Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emma Roth, Simon Benoit, Baptiste Quentin, Brian Lam, Sarah Will, Marcella Ma, Nick Heeley, Tamana Darwish, Yashaswi Shrestha, Fiona Gribble, Frank Reimann, Irina Pshenichnaya, Giles Yeo, David J. Baker, James L. Trevaskis, Clemence Blouet
Summary: Combinatorial therapy of GLP-1R and CCK1R agonists in the brain was found to enhance rapid and sustained appetite suppression and weight loss by engaging specific neuronal populations, such as NTS/AP Calcrlthorn neurons, in discrete brain nuclei including the NTS.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jan Tack, Wout Verbeure, Hideki Mori, Jolien Schol, Karen Van den Houte, I-Hsuan Huang, Lukas Balsiger, Bert Broeders, Esther Colomier, Emidio Scarpellini, Florencia Carbone
Summary: Various gastrointestinal mechanisms, including mechano-chemoreceptors, peptide hormones, and neural pathways, play a role in regulating hunger and satiety signaling in humans. Mechanisms such as gastric accommodation reflex and motilin release are key determinants of satiety and hunger, influencing meal volume and energy intake.
UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rashmi Chandra, Dipendra K. Aryal, Jonathan D. Douros, Rafiq Shahid, Supriya J. Davis, Jonathan E. Campbell, Olga Ilkayeya, Phillip J. White, Ramona Rodriguez, Christopher B. Newgard, William C. Wetsel, Rodger A. Liddle
Summary: ILDR1 plays a regulatory role in metabolic responses to feeding in mice. Ildr1 deletion increases high fat food intake but reduces weight gain and improves glucose tolerance. ILDR1 improves insulin sensitivity and glucose-regulated insulin secretion in mice.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ge Yang, Mingli Wu, Xinqi Liu, Fuwen Wang, Mei Li, Xiaoya An, Fuxia Bai, Chuzhao Lei, Ruihua Dang
Summary: miR-24-3p may conservatively regulate muscle development in multiple species, and it is associated with the Wnt signaling pathway.
Article
Neurosciences
Ling He, Heng Shi, Ge Zhang, Yujie Peng, Avirup Ghosh, Mengfan Zhang, Xiaofeng Hu, Chunhua Liu, Yue Shao, Shujie Wang, Lijiang Chen, Wenjian Sun, Junfeng Su, Xi Chen, Liang Zhang, Ying-Shing Chan, Duanqing Pei, Micky Tortorella, Yiping Guo, Hong Yan, Jufang He
Summary: Cholecystokinin (CCK) plays an important role in enhancing inhibitory synapses. Activation of GABA neurons suppresses neuronal responses in the neocortex, and high-frequency laser stimulation of GABAergic neurons potentiates this suppression. Additionally, GPR173 is proposed as CCK3R, mediating the relationship between cortical CCK interneuron signaling and inhibitory LTP.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lucia Camacho-Barcia, Jesus Garcia-Gavilan, Christopher Papandreou, Thea T. Hansen, Jo A. Harrold, Graham Finlayson, John E. Blundell, Anders Sjodin, Jason C. G. Halford, Monica Bullo
Summary: The study identified a positive association between higher levels of glycine and linoleic acid and postprandial satiety in overweight and obese individuals. Conversely, sucrose and certain sphingomyelins were negatively associated with satiety sensations. The correlations between metabolomic profiles and satiety sensations were moderate but consistent in two different appetite assessments.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mitchell A. Head, Laura K. McColl, Anica Klockars, Allen S. Levine, Pawel K. Olszewski
Summary: A recent study found that the combination of oxytocin and naltrexone effectively reduces appetite in adolescent male rats. The treatment suppresses feeding induced by energy and palatability without affecting water intake or causing a conditioned taste aversion.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie C. Tjen-A-Looi, Liang-Wu Fu, Zhi-Ling Guo, Yiwei D. Gong, Anh Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Ai-Thuan P. Nguyen, Shaista Malik
Summary: Electroacupuncture can modulate sympathetic reflexes, decrease blood pressure and heart rate. This study found that the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus participates in the Bezold-Jarisch reflex and inhibits cardiopulmonary responses through the opioid system.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lucia Mrazikova, Silvie Hojna, Petra Vaculova, Stepan Strnad, Vladimir Vrkoslav, Helena Pelantova, Marek Kuzma, Blanka Zelezna, Jaroslav Kunes, Lenka Maletinska
Summary: A stable analog of Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), called palm(11)-PrRP31, has been developed and shown to have anti-obesity and glucose-lowering effects in animals with high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, it was found to attenuate neuroinflammation in the brain. This study suggests potential therapeutic benefits of palm(11)-PrRP31 and liraglutide in treating obesity and its related complications.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Miguens-Gomez, Marta Sierra-Cruz, M. Teresa Blay, Esther Rodriguez-Gallego, Raul Beltran-Debon, Ximena Terra, Montserrat Pinent, Anna Ardevol
Summary: The impact of healthy aging on society has generated interest in studying aging mechanisms, yet the effects of this process on the gastrointestinal tract are not fully understood. Controversial results have been found regarding changes in the enteroendocrine system along the gastrointestinal tract. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) have been shown to protect against aging-related pathologies. In this study, researchers hypothesized that GSPE pre-treatment could prevent aging processes affecting the enteroendocrine system. By treating aged rats with GSPE, they found that the expression of enterohormones in the colon was preserved, suggesting that GSPE may be effective in preventing decreased enterohormone expression induced by aging.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Elanor C. Hinton, Sam D. Leary, Latife Comlek, Peter J. Rogers, Julian P. Hamilton-Shield
Summary: The study did not find evidence for differences in the effects of different conditions on satiety and eating speed. Future research could consider testing the impact of rating fullness on multiple meals over a longer period. Additionally, although some weak evidence was found that levels of satiety responsiveness may influence the effects of the manipulation, only a weak relationship with eating speed was identified.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Asim, Bing Wang, Bo Hao, Xiaoguang Wang
Summary: Ketamine shows rapid and persistent efficacy against PTSD, possibly by modulating glutamate receptors and activating downstream BDNF and mTOR signaling pathways to enhance synaptic plasticity.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Dongdong Ni, Heather E. Smyth, Michael J. Gidley, Daniel Cozzolino
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the use of mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics in analyzing unstimulated saliva to predict satiety in healthy participants, as well as explore the relationship between saliva features and individual perceptions of human-food interactions. Although the robustness of predicting satiety using unstimulated saliva was not strong, the study found differences in MIR spectra of saliva between low and high satiety groups and demonstrated the potential use of this method in identifying perception types and selecting participants for appetite studies. Furthermore, the study suggests that MIR spectroscopy could be a rapid and cost-effective tool for evaluating human-food interactions.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sashie Abeywickrema, Indrawati Oey, Mei Peng
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the sensory-specific effects of taste and aroma on subsequent snack consumption in real life. The results showed that high-intensity aroma or taste led to significant reductions in hedonic ratings post-breakfast, while total snack intake remained consistent across conditions.
FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Juan Yang, Jianhong Liao, Hao Dong, Guiying Huang, Weidong Bai, Juncai Tu, Xiaofang Zeng
Summary: This study found that there is a synergistic effect between gamma-glutamyl peptides and MSG in activating the umami receptor and promoting CCK secretion. The intake of gamma-glutamyl peptides and MSG can significantly enhance umami taste and increase CCK secretion, possibly involving other receptors as well.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.