significantly affect recovery, but it did influence the strength of responding during acquisition.
BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Allison M. M. Waters, Amanda McCann, Rachel Kapnias, Genevieve Dingle
Summary: Recent studies have shown that verbalisation strategies combined with non-lyrical background music can prevent relapse and positively change stimulus evaluations during extinction.
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Saba Mahmoudi, Sara Peck, Gregory J. Madden
Summary: Previous nonhuman studies have shown that increasing the intertrial interval (ITI) duration leads to increased sign-tracking to a conditioned stimulus (CS). This study aimed to examine if increasing the ITI would also increase rats' sign-tracking and the conditioned reinforcing efficacy of the CS, and found that longer ITIs did indeed increase sign-tracking and the conditioned reinforcer efficacy of the CS. The findings have implications for using conditioned reinforcement in behavioral interventions.
BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Vincent Laurent, R. Frederick Westbrook, Bernard W. Balleine
Summary: In Pavlovian conditioning, associations form between conditioned stimuli and multiple components of the unconditioned stimulus. Competitive learning situations involve competition between predictive stimuli for association with the affective system activated by the unconditioned stimulus. Control measures can change the role of conditioned stimuli and affect the formation of conditioning.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher J. Fitzpatrick, Jonathan D. Morrow
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Bryan F. Singer, Patrick Anselme, Mike J. F. Robinson, Paul Vezina
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Ali Gheidi, Lora M. Cope, Christopher J. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin N. Froehlich, Rachel Atkinson, Coltrane K. Groves, Clair N. Barcelo, Jonathan D. Morrow
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Joshua L. Haight, Paolo Campus, Cristina E. Maria-Rios, Allison M. Johnson, Marin S. Klumpner, Brittany N. Kuhn, Ignacio R. Covelo, Jonathan D. Morrow, Shelly B. Flagel
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Christopher K. Blazes, Jonathan D. Morrow
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2020)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Paul J. Fitzgerald, Savannah K. Kounelis-Wuillaume, Ali Gheidi, Jonathan D. Morrow, Joanna L. Spencer-Segal, Brendon O. Watson
Summary: This study demonstrated that ketamine has different effects on male and female C57BL/6J mice, with males showing increased exploration behavior and females showing a trend towards reduced immobility. These effects were amplified in animals previously exposed to chronic stress.
STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alexander F. Gileta, Christopher J. Fitzpatrick, Apurva S. Chitre, Celine L. St Pierre, Elizabeth V. Joyce, Rachael J. Maguire, Africa M. McLeod, Natalia M. Gonzales, April E. Williams, Jonathan D. Morrow, Terry E. Robinson, Shelly B. Flagel, Abraham A. Palmer
Summary: This study genotyped over 4,000 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and found extensive genetic diversity between rats obtained from different commercial vendors. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified significant loci associated with Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior. The findings highlight the importance of considering the exact source of SD rats and utilizing their genetic diversity in genetic studies.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Larisa M. Dinu, Samriddhi N. Singh, Neo S. Baker, Alexandra L. Georgescu, Bryan F. Singer, Paul G. Overton, Eleanor J. Dommett
Summary: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) leads to significant functional impairment, and current treatments are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute exercise on ADHD symptoms in adults. The results showed that both aerobic cycling and mind-body yoga exercises improved temporal impulsivity in adults with ADHD, while only cycling benefited all participants. However, exercise did not have any significant effects on attention, cognitive or motor impulsivity, or movement in those with ADHD. Exercise interventions for ADHD should be further explored.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ali Gheidi, Christopher J. Fitzpatrick, Jordan D. Gregory, Jonathan D. Morrow
Summary: Acetylcholinergic antagonists have shown promise in reducing addiction-related behaviors, but the psychological mechanisms behind their effects remain unclear. This study investigates the selective effects of systemic antagonism of acetylcholine receptors on behavior in rats.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Morgan B. Zolkwer, Rafael Hidalgo, Bryan F. Singer
Summary: There is individual variation in how people interact with videos presented in online distance education. Embedding questions during videos enhances question-answering performance and is preferred by students. The benefits of presenting questions during videos may increase with age, but there is a preference shift towards answering questions after videos as individuals get older.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFELONG EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Niloufar Pouyan, Farnaz Younesi Sisi, Alireza Kargar, Milan Scheidegger, Roger S. Mcintyre, Jonathan D. Morrow
Summary: The study aims to synthesize the existing literature on the impact of LSD on the RDoC's Positive Valence Systems domain. The findings suggest that LSD exhibits dose-dependent mood improvement and is linked to the 5-HT2A receptor.
Article
Psychiatry
Henrietta Bowden-Jones, Roxanne W. Hook, Jon E. Grant, Konstantinos Ioannidis, Ornella Corazza, Naomi A. Fineberg, Bryan F. Singer, Amanda Roberts, Richard Bethlehem, Simon Dymond, Rafa Romero-Garcia, Trevor W. Robbins, Samuele Cortese, Shane A. Thomas, Barbara J. Sahakian, Nicki A. Dowling, Samuel R. Chamberlain
Summary: This paper discusses the current status of research and treatment for disordered gambling in the UK and identifies key areas for future research. The focus is on the prevalence, vulnerability factors, neurobiology, and treatment opportunities for gambling disorder. The paper also emphasizes the importance of learning from approaches used in other countries to mitigate gambling-related harm.
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Cristina Maria Rios, Jonathan Morrow, Francesca Czesak, Coltrane Groves, Paolo Campus
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Cristina Maria-Rios, Christopher Fitzpatrick, Jonathan D. Morrow
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Cristina Maria Rios, Geoffrey Murphy, Jonathan Morrow
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)