Article
Energy & Fuels
Seungchul Woo, Jungkoo Lee, Kihyung Lee
Summary: With the strengthening of emission regulations, researchers worldwide are studying alternative fuels that can be immediately adopted. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is considered a practical solution, as it emits fewer pollutants and can be used when switching to an electric powertrain is not immediately feasible. However, research on optimizing the performance of LPG conversion engines is still insufficient. This study analyzes the injection characteristics of LPG in a gasoline direct-injection engine, finding that LPG has superior atomization properties compared to gasoline.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Payal Patial, Nupur Aggarwal, Manish Deshwal, Haewon Byeon, Hitendra Kumar Lautre, Naveen Kumar
Summary: Transparent and crack-free ZnO thin films were prepared on a silicon substrate using spin coating technique, and the effect of variable thickness on their properties was analyzed. The crystallographic structure of the films was characterized using X-ray diffraction, and it was found that a thickness of 155 nm resulted in the best gas sensing performance.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Huo, Gao-Wan Zou, Hui Dong, Fang-Ming Cheng
Summary: This study investigates the impact of concentration gradient of premixed gas and tunnel cross-sectional area on the propagation of deflagration using numerical simulation. It is found that an appropriate concentration gradient can induce violent deflagration, while excessively high concentration gradient hinders the propagation speed. Furthermore, the size of the tunnel cross-section also affects the spreading ability of the deflagration flame.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Qinghe Su, Mehtabul Azam
Summary: Using a nationally representative survey in India, this study examines the impact of using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as cooking fuel on the time spent in cooking and employment activities for rural women. The authors use a spatial instrument to account for LPG usage, finding that LPG has no effect on women's participation in cooking activities but does reduce time spent in cooking and increase time spent in employment. Additionally, the study uncovers a rebound effect where LPG leads to a slight increase in the number of cooking events per day. The impact of LPG usage on time allocation is primarily driven by married women.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Salih Ozer, Usame Demir, Gokhan Coskun
Summary: This study investigated the effects of using the TSI engine with alternative fuels on emissions. The results showed that coolant temperature had a significant impact on emissions. The emissions of liquid DI-TSI LPG fuel were more sensitive to coolant temperature, with higher temperatures leading to decreased HC and CO emissions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hanadi A. Almukhlifi, Syed Khasim, Apsar Pasha
Summary: This study presents a novel method for fabricating a highly sensitive and flexible gas sensor material, which exhibits excellent performance for detecting liquefied petroleum gas at room temperature. The composite sensor treated with H2SO4 shows stable sensitivity and short response/recovery time, making it ideal for flexible gas sensing applications.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sujata R. Shinde, Vandana P. Shinde
Summary: Nanorods of ZnO were successfully synthesized using a template-free solvent-based method with zinc chloride precursor, and the structural and morphological analysis showed improved stability. Variations in aspect ratios of ZnO nanorods synthesized using different precursors were observed from TEM results. Thin films composed of ZnO nanorods fabricated via spin coating technique exhibited excellent liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing performance.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Usman Ali, Muhammad Zafar, Ashfaq Ahmed, Hafiz Kamran Zaman, Abdul Razzaq, Syed Sheraz Daood, Muhammad Bashir, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a clean and efficient energy source used globally. This research focuses on investigating LPG recovery performance using Aspen HYSYS to optimize the process and reduce costs. Different process alternatives are applied to enhance efficiency and reduce the size of equipment, resulting in increased LPG production and decreased capital costs.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Xuqing Wang, Xiaofeng Kang, Jun Deng
Summary: The study found that an increase in initial temperature results in a decrease in the highest explosion pressure and explosion induction period, as well as an increase in the maximum flame temperature, while an increase in initial pressure raises the highest explosion pressure and the maximum flame temperature. Among the four explosion parameters, initial pressure has the largest influence.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zeycan Keskin, Tayfun Ozgur, Himmet Ozarslan, Ali Cem Yakaryilmaz
Summary: In this study, the low temperature activity of Ag-Ti-Cu/Cordierite catalyst was investigated using LPG and H-2-LPG mixture as reductant. The results showed that the presence of H-2-LPG as reductant significantly improved SCR performance, especially at low temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Efrain Gomez Mendez, Chrystian M. Posada, Juan M. Jaramillo Ocampo
Summary: This study synthesized SrxNi(1- x)Fe2O4 thin films and evaluated their performance in LPG detection. The results showed that the structure and performance of the films were influenced by the synthesis conditions, with high temperature and high concentration of Sr leading to reduced sensing capabilities.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Ammar, Muddassir Ali, Muhammad Zafar, Muhammad Zeeshan
Summary: This study focuses on the design modification of LPG cooking stoves to improve thermal efficiency and reduce emissions by optimizing the loading height. The results show that the thermal efficiency of the stoves increased and CO emissions decreased at the optimal loading height.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lalit Rajaramji Gabhane, NagamalleswaraRao Kanidarapu
Summary: The study evaluated the fire and explosion hazard potential of one of Asia's biggest LPG terminals in India and developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model for threat zone prediction. The results showed that the catastrophic rupture of the 1350 MT capacity Horton sphere posed the highest risk to life safety. The developed ANN model accurately predicted the threat zone distance, providing a reliable framework for safety distance prediction.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ram Sevak Singh
Summary: This study investigates the sensing behaviors of sulfur-doped silicon carbide nanotube (S-SiCNT) towards propane and butane gases, which are part of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The results show that S-SiCNT exhibits higher sensitivity towards propane compared to butane, and the adsorption of propane or butane leads to notable changes in the electronic structure of the nanotube.
DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jingyan Wang, Yuntao Liang, Zhenzhen Zhao
Summary: In this study, the explosion behaviors of H-2-LPG-air mixtures were experimentally investigated under the action of N-2 and CO2. The addition of N-2 and CO2 reduces the maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise, and postpones the arrival of explosion peak. CO2 demonstrates a better inhibitory effect on the H-2-LPG-air mixture explosion compared to N-2. The addition of CO2 not only inhibits explosion by its physical properties, but also participates in chemical reactions, consuming free radicals and reducing their concentration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bryan Wan, Trent Parker, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: This literature review examines different approaches to industrial storage tank fires and explores how quantitative consequence analysis with thermal modeling can assist in developing fire preplans and emergency response planning guidelines. By using thermal contours generated by consequence modeling software, emergency response planners can take into account sociotechnical factors and site-specific hazards, and identify appropriate preventive measures and responses.
PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rui Fu, Kongyong Cui, Jingang Yang, Haiyan Xu, Dong Yin, Weihua Song, Hongjian Wang, Chenggang Zhu, Lei Feng, Zhifang Wang, Qingsheng Wang, Ye Lu, Kefei Dou, Yuejin Yang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of fasting stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) under different glucose metabolism status. The results showed a strong positive association between high SHR values and in-hospital mortality regardless of diabetes status. Fasting SHR can be considered as a useful marker for risk stratification in AMI patients.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tianyu Li, Xiaozeng Wang, Zhenyu Liu, Zheng Zhang, Yongzhen Zhang, Zhifang Wang, Yingqing Feng, Qingsheng Wang, Xiaogang Guo, Xiaofang Tang, Jingjing Xu, Ying Song, Yan Chen, Na Xu, Yi Yao, Ru Liu, Pei Zhu, Yaling Han, Jinqing Yuan
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and prognostic significance of malnutrition in patients with abnormal glycemic status and coronary artery disease (CAD). It found that malnutrition is not rare in these patients, with a higher prevalence among diabetic patients. Moderate-severe malnutrition strongly predicted all-cause death, regardless of the assessment tool. Assessing the nutritional status of CAD patients with prediabetes and diabetes may help identify those at high risk of all-cause death and improve prognosis.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ping Li, Fuzai Yin, Yanru Zhao, Yali Liu, Ru Zhang, Jia Wang, Wenqi Lu, Qingsheng Wang, Jing Zhang
Summary: This study found a positive association between total sugar consumption and depressive symptoms, especially among obese adults.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Xiuxia Li, Qingsheng Wang, Yucheng Hu, Linhai Jing, Wenyan Ge
Summary: In this study, the climate comfort level for tourism on the Tibetan Plateau was assessed using ERA-5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2020. The tourism climate index (TCI) was calculated and showed increasing trends in both annual and monthly TCI. Spatially, higher TCI values and more significant increasing trends were found in the eastern, southern, and peripheral regions of the Tibetan Plateau, as well as in the Qaidam Basin with lower altitude. These findings provide valuable guidance for tourism development in response to climate change.
CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yufeng Quan, Trent F. Parker, Yinying Hua, Hae-Kwon Jeong, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing attention in various fields such as catalysis, separation, environment, food, and medicine. Guidelines for efficient and safe scale-up synthesis of MOFs are crucial for the industry. This study focuses on the scale-up synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) using a solvothermal RC1e reactor and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Through detailed process kinetics and hazard analysis, the formation stages and transformation kinetics of ZIF-8 are identified, and potential operability problems are discussed.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhihong Pang, Xing Lu, Pingfan Hu, Zheng O'Neill, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: This study develops and evaluates a smart ventilation control algorithm (SIREN) that dynamically adjusts zone and system-level HVAC operation to maintain an acceptable COVID-19 infection risk and HVAC energy efficiency.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Bhushan Pawar, Bhavana Bhadriraju, Faisal Khan, Joseph Sang-II Kwon, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Ensuring resilience in process systems is crucial for safe and sustainable operations. Fault prognosis predicts the system's behavior after a fault occurs and helps determine intervention strategies for restoring normal operating conditions. An adaptable modeling technique called operable adaptive sparse identification of system is used for fault prognosis in the proposed framework. The system's absorption, adaptation, and recovery performances are evaluated based on a resilience metric to model the efficacy of different intervention strategies. A case study on a batch reactor in thermal runaway condition is conducted to demonstrate the framework's applicability.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rong Ma, Ruiqing Shen, Yufeng Quan, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Graphene quantum dots were decorated onto montmorillonite to create nanohybrids, which were then incorporated into a polystyrene matrix. The resulting nanocomposites showed enhanced interfacial interaction and improved flame retardancy. This study proposes a novel method to modify montmorillonite and produce well-dispersed polymeric materials with enhanced fire safety.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Chi-Yang Li, Jazmine Aiya D. Marquez, Pingfan Hu, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is an emerging industry that aims to address climate change. The construction of more pipelines for transporting CO2 to storage sites is a key aspect of this industry. Evaluating the behavior of CO2 release and dispersion from these pipelines is necessary due to the potential hazards of high concentration exposure. Industrial-scale experiments have provided quantitative data, but conducting experiments for every possible scenario is impractical. Computational tools such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and risk assessment methodologies such as Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) have been used to predict CO2 dispersion behavior and hazards. This review discusses the different experiments, CFD models, and risk assessments related to CO2 transport pipelines. The potential of using machine learning to improve the accuracy and efficiency of predicting CO2 dispersion behavior is also explored.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yufeng Quan, Ruiqing Shen, Christian Schweizer, Pradeep Parajuli, Zhuoran Zhang, Waruna Kulatilaka, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: The use of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) can enhance the flame retardancy of polypropylene composites, reduce the release of toxic byproducts during combustion, and provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy to suppress potential fire hazards from synthetic polymers.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Dongdong Yang, Gaogeng Zhu, Xinhong Li, Qingsheng Wang, Guoming Chen
Summary: An integrated approach for assessing the consequences of chain accidents is proposed, taking into account human behavior. The approach incorporates risk-based and grid-based concepts to integrate adverse impacts, and is applied to a hypothetical chain accident involving a release and explosion of H2S-containing natural gas. The approach considers emergency evacuation by establishing a model for evacuation time and evaluates toxic impact by calculating cumulative H2S inhalation dose along each evacuation trajectory. Explosion impact is predicted by extracting maximum explosion overpressures at the real-time positions of victims. This systematic and efficient approach can aid in developing safety measures and improving contingency plans.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mitchell Huffman, Qingsheng Wang, Faisal Khan
Summary: As the human population grows, sustainable practices are necessary to protect the planet and preserve the standard of living. Frameworks like life cycle assessment and the triple bottom line provide approaches to quantify sustainability, but there is a need for additional considerations such as safety and interrelations between sustainability pillars. Existing sustainability metrics show inconsistencies in their results and imply the need for a comprehensive assessment that is interrelated and time dependent.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Zhou, Gang Li, Haoran Zhao, Xiupeng Zhang, Jazmine Aiya D. Marquez, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: The explosion characteristics of runaway battery vented gas (BVG) were studied, and the effects of ambient temperature, turbulence conditions, and graphite dust were investigated. The temperature increase reduced the maximum explosion pressure of BVG, while turbulence had little effect on explosion pressure but significantly affected the rate of explosion pressure rise. Adding graphite dusts helped BVG reach the maximum explosion pressure at a lower volume concentration and reduced the time to reach the maximum pressure after ignition.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jianpeng Wang, Xiaoyang Luan, Jiali Huo, Mingju Jing, Mitchell Huffman, Qingsheng Wang, Bin Zhang
Summary: Hydrogen has the potential for emissions-free energy production, making it a strategic opportunity for renewable energy storage. Safety issues related to high-pressure hydrogen incidents are a key factor limiting its development. This study uses a CFD model to investigate the characteristics of high-pressure hydrogen jet flames under different forms of barrier walls and hydrogen pressure. Results show that complex barrier walls can effectively block flames compared to vertical barriers. A 60-degree plate is the preferred choice based on flame shape and temperature analysis.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chao Chen, Hang Chen, Li Mo, Shenbin Xiao, Changjun Li, Ming Yang, Genserik Reniers
Summary: Fire-induced domino effect is a major threat to hazardous material storage tanks. Previous research neglected the impact of wind load on the thermal buckling behavior of tanks exposed to fire. This paper conducts a numerical simulation to analyze the synergistic effects of fire and wind loads on the thermal post-buckling behavior of storage tanks, considering wind parameters and heat radiation parameters.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhang Chu, Liu Lili, Li Wei, Li Beibei, Liu Mingxing
Summary: This study predicts the fatigue life of blasting discs using a combined simulation method and measures the deformation of conventional slotted blasting discs subjected to repeated loading using a high-precision laser scanning method. A relationship model is established between deformation, loading pressure, cycle number, and change in blasting pressure. The results show that the deformation varies linearly with the cycle number and follows a power function relationship with the change in blasting pressure. The deformation can be used to accurately predict the fatigue life of blasting discs.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shin-Mei Ouyang, Jia-Chi Ye, Wei-Chun Chen, Yu-Jen Chen, Chin-Feng Chen
Summary: This study employed the Taguchi method and analysis of variance to investigate the factors that influence the deterioration of pyrotechnics when stored under different humidity and temperature conditions. Various experimental methods were used to study the microstructure, heat flow, and safety of the pyrotechnics. The results showed that humidity had a significant impact on the pyrotechnics, and controlling humidity could reduce the hazards associated with storing pyrotechnics.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bei Li, Huiqiang Liu, Heng Gao, Chi-Min Shu, Mingshu Bi
Summary: The moisture content sprayed into the dust layer in industrial sites is a main factor affecting reignition. The study found that moisture has a certain influence on the thermophysical properties of the dust layer, playing an important role in heat transfer and heat absorption processes. The results showed that as the moisture content increased, the thermal conductivity and heat sink density of the sample increased, indicating the need to have a heat sink density higher than the heat increase value to suppress ignition.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yue Jing, Yong Pan, Fan Yang, Dan Wei, Wenhe Wang
Summary: A comprehensive risk assessment method for the esterification process was proposed in this study. It established a comprehensive evaluation index system and utilized improved Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and cloud model for assessment. The method was validated through case studies and showed consistency with established indexes.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)