Article
Engineering, Geological
Yigen Qin, Dongli Zhang, Wenjun Zheng, Jingjun Yang, Gan Chen, Lei Duan, Shumin Liang, Hui Peng
Summary: Earthquake-triggered landslides are influenced by both seismogenic faults and topography. The dip angle of the fault has a controlling impact on the spatial distribution of the landslides. Higher dip angles result in a concentrated distribution of landslides on both sides of the fault, while lower dip angles lead to a more pronounced hanging wall effect. The topography, particularly the relative elevation differences, is closely related to the landslides, forming a single peak within a local relief range of 400-1600 m.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Xianzheng Zhang, Chenxiao Tang, Ning Li, Jiang Xiong, Ming Chen, Mingwei Li, Chuan Tang
Summary: It is recognized that post-seismic mass movements usually occur in the first few years after an earthquake. However, a major debris flow occurred in Wenchuan County in 2019, 11 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, indicating a different temporal evolution pattern. The investigation results show that active landslides mainly occurred in high-elevation areas without vegetation cover, and the debris flows were mainly initiated by run-off erosion of debris in steep channels. Additionally, more debris flows occurred in the northern part of the study area, where the relative annual rainfall and coseismic landslide density were low.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jia-xu Kong, Jian-qi Zhuang, Jian-bing Peng, Peng-hui Ma, Jie-wei Zhan, Jia-qi Mu, Jie Wang, Zuo-peng Wang
Summary: Landslide scale measurement and hazard risk assessment are crucial in understanding the impact of landslides. This study utilized high-resolution terrain and orthophoto data obtained through UAV photography and field surveys to calculate sliding and deposit data for loess landslides. The results showed correlations between sliding volume and sliding area with power-law distribution, as well as the influence of sliding volume and deposit volume on certain ratios. The study also introduced the semi-ellipsoid model for landslide volume assessment, which yielded promising results.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jiang Xiong, Chuan Tang, Hai Tang, Ming Chen, Xianzheng Zhang, Qinyun Shi, Ming Chang, Lingfeng Gong, Ning Li, Mingwei Li
Summary: This study investigates the long-term changes in hillslope erosion and landslide-channel coupling by quantifying the coupling degree using a landslide-channel coupling index (LCCI) and estimating the hillslope erosion driven by landslides. The results show that the overall landslide activity and coupling degree decayed following the Wenchuan earthquake, and the hillslope erosion driven by landslides also followed a power law decay. Although the coupling degree and sediment supply to channels have decreased, strong rainfall events can still result in significant sediment delivery.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jiang Xiong, Chuan Tang, Lingfeng Gong, Ming Chen, Ning Li, Qingyun Shi, Xianzheng Zhang, Ming Chang, Mingwei Li
Summary: The study revealed that after the Wenchuan earthquake, landslide sediment in the alpine basin was mainly transferred to the channels through specific processes, with surface runoff erosion becoming the primary transfer process later on. Analysis of a remote sensing image time series confirmed that the sediment transfer process in the alpine basin was intense during the first 5 years post-earthquake, gradually weakening thereafter and potentially requiring 20 years or longer to return to pre-earthquake levels.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Shenghua Cui, Xiangjun Pei, Yao Jiang, Gonghui Wang, Xuanmei Fan, Qingwen Yang, Runqiu Huang
Summary: The Daguangbao landslide, triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, was a catastrophic mass movement with a volume of approximately 1.2 x 10(9) m(3). Laboratory tests revealed that the carbonate fault breccia on the sliding layer had a high liquefaction potential and low friction coefficient, which contributed to the initiation and movement of the landslide. Numerical calculations showed that the landslide occurred 36 seconds after the earthquake and collided with a riverbank in the 76th second, indicating that pore-water pressure during seismic shaking intensified the instability and mobility of the slope.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Ming Chen, Chuan Tang, Xiaodi Wang, Jiang Xiong, Qingyun Shi, Xianzheng Zhang, Mingwei Li, Yuting Luo, Yu Tie, Qiang Feng
Summary: This study investigated the temporal and spatial differentiation of surface recovery at post-seismic landslides in three typical regions along the fault generated by the Wenchuan earthquake. The results showed that geological factors and climate significantly influenced the surface recovery rates at post-seismic landslides, with NDVI values in different areas returning to pre-earthquake levels within 11 to 16 years after the earthquake.
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xudong Hu, Feng Yang, Kaiheng Hu, Miao Ding, Shuang Liu, Li Wei
Summary: In a seismic basin, the connectivity between earthquake-induced landslides and debris-flow channels plays a crucial role in determining the sediment volume transported into debris flows and the magnitude of the debris flows. This study developed a normalized index of sediment connectivity to analyze the evolution of landslide sediment transport capacity. By simulating two debris-flow events, the results showed a good agreement between the simulated and observed debris-flow magnitudes, indicating the suitability of the normalized landslide connectivity index for estimating the movable volume. Additionally, a negative correlation was found between the sediment connectivity index and landslide characteristics, suggesting a decay of spatial connectivity over time and a corresponding reduction in debris-flow magnitude.
Article
Engineering, Geological
S. Zhang, J. Y. Peng, M. P. Zhang, Y. B. Chen, Y. Y. Han, C. X. Su, D. Y. Zhuang
Summary: The occurrence of debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake resulted in significant damage to infrastructure and the loss of many lives. This study analyzed the evolution of debris flows over a 10-year period after the earthquake to gain a better understanding of its long-term impact. Through remote sensing images and field investigations, the movement of loose deposits in debris flow gullies along Provincial Road 303 was tracked. The study found a gradual transportation of loose deposits into channels and a decreasing trend in mass transport rate from 2010 to 2018. The occurrence frequency, magnitude, and mobility of debris flows were also found to decrease.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jialin Li, Bing Guo, Guang Yang, Kun Yu
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in soil erosion in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area from 2000 to 2019. The research results showed that the soil erosion intensity had an overall decreasing trend, but increased around 2008 due to the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides and floods. Soil erosion in the area was significantly influenced by vegetation, terrain, and land use types.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Gonghui Wang, Fanyu Zhang, Gen Furuya, Koichi Hayashi, Wei Hu, Mauri McSaveney, Runqiu Huang
Summary: This paper presents a case study of a large landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, analyzing the movement mechanisms and potential channelized movements of displaced landslide materials. The study utilized field surveys and subsurface investigations to estimate the thickness of landslide deposits at different locations, providing insights for enhancing numerical simulation of landsliding and reuse of deposit areas.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cheng Zhong, Chang Li, Peng Gao, Hui Li
Summary: Post-seismic vegetation recovery is crucial for local ecosystem and slope stability, and this study found that about 60% of landslide vegetation in the Wenchuan earthquake area reaches pre-earthquake levels within ten years and is expected to fully recover within 20 years. Vegetation recovery is significantly influenced by topographic factors, especially elevation and slope, while being minimally related to distance to epicenter, fault ruptures, and rivers.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chang Li, Bangjin Yi, Peng Gao, Hui Li, Jixing Sun, Xueye Chen, Cheng Zhong
Summary: This study conducted a comparative test on landslide detection models in the Wenchuan earthquake area, finding that VGG models have the highest precision, ResNet models have high recall, DenseNet models perform moderately, and UNet+ also achieves good results. Larger sample sets lead to better performance for VGG, ResNet, and DenseNet, while deeper layers improve the detection results for ResNet and DenseNet.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Wei Hu, Yan Li, Huaixiao Gou, Theo W. J. Van Asch, Xin Gao, Yangshuai Zheng, Chunlei Xin
Summary: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake generated poorly consolidated deposits, leading to post-earthquake disasters such as erosion and debris flows. Laboratory tests showed high permeability and low matric suction of the co-seismic deposit material, which is crucial for assessing and mitigating geo-hazards.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Hakan Tanya, Dalia Kirschbaum, Tolga Gorum, Cees J. van Westen, Chenxiao Tang, Luigi Lombardo
Summary: This study examines the relationship between earthquake-induced landslide recovery time and factors such as seismic effects, co-seismic landslide deposits, seismotectonic conditions, morphologic conditions, and climatic conditions. It suggests that the dominant post-seismic landsliding process plays a crucial role in determining the recovery time of landslide susceptibility after earthquakes.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wei Gong, Junhui Xing, Qingwei Meng, Lei Xing, Chong Xu, Hao Zhang
Summary: The Solomon Sea Basin is a Cenozoic back-arc spreading basin formed by the convergence system of the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates. Through the analysis of various geological data, the study reveals the structural characteristics of the basin, including an original expansion structure in the central part and a subduction-induced structure along the basin margin. The subduction and slab-pull processes have also resulted in the formation of extensional structure belts along the basin margin.
ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zikang Xiao, Chong Xu, Yuandong Huang, Xiangli He, Xiaoyi Shao, Zhaoning Chen, Chenchen Xie, Tao Li, Xiwei Xu
Summary: On September 5, 2022, a 6.8 magnitude earthquake occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China, resulting in huge casualties and economic losses. The landslides triggered by this earthquake are mainly small and medium-sized rock collapses and destructive debris flows, with a few large-scale landslides.
GEOENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Tuo Shen, Xiwei Xu, Shiyong Zhou, Paul Tapponnier, Lianwang Chen, Yujiang Li, Evgenii A. Rogozhin, Jin Tang, Xibin Tan, Wenjun Kang, Shaogang Wei, Qixin Wang, Xiaoqiong Lei
Summary: In this study, the finite element method was used to investigate the impact of the Ruoergai Subblock on regional deformation. The results indicate that the Ruoergai Subblock moves in a different direction compared to the nearby Bayan Har Block, leading to the formation and behavior of the Awancang and Longriba faults. Furthermore, strain partitioning is gradually transferring from the eastern margin faults to the Longmenshan thrust. Our research proposes a block-controlled pattern to explain the distribution and behavior of most faults in the region. This study provides valuable insights for considering fracture resistance parameters during the construction of the Tibet Railway.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mengyang Li, Shaolin Liu, Dinghui Yang, Chaodi Xie, Xiwei Xu, Guiju Dong, Wenshuai Wang, Shuxin Yang
Summary: High-resolution images of the subsurface structures in the Qinling belt were obtained using a traveltime tomography method. The results show that middle-lower crustal flow may not exist in the western Qinling belt, while low-velocity anomalies in the middle-lower crust of the central Qinling belt can be attributed to convergence and collision between the North China block and the South China block. Significant high-velocity anomalies in the upper crust of the southern Qinling belt indicate a mechanically strong upper crust.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Peng Shu, Xiwei Xu, Shaoying Feng, Baojin Liu, Kang Li, Paul Tapponnier, Xiaojuan Deng, Guihua Chen, Nuan Xia, Hongtai Xu, Jingjing Qin, Fubing He, Yan Ma, Rongzhang Zheng
Summary: This paper examines the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Banquan Basin through seismic reflection exploration, borehole detection, and cosmogenic nuclide chronology. The study reveals that the basin underwent three evolutionary stages: weak rifting, strong extension, and subsidence. Additionally, the study finds that the sedimentary filling of the basin strongly responds to the pull-apart and extension processes.
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kang Li, Xiwei Xu, Paul Tapponnier, Wenjun Kang, Shiguang Wang
Summary: Accurate study of Quaternary extension rates along NS-trending normal faults in southern Tibet is crucial to comprehend the recent tectonic evolution of the high plateau. Through the use of UAV data, C-14 dating, and Be-10 cosmogenic exposure dating, this study assessed offsets and constrained ages at four sites along the Peiku Co-Gyirong rifts and intervening horst. The results show consistent offsets of approximately 4.7-6.5 m since around 12.3 ka along the Peiku Co normal faults, and a larger total offset of around 8.5 m since around 10.4 ka along the Gyirong normal fault. The overall findings support the inference that the total late Quaternary extension rate throughout southern Tibet is approximately 9 +/- 2 mm/yr, highlighting the risk of a potential Mw 6.9 earthquake in the Gyirong County area.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhaogang Luo, Shiji Wang, Qiang Ou, Muhammad Qayyum Hamka, Xian Li, Chong Xu, Xuanming Ding
Summary: The cracking behavior of swelling clay under drying conditions is affected by factors such as soil layer size, fiber reinforcement, and interfacial friction. The crack patterns are influenced by the overall size parameter of the soil layer, with cracks becoming denser and more textured as the parameter decreases. Fiber reinforcement restricts the major crack, but increased interface roughness leads to the generation of more cracks in the shallow layer of swelling clay. Parameters such as crack area, total length of cracks, and average width of cracks were analyzed, and fractal dimensions were introduced to estimate crack patterns and distribution.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yuandong Huang, Chong Xu, Xujiao Zhang, Lei Li, Xiwei Xu
Summary: Natural hazards pose significant threats to human survival and development. Advances in research on natural hazards have occurred over the past 4 decades. With the continuous development of science and technology and the changing environment, it is important to review research fields and explore current hotspots and trends.
NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW
(2023)
Editorial Material
Forestry
Haijia Wen, Weile Li, Chong Xu, Hiromu Daimaru
Article
Environmental Sciences
Siyuan Ma, Xiaoyi Shao, Chong Xu
Summary: Rainfall-induced landslides in Sanming City, Fujian Province, China, caused significant loss of life and property in May 2016. A detailed inventory of 2665 landslides triggered by this heavy rainfall event was created using high-resolution satellite imagery. The abundance of landslides was found to be related to topographic, geological and hydro-meteorological factors, with Sinian mica schist and quartz schist being the most prone lithological types. Numerical simulations accurately reproduced the temporal evolution of landslide instability triggered by the event, indicating that the short duration of heavy rainfall on 8 May was the primary triggering factor.
Review
Ecology
Jingjing Sun, Wenwen Qi, Yuandong Huang, Chong Xu, Wentao Yang
Summary: Wildfire is a destructive natural disaster influenced by climate, combustible materials, and ignition sources. Extensive research has been conducted on various aspects of wildfires, including prediction, analysis, impact assessment, simulation, and risk assessment. Understanding wildfire spread behavior, conducting simulations, and assessing risks are crucial for prevention, mitigation, and response. This article focuses on the driving factors of wildfire spread behavior, introduces a simulation software, discusses risk assessment methods, and proposes future research prospects.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jia Cheng, Chong Xu, Jian Ma, Xiwei Xu, Pengyu Zhu
Summary: Strong earthquakes occur along active faults, causing earthquake disasters, property losses, and casualties over a wide range. Studying seismic hazards on fault segments is an effective way to identify dangerous parts of earthquakes. This study calculated earthquake occurrence rates for segments along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone, identified risk sites, and assessed property losses and probabilities of landslides and casualties for potential earthquakes. The findings provide a new approach for earthquake hazard analysis and disaster reduction, contributing to earthquake prevention and emergency preparedness.
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Linjie Wang, Zhili Li, Shujuan Liu, Jianfeng Zhang, Xiaoqian Dai, Zhongquan Dai, Chong Xu, Yanlei Wang, Peng Zang, Zhifeng Guo, Lina Qu, Yinghui Li
Summary: Countermeasures in weightlessness are essential for long-term residency in space, and head-down bed rest (HDBR) is a commonly used method to simulate and test the effects of spaceflight. In a 90-day HDBR conducted by the Astronaut Center of China in 2019, exercise interventions were found to be effective in improving aerobic capacity and muscle strength.
SPACE: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Siyuan Ma, Xiaoyi Shao, Chong Xu
Summary: Physically-based models, such as the TRIGRS model, are valuable tools for analyzing slope stability and predicting landslides. This study presents a MATLAB program that utilizes the TRIGRS model to define rainfall thresholds in the loess watershed basin of the Tianshui area, China. The study analyzes the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration, and failure prediction in each grid cell of the basin. The findings reveal the impact of hillslope gradient and lithological types on the shape and position of the rainfall threshold curves. This analysis provides insights into the factors affecting physically-based threshold variability and offers a useful method for early warning of rainfall-induced landslides in loess areas.
