Article
Substance Abuse
Edith V. Sullivan, Adolf Pfefferbaum
Summary: Excessive alcohol use shortens longevity and increases the risk of accidents, violence, and alcohol poisoning. It also contributes to the acceleration of age-related medical and psychiatric conditions in chronic heavy drinkers. Understanding the impact of alcohol use disorder on brain structure may help identify modifiable risk factors and prevent further deterioration. This review focuses on the aging of the brains of individuals with alcohol use disorder, considering the potential for recovery through harm reduction and the implications for age-related dementia.
Article
Neurosciences
Donovan J. Roediger, Claire Griffin, Frances Marin, Hannah Verdoorn, Mark Fiecas, Bryon A. Mueller, Kelvin O. Lim, Jazmin Camchong
Summary: This study examined whether microstructural measures in white matter pathways associated with relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD). The findings showed that anisotropy measures in these pathways were generally lower in those who relapsed during the follow-up period and positively associated with the duration of sustained abstinence. However, only the right fornix showed significant results in this sample. This highlights the potential utility of the three-factor model of addiction and the role of white matter alterations in AUD treatment outcomes.
Article
Psychiatry
James R. Gooden, Vanessa Petersen, Georgia L. Bolt, Ashlee Curtis, Victoria Manning, Catherine A. Cox, Dan I. Lubman, Shalini Arunogiri
Summary: This study investigated the biopsychosocial and neuropsychological profiles of individuals reporting cognitive impairment in MA-polysubstance users compared to an alcohol-using group. The study found that the neuropsychological profiles were largely similar between the two groups, but MA-polysubstance users were more likely to experience overall harm from substance use at a younger age. This highlights the importance of considering factors such as age, emotional distress, and indirect substance-related harms in understanding cognitive difficulties in MA-polysubstance users.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Yuan Cao, Fangfang Tian, Jianguang Zeng, Qiyong Gong, Xun Yang, Zhiyun Jia
Summary: This study aims to identify the most consistent response inhibition-related brain dysfunction in alcohol use disorder (AUD) based on existing data. The findings suggest that dysfunction in the prefrontal-cingulate cortices may reflect the core impairment in cognitive control abilities, while abnormalities in the occipital gyrus and somatosensory areas may indicate abnormal motor-sensory and visual function in AUD. These functional abnormalities may represent neurophysiological correlates of the executive deficits observed in AUD patients.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Eileen M. Moore, Yingjing Xia
Summary: Prenatal alcohol exposure can interfere with neurodevelopment and have detrimental effects on brain structure, function, cognition, behavior, and mental health. Studies have shown that individuals with PAE have atypical developmental trajectories in brain cortical and white matter microstructure during childhood and adolescence. More research is needed to investigate the role of factors such as sex and postnatal experiences, as well as the long-term developmental trajectories beyond young adulthood.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amaia Nunez-delMoral, Paula C. Bianchi, Iria Brocos-Mosquera, Augusto Anesio, Paola Palombo, Rosana Camarini, Fabio C. Cruz, Luis F. Callado, Vincent Vialou, Amaia M. Erdozain
Summary: A protein called hevin is highly expressed in the adult brain and plays a role in stress resilience and motivated behaviors. This study found that hevin levels are elevated in the brain tissue of individuals with alcohol use disorder, and that alcohol exposure and withdrawal can alter hevin levels. Moreover, suppressing hevin expression in a specific brain region leads to increased alcohol consumption.
Review
Physiology
Soo K. Shin, Erin E. Kaiser, Franklin D. West
Summary: Pigs, as an animal model for simulating human alcohol use disorder, exhibit similar voluntary alcohol consumption and intoxication behaviors observed in humans, along with anatomical similarities in the brain and liver, making them a promising tool for studying the complex nature of AUD and its development in humans.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maud E. G. van Dorst, Yvonne C. M. Rensen, Masud Husain, Roy P. C. Kessels
Summary: This study examined the multidimensional nature of apathy in patients with KS, ARCI, and AUD, finding social apathy to be the most prominent symptom. Discrepancies between patient and caregiver ratings were observed, with caregivers reporting more severe apathy. Caregiver-reported behavioral and social apathy were related to everyday functioning.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francisco D. Rodriguez, Manuel Lisardo Sanchez, Rafael Covenas
Summary: Harmful alcohol use, known as alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in the DSM-5 classification, has various negative effects on individuals and their social and familial environments. Alcohol addiction is characterized by compulsive drinking and negative emotional states during withdrawal, often leading to relapses. The complexity of AUD involves multiple factors, including the use of other psychoactive substances. Ethanol and its metabolites directly impact tissues and may disrupt brain neurotransmission, immunity, and cell repair pathways. The review focuses on the role of neurotensin (NT) in alcohol addiction and the potential use of nonpeptide ligands to modulate the NT system in animal models of harmful drinking behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shannon E. Cusack, Anna W. Wright, Ananda B. Amstadter
Summary: This scoping review examined the relationship between individual, trait-level resilience and alcohol use outcomes in adults over the age of 21 in the United States. Findings suggest resilience as a protective factor against various outcomes, though methodological limitations should be considered. The review implies the clinical implications of resilience in prevention and intervention programming for alcohol use outcomes.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William Torregrossa, Michele Torrisi, Rosaria De Luca, Carmela Casella, Carmela Rifici, Mirjam Bonanno, Rocco Salvatore Calabro
Summary: Traumatic brain injury is damage to the brain occurring after birth, resulting in deterioration of cognitive, behavioural, and emotional functions. Neuropsychological evaluation can assist clinicians in assessing the patient's condition, reaching differential diagnoses, and developing intervention strategies. However, it is difficult to determine the most suitable assessment tool for different brain injury conditions considering the various rating scales available.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alice Laniepce, Najlaa Lahbairi, Nicolas Cabe, Anne-Lise Pitel, Geraldine Rauchs
Summary: Cognitive and brain alterations in patients with alcohol use disorder are closely related to sleep disturbances, which may exacerbate issues and increase the risk of relapse.
SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Camille Amadieu, Valentin Coste, Audrey M. Neyrinck, Victoria Thijssen, Quentin Leyrolle, Laure B. Bindels, Hubert Piessevaux, Peter Starkel, Philippe de Timary, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Sophie Leclercq
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effects of supplementing alcohol-dependent patients with prebiotic fiber on gut microbiota and patient behavior. The results showed that prebiotics can modulate gut microbiota and improve social behavior, but had limited effects on other psychological and biological parameters.
Article
Surgery
Gretchen E. White, Richard E. Boles, Anita P. Courcoulas, Susan Z. Yanovski, Meg H. Zeller, Todd M. Jenkins, Thomas H. Inge
Summary: This study aimed to describe alcohol use, alcohol-related harm, and alcohol-related problems in adolescents preoperatively and up to 8 years following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). The results showed that the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption increased after MBS in adolescents, and nearly half of the patients screened positively for alcohol-related harm or problems 8 years post-surgery. Therefore, the evaluation and treatment of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems should be integrated into routine long-term care for adolescents undergoing MBS.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Waisley Yang, Rohit Singla, Oshin Maheshwari, Christine J. Fontaine, Joana Gil-Mohapel
Summary: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by dysregulation of brain circuits involved in executive function, leading to excessive alcohol consumption and withdrawal symptoms. Ethanol toxicity affects multiple neurotransmitter systems, resulting in dysregulation of reward, motivation, decision making, and stress response. Treatment options include psychological and pharmacological interventions, focusing on reducing alcohol consumption and addressing impaired functioning and behaviors. Stigma and social barriers still impact access to care. AUD treatment should aim to restore physiological and neurological impairment caused by alcohol toxicity and address psychosocial factors hindering treatment access.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Elisabet Alzueta, Simon Podhajsky, Qingyu Zhao, Susan F. Tapert, Wesley K. Thompson, Massimiliano de Zambotti, Dilara Yuksel, Orsolya Kiss, Rena Wang, Laila Volpe, Devin Prouty, Ian M. Colrain, Duncan B. Clark, David B. Goldston, Kate B. Nooner, Michael D. De Bellis, Sandra A. Brown, Bonnie J. Nagel, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Edith Sullivan, Fiona C. Baker, Kilian M. Pohl
Summary: This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the risk of depression in emerging adults, particularly young women. Frequent alcohol use and short sleep duration during the pandemic have been associated with an increase in depressive symptoms.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Edith V. Sullivan, Adolf Pfefferbaum
Summary: Excessive alcohol use shortens longevity and increases the risk of accidents, violence, and alcohol poisoning. It also contributes to the acceleration of age-related medical and psychiatric conditions in chronic heavy drinkers. Understanding the impact of alcohol use disorder on brain structure may help identify modifiable risk factors and prevent further deterioration. This review focuses on the aging of the brains of individuals with alcohol use disorder, considering the potential for recovery through harm reduction and the implications for age-related dementia.
Article
Neurosciences
Adolf Pfefferbaum, Edith V. Sullivan, Natalie M. Zahr, Kilian M. Pohl, Manojkumar Saranathan
Summary: This study validated a modified method for segmenting thalamic nuclei in T1 MRI data and quantified age-related volume declines using this method. The study also found functional meaningfulness by predicting performance on motor testing.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicolas Honnorat, Rosemary Fama, Eva M. Mueller-Oehring, Natalie M. Zahr, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Edith V. Sullivan, Kilian M. Pohl
Summary: Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and those with AUD comorbid with HIV infection have disrupted functional connectivity in the brain, which is associated with deficits in executive functioning.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Edith V. Sullivan, Natalie M. Zahr, Stephanie A. Sassoon, Kilian M. Pohl, Adolf Pfefferbaum
Summary: This study aimed to determine the independent contributions of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) metrics to balance instability in people with HIV (PWH) compared with people without HIV (PWoH). The results showed that PWH exhibited greater stability deficits with closed eyes compared to PWoH. Further analysis revealed that longer sway paths correlated with smaller cortical and cerebellar brain volumes known for sensory integration, and both CNS and PNS metrics were independent predictors of postural instability in PWH.
Article
Immunology
Erin E. O'Connor, Edith Sullivan, Linda Chang, Dima A. Hammoud, Tony W. Wilson, Ann B. Ragin, Christina S. Meade, Jennifer Coughlin, Beau M. Ances
Summary: Neuroimaging research is crucial in detecting HIV-associated brain abnormalities and understanding the impact of confounding factors. It is important to use sensitive methods and consider potential confounders when studying brain structure and function in virally suppressed PWH.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Stephanie A. Sassoon, Rosemary Fama, Anne-Pascale Le Berre, Eva M. Muller-Oehring, Natalie M. Zahr, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Edith Sullivan
Summary: Experience of childhood trauma, particularly abuse, increases the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risky behaviors leading to HIV infection. Both AUD and HIV are associated with lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) possibly influenced by childhood trauma. In this study, individuals with AUD, HIV, AUD+HIV, and controls completed assessments to measure HRQoL, resilience, and childhood trauma. The results showed that AUD, HIV, and AUD+HIV groups had lower HRQoL and resilience scores compared to controls. Greater resilience was a significant predictor of better quality of life in all groups. The impact of childhood trauma on HRQoL differed between AUD and HIV, with higher T-lymphocyte count contributing to better HRQoL in HIV. This study highlights the detrimental effect of AUD, HIV, and their comorbidity on HRQoL, as well as the positive influence of resilience.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
E. V. Sullivan, N. M. Zahr, A. Pfefferbaum
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
K. M. Pohl, Q. Zhao, A. Pfefferbaum, E. V. Sullivan
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
S. A. Sassoon, R. Fama, M. Leonard, K. L. Machitar, A. Pfefferbaum, E. V. Sullivan
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Rosemary Fama, Eva M. Muller-Oehring, Taylor F. Levine, Edith V. Sullivan, Stephanie A. Sassoon, Priya Asok, Helen M. Bronte-Stewart, Kathleen L. Poston, Kilian M. Pohl, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Tilman Schulte
Summary: Episodic memory deficits are observed in PLWH and PD patients, which may be caused by both executive dysfunction and learning deficits. In a study involving PLWH, PD patients, and controls, it was found that both PLWH and PD patients performed poorly in learning and free and cued recall, but did not differ in recognition and retention of learned material. Furthermore, different brain regions showed different correlations with learning and memory abilities. Therefore, memory deficits in PLWH and PD patients may have different pathogenic mechanisms.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Natalie Zahr, Edith Sullivan, Adolf Pfefferbaum
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mark Endo, Kathleen L. Poston, Edith V. Sullivan, Li Fei-Fei, Kilian M. Pohl, Ehsan Adeli
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder characterized by motor-related symptoms. The severity of motor impairments is typically evaluated to diagnose the disease. However, the limited clinical data hinders accurate assessment. In this study, researchers propose a self-supervised pre-training task called GaitForeMer, which forecasts gait movements to estimate motor impairment severity. The method outperforms previous approaches and demonstrates the potential of using public movement data repositories for clinical applications.
MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER ASSISTED INTERVENTION, MICCAI 2022, PT VIII
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
N. M. Zahr, E. V. Sullivan, A. Pfefferbaum
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
K. M. Pohl, Q. Zhao, E. Adeli, E. V. Sullivan, A. Pfefferbaum
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)