Article
Microbiology
Andrei Kiselev, Helene San Clemente, Laurent Camborde, Bernard Dumas, Elodie Gaulin
Summary: Aphanomyces euteiches, a soil-borne oomycete pathogen, causes root rot diseases in legumes. Different pathotypes of A. euteiches show varying virulence, with secreted proteases and CAZymes being key factors. The specific secretome of A. euteiches includes small, secreted proteins without predicted functional domains, potentially influencing its preference for legumes. This study lays the foundation for further research on the interactions between A. euteiches and legumes.
Article
Microbiology
Pedro Henrique Soares Nunes, Tiago Barcelos Valiatti, Ana Carolina de Mello Santos, Jullia Assis da Silva Nascimento, Jose Francisco Santos-Neto, Talita Trevizani Rocchetti, Maria Cecilia Zorat Yu, Ana Luisa Hofling-Lima, Tania Aparecida Tardelli Gomes
Summary: This study aimed to understand the pathogenic potential and virulence mechanisms of E. coli strains isolated from eye infections. The results showed significant genetic and virulence variation among ocular strains and pointed to an ocular pathogenic potential related to multiple virulence mechanisms.
Article
Microbiology
Jean Carlier, Francois Bonnot, Veronique Roussel, Sebastien Ravel, Reina Teresa Martinez, Luis Perez-Vicente, Catherine Abadie, Stephen Wright
Summary: This study revealed the genomic basis of adaptation to quantitative resistance in the banana pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis, detecting several genomic regions potentially involved in quantitative pathogenicity and highlighting specific host-pathogen interactions. The findings suggest a polygenic basis for fungal adaptation to quantitative plant resistance and complex molecular interactions between plants and pathogens in quantitative disease development.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anurag Semwal, Avdhesh Kumar, Neelesh Kumar
Summary: Aeromonas hydrophila is a freshwater bacterium that causes gastroenteritis and septicemia in fishes and leads to the disease known as Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS). Virulence factors such as haemolysin, aerolysin, cytosine, gelatinase, enterotoxin, and antimicrobial peptides have been identified in A. hydrophila. Phytotherapy using medicinal herbs/plants with their bioactive compounds is an alternative and eco-friendly approach to reduce the pathogenicity of aquatic environmental pathogens. This review emphasizes the diverse applications of phytotherapy in aquaculture disease management, contributing to the development of organic aquaculture.
Article
Microbiology
Michela Ruinelli, Jochen Blom, Theo H. M. Smits, Joeel F. Pothier
Summary: A comparative genomics approach identified genes significantly associated with strains isolated from Prunus spp., with the HopAY gene predicted to encode a C58 cysteine protease being highly related to these strains, supporting co-evolution and host adaptation patterns.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Danielle D. Munhoz, Amanda C. Richards, Fernanda F. Santos, Matthew A. Mulvey, Roxane M. F. Piazza
Summary: Pathogenic subsets of Escherichia coli include diarrheagenic (DEC) strains and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains. The newly reclassified hybrid strain BA1250 possesses genetic features of both DEC and ExPEC and has the potential to cause disease outside of the gut. The adhesin E. coli common pilus (ECP) acts as a colonization and virulence factor for BA1250, and changes in its activation may affect the fitness of the strain.
Review
Microbiology
Jun Li, Yuxian Xia
Summary: Research on the interactions between Metarhizium spp. and locusts improves our understanding of the interactions between fungal infection and host immunity. This review summarizes the crucial pathways that regulate the pathogenesis of Metarhizium and host immune defense.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Teruo Sano
Summary: Viroids are non-encapsidated, single-stranded, circular RNAs that replicate autonomously in host cells, invading and adapting to new environments. They interact with various host factors to exert different levels of pathogenicity, revealing a molecular mechanism of pathogenicity more complex than initially thought.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY SERIES B-PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irina Yuri Kawashima, Maria Claudia Negret Lopez, Marielton dos Passos Cunha, Ronaldo Fumio Hashimoto
Summary: The genetic diversity of Coronaviruses gives them different biological abilities, and researchers have used a computational tool and Relative Synonymous Codon Usage to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2's host specificity. Bats are likely the natural host for this virus.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rafael Gariglio Clark Xavier, Clarissa Helena Santana, Paloma Helena Sanches da Silva, Flavia Figueira Aburjaile, Felipe Luiz Pereira, Henrique Cesar Pereira Figueiredo, Patricia Maria Coletto Freitas, Renato Lima Santos, Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
Summary: This study investigated the simultaneous occurrence of pyometra and Escherichia coli in two cohabitant female dogs. It suggested the first transmission of E. coli associated with pyometra between two animals, which could impact the management of sites where several females cohabit.
Article
Agronomy
Justin S. H. Wan
Summary: Populations and lineages of Phytophthora infestans can vary in their specificity to potato and tomato hosts. Specialists on one host may coexist with generalists on both hosts due to a trade-off between generalism and lesion growth rate. This study analyzed cross-inoculation trials on potato and tomato isolates, finding that higher specificity was associated with faster lesion growth on the original host at the population level. Tomato isolates tended to become more generalist over time. These findings provide insights into the coexistence of generalist and specialist strains and the potential exceptions to the trade-off.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Moataz Abd El Ghany, Lars Barquist, Simon Clare, Cordelia Brandt, Matthew Mayho, Enrique Joffre Prime, Asa Sjoling, A. Keith Turner, John D. Klena, Robert A. Kingsley, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Gordon Dougan, Derek Pickard
Summary: Using a combination of transposon mutagenesis and transcriptomic analysis, genes and pathways contributing to ETEC persistence in water environments and colonization of mammalian hosts were identified, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and stress response regulons. The analysis also showed a bottleneck driving down the diversity of colonizing ETEC populations growing in vivo in mice.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yanna Guo, Xuebing Bai, Zhiyuan Liu, Bing Liang, Yiqing Zheng, Samar Dankar, Jihui Ping
Summary: This study aims to investigate key mutations that enable avian H9N2 influenza viruses to adapt to mammalian hosts. The researchers identified three mutations that contributed to high virulence and mouse adaptation. Further investigation demonstrated that these mutations enhanced viral replication and transcription in mammalian cells, leading to severe pneumonia and excessive inflammatory response.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Wenjia Lu, Jia Tan, Hao Lu, Gaoyan Wang, Wenqi Dong, Chenchen Wang, Xiaodan Li, Chen Tan
Summary: This study elucidated the important roles played by the four Rhs genes identified in porcine ExPEC strain PCN033 in the interaction between bacteria and host cells, with rhs1, rhs3, and rh4 contributing to anti-phagocytosis, bacterial adhesion, and invasion abilities, and rhs2 contributing to cell and mouse infection. These findings provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism of PCN033 and lay a foundation for future research on identifying potential T6SS effectors.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Florian Mock, Adrian Viehweger, Emanuel Barth, Manja Marz
Summary: Zoonosis, the transmission of infections from animals to humans, is a global issue that requires accurate prediction of the viral host to prevent further spread. A new deep learning approach based on viral genome sequence shows high accuracy in predicting the host of viruses, even with limited sequences and unbalanced data.
