Effect of Zr Microalloying on Austenite Grain Size of Low-Carbon Steels

The effect of microalloying addition of Zr on the characteristics of inclusions and prior austenite grain sizes following a quench heat treatment has been investigated for two custom-made steels. The average size of particles in the Zr-containing steel is found to be the same as the Zr-free steel (0.49 mu m). However, the number of smaller particles in the Zr-containing steel is much higher than the Zr-free steel. The inclusions in the Zr-containing steel are composed of ZrO2-TiN-MnS, and inclusions in the Zr-free steel are consisted of TiOx-Ti(C,N). The average prior austenite grain size of the Zr-containing steel is consistently smaller than that of the Zr-free steel, due to a large number of fine oxide inclusions and Ti(C,N) precipitates, working to pin the austenite grain boundaries at temperatures up to 1673 K (1400 degrees C). The grain refinement mechanisms by inclusions through the addition of Zr are discussed via thermodynamic and kinetic calculations. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2019